GEF International Waters Focal AreaGEF International Waters Focal Area

International Waters (IW)International Waters (IW) includes transboundary river includes transboundary river lake, and groundwater lake, and groundwater basins; also oceans, coasts, basins; also oceans, coasts, Large Marine Ecosystems Large Marine Ecosystems and connected river basinsand connected river basins

1995 GEF Operational Strategy- International Waters

• 2 Long-term Goals for the IW focal area:

-Collective, multi-state management of transboundary water systems

-Implementation of the full range of technical, economic, financial, regulatory, and institutional reforms and investments contributing to sustainable use of those transboundary waters

GEF International Waters GEF International Waters Portfolio of Approved Projects Portfolio of Approved Projects

(FY 1992-2009)(FY 1992-2009)

*182 Projects with 172 Collaborating Countries

*$1.1 Billion in GEF Grants; $4.8 Billion in Co-financing

Emphasis for GEF 5 in IW will be Scaling Up On-the-Emphasis for GEF 5 in IW will be Scaling Up On-the-Ground Operations Continuing Current TrendGround Operations Continuing Current Trend

$500 million Scenario$500 million Scenario

$660 million Scenario$660 million Scenario

Draft GEF 5 International WatersDraft GEF 5 International Waters ObjectivesObjectives

Key Implications of Draft IW StrategyKey Implications of Draft IW Strategy• New IW projects to incorporate considerations of climatic variability and

change• New freshwater basin projects to incorporate both surface water and

groundwater in true spirit of IWRM & floods/droughts/floodplain management

• New Coastal and LME projects to incorporate ICM & consider sea level rise/flooding/reefs/fisheries/ blue carbon/blue forests(mangroves, kelp, seagrass, marshes)

• GEF IW projects will be more costly with capacity building and foundational work on aquifers, IWRM, ICM, climatic variability, & legal frameworks

• Results at community scale, gender issues, and experience-sharing/ learning will be stressed

Figure 6: Global Observed TemperaturesFigure 6: Global Observed TemperaturesCombined global land, air, and sea surface temperatures

1860 to August 1998 (relative to 1961–1990 average)

Source: The U.K. Meteorological Office. 1997. Climate Change and Its Impacts: A Global Perspective.

Six Climate ThreatsSix Climate ThreatsTop 12 Countries Most at Risk from Each

Climate Risks and Development: The “Poor Countries’ Danger”

Drought Flood Storm Coastal 1m Coastal 5m Agriculture

Malawi Bangladesh PhilippinesAll low-lying Island States

All low-lying Island States

Sudan

Ethiopia China Bangladesh Vietnam Netherlands Senegal

Zimbabwe India Madagascar Egypt Japan Zimbabwe

India Cambodia Vietnam Tunisia Bangladesh Mali

Mozambique Mozambique Moldova Indonesia Philippines Zambia

Niger Laos Mongolia Mauritania Egypt Morocco

Mauritania Pakistan Haiti China Brazil Niger

Eritrea Sri Lanka Samoa Mexico Venezuela India

Sudan Thailand Tonga Myanmar Senegal Malawi

Chad Vietnam China Bangladesh Fiji Algeria

Kenya Benin Honduras Senegal Vietnam Ethiopia

Iran Rwanda Fiji Libya Denmark Pakistan

Middle IncomeLow Income High Income

It Will Get WorseIt Will Get Worse Potential Impact on Agriculture — Projected Percentage

Change in Agricultural Productivity in 2080

Note: Scenario: SRES A2.Source: Cline 2007.

Mountain Water Systems Melting Creates Downstream Water Conflicts

Water Stress in Critical Regions will Increase

Climate change can affect water availability & demand patterns and Climate change can affect water availability & demand patterns and aggravate water stress.aggravate water stress.

Percentage Change in Runoff by 2050Percentage Change in Runoff by 2050

• Many of the major “food-bowls” of the world are projected to become significantly drierMany of the major “food-bowls” of the world are projected to become significantly drier• Globally there will be more precipitationGlobally there will be more precipitation• Higher temperatures will tend to reduce run offHigher temperatures will tend to reduce run off• A few important areas drier (Mediterranean, southern South America, northern Brazil, west A few important areas drier (Mediterranean, southern South America, northern Brazil, west

and south Africa)and south Africa)

Temperature Increases in EAST CHINA SEA Temperature Increases in EAST CHINA SEA Large Marine EcosystemLarge Marine Ecosystem

Mean Annual SST and Annual Anomalies of SST

IW SAG 4/10/07 - 22

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

19681970197219741976197819801982198419861988199019921994

Year

CP

UE

(Cat

ch p

er

HP

)

Large T rawl Medium T rawl Large Stow

• Yellow Sea LME

Startling Estimates of Nitrogen Export to Coasts Now Being Startling Estimates of Nitrogen Export to Coasts Now Being Refined in a GEF-supported Project- GEF/UNEP/IOC-UNESCORefined in a GEF-supported Project- GEF/UNEP/IOC-UNESCO

Global Decline in Fisheries-related Biodiversity in Global Decline in Fisheries-related Biodiversity in LMEsLMEs

Change in Catch Potential in 2030 (% relative to Change in Catch Potential in 2030 (% relative to 2005)2005)

< (-50) (-31) – (-15) (-6) – 5 16 – 30 51 – 100

Protection of the North West Sahara Aquifer System (NWSAS) and related humid zones and ecosystems (UNEP/OSS)

Formulation of an Action Programme for the Integrated Management of the Shared Nubian Aquifer (UNDP/IAEA)

Developing Renewable Groundwater Resources in Arid Lands: a Pilot Case - the Eastern Desert of Egypt (UNDP)

Managing Hydrogeological Risk in the Iullemeden Aquifer System (UNEP/OSS)

Mainstreaming Groundwater Considerations into the Integrated Management of the Nile River Basin (UNDP/IAEA)

Groundwater and Drought Management in the SADC region (World Bank)

Protection of the North West Sahara Aquifer System (NWSAS) and related humid zones and ecosystems (UNEP/OSS)

Formulation of an Action Programme for the Integrated Management of the Shared Nubian Aquifer (UNDP/IAEA)

Developing Renewable Groundwater Resources in Arid Lands: a Pilot Case - the Eastern Desert of Egypt (UNDP)

Managing Hydrogeological Risk in the Iullemeden Aquifer System (UNEP/OSS)

Mainstreaming Groundwater Considerations into the Integrated Management of the Nile River Basin (UNDP/IAEA)

Groundwater and Drought Management in the SADC region (World Bank)

GEF Portfolio of Transboundary Groundwater Projects in AfricaGEF Portfolio of Transboundary Groundwater Projects in Africa

Climate Change Adaptation: Climate Change Adaptation:

• GEF receives guidance from COP of UNFCCC

• Supported further development of:– Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF)– Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF)– Strategic Priority for Adaptation (SPA)

• Funding: provided $270m for adaptation through LDCF, SCCF, and SPA

• GEFSEC Serves as Secretariat for Adaptation Fund Board (Kyoto Protocol)

GEF International Waters Ecosystem-Based Approach GEF International Waters Ecosystem-Based Approach to Management of LMEs at Multiple Scalesto Management of LMEs at Multiple Scales

• Across LMEs in Region (Alternatives to Shrimp Trawling-FAO & Oceanic Fisheries/Tuna UNDP/FFA/WCPFC)• Large Marine Ecosystem Scale ( South China Sea LME-UNEP)• Coastal Municipality/Provincial ICM scale (Da Nang, Vietnam - UNDP PEMSEA)• River Basin Linkage Scale (GPA Mekong River Basin/delta - World Bank)• Local Community-based Demo Sites (Phu Quoc Fish Refugia Vietnam- UNEP)

GEF IWLEARN.net is being updated

Please read the draft GEF 5 IW Strategy

Let us know your thoughts: what do your countries need to cope with climatic variability? What can your project do to help? How can GEF help you?