GENETICALLY MODIFIED PRODUCTS

STS100 | MITRA, Karyll Ann G |

GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS DEFINED:

• Genetically modified foods (or GM

foods) are foods produced

from organisms that have had specific

changes introduced into

their DNA using the methods of genetic

engineering. These techniques have

allowed for the introduction of new traits

as well as a far greater control over a

food's genetic structure than previously

afforded by methods such as selective

breeding and mutation breeding.

As of 2013 there are several GM crops that are food sources and there are nogenetically modified animals used for food production. In some cases, the plantproduct is directly consumed as food, but in most cases, crops that have beengenetically modified are sold as commodities, which are further processed intofood ingredients.

FOODS WITH PROTEIN OR DNA REMAINING FROM GMOs

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

• Papaya has been genetically modified to resistthe ringspot virus. 'SunUp' is a transgenic red-fleshed Sunset cultivar that is homozygous forthe coat protein gene of PRSV; 'Rainbow' is ayellow-fleshed F1 hybrid developed by crossing'SunUp' and nontransgenic yellow-fleshed'Kapoho'.

• The New York Times stated "in the early 1990s,Hawaii’s papaya industry was facing disasterbecause of the deadly papaya ringspot virus. Itssingle-handed savior was a breed engineered tobe resistant to the virus. Without it, the state’spapaya industry would have collapsed. Today,80% of Hawaiian papaya is geneticallyengineered, and there is still no conventional ororganic method to control ringspot virus."

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

• As of 2012, an apple that has

been genetically modified to

resist browning, known as

the Non-browning Arctic

apple produced by Okanagan

Specialty Fruits, was awaiting

regulatory approval in the US

and Canada. A gene in the fruit

has been modified such that the

apple produces less polyphenol

oxidase, a chemical that

manifests the browning.

MILLED CORN PRODUCTS

• Corn used for food has been

genetically modified to be

resistant to various herbicides

and to express a protein

from Bacillus thuringiensis that

kills certain insects. About 90%

of the corn grown in the US has

been genetically modified.

• Human-grade corn can be

processed into grits, meal, and

flour.

MILLED CORN PRODUCTS, Grits

• Grits are the coarsest product

from the corn dry milling

process. Grits vary in texture

and are generally used in

corn flakes, breakfast cereals,

and snack foods. Brewers’

grits are used in the beer

manufacturing process.

MILLED CORN PRODUCTS, Corn Meal

• Corn meal is an ingredient in

several products including

cornbread, muffins, fritters,

cereals, bakery mixes,

pancake mixes, and snacks.

The finest grade corn meal is

often used to coat English

muffins and pizzas. Cornmeal

is also sold as a packaged

good.

MILLED CORN PRODUCTS, Corn Flour

• Corn flour is one of the finest texturedcorn products generated in the drymilling process. Some of the productscontaining corn flour include mixes forpancakes, muffins, doughnuts,breadings, and batters, as well as babyfoods, meat products, cereals, andsome fermented products. Masa flour isanother finely textured corn product. Itis produced using the alkaline-cookedprocess. A related product, masadough, can be made using corn flourand water. Masa flour and masa doughare used in the production of tacoshells, corn chips, and tortillas.

MILLED SOY PRODUCTS

• About 90% of the planted area ofsoybeans in the US are geneticallymodified varieties.

• Soybean seeds contain about 20%oil. To extract soybean oil from theseeds, the soybeans are cracked,adjusted for moisture content, rolledinto flakes and solvent-extractedwith commercial hexane. Theremaining soybean meal has a50% soy protein content. The mealis 'toasted' (a misnomer becausethe heat treatment is with moiststeam) and ground in a hammermill.

MILLED SOY PRODUCTS

Ninety-eight percent of the U.S. soybean

crop is used for livestock feed. Part of the

remaining 2% of soybean meal is

processed further into high protein soy

products that are used in a variety of

foods, such as:

salad dressings, soups, meat analogues,

beverage powders, cheeses ,nondairy

creamer, frozen desserts, whipped

topping, infant formulas, breads, breakfast

cereals, pastas, and pet foods.

SOY PROTEIN ISOLATES

• Food-grade soy protein isolate first became

available on October 2, 1959 with the

dedication of Central Soya's edible soy

isolate, Promine D, production facility on the

Glidden Company industrial site in

Chicago. Soy protein isolate is a highly refined

or purified form of soy protein with a minimum

protein content of 90% on a moisture-free

basis. It is made from soybean meal which

has had most of the non-protein

components, fats and carbohydrates

removed. Soy isolates are mainly used to

improve the texture of processed meat

products, but are also used to increase

protein content, to enhance moisture

retention, and are used as an emulsifier.

SOY PROTEIN CONCENTRATES

• Soy protein concentrate is about 70% soy

protein and is basically soybean meal

without the water-soluble carbohydrates.

Soy protein concentrate retains most of

the fiber of the original soybean. It is

widely used as a functional or nutritional

ingredient in a wide variety of food

products, mainly in baked foods,

breakfast cereals, and in some meat

products. Soy protein concentrate is used

in meat and poultry products to increase

water and fat retention and to improve

nutritional values (more protein, less fat).

FLOURS

• Soy flour is made by grinding soybeans

into a fine powder. It comes in three

forms: natural or full-fat (contains

natural oils); defatted (oils removed) with

50% protein content and with either high

water solubility or low water solubility;

and lecithinated (lecithin added). As soy

flour is gluten-free, yeast-

raised breads made with soy flour are

dense in texture. Soy grits are similar to

soy flour except the soybeans have been

toasted and cracked into coarse

pieces. Kinako is a soy flour used

in Japanese cuisine.

TOP TEN GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS

CONCLUSION

These Genetically Modified Products are big contribution to improve the health

condition of each member of the society/community. Genetically modified

foods (or GM foods) are foods produced from organisms that have specific

changes introduced into their DNA using the methods of genetic engineering.

These techniques have allowed for the introduction of new traits as well as a far

greater control over a food's genetic structure than previously afforded by

methods such as selective breeding and mutation breeding. This Genetically

Modified Products will help us in order to have healthier way of living and it will

benefit all the health conscious individual.

THANK YOU!