Garcia and Macapagal 4th and 5th Presidents of the Third Republic

MVP History 2011 – 2012

By: Lui Araullo

Philippine Presidents

Emilio Aguinaldo - 1898 - 1901

Manuel Quezon - 1935 - 1944 died in office

Sergio Osmena - 1944 - 1946

Jose P. Laurel - 1943 - 1945 Japanese

occupation

Manuel Roxas - 1946 - 1948 died in office

Elpidio Quirino - 1948 - 1953

Ramon Magsaysay - 1953 - 1957 died in office

Carlos P. Garcia - 1957 – 1961

Diosdado Macapagal – 1961 – 1965

Carlos P. Garcia, 8th President of the

Philippines, 4th President of the 3rd

Republic

Taking his oath as president of the Philippines

Carlos P. Garcia, 4th president of the 3rd

Republic

Born in Bohol, Visayas

Lawyer, top of class,

7th in law exams

Called Prince of Visayan Poets

Gifted with oratorical abilities

Entered politics at age 29 as representative of Bohol

Carlos Garcia, president 1957 -

1961

Vice-president ,

1953 and

Secretary of

Foreign Affairs

Took over Pres.

Magsasay March

1957

Won election as full

term President

1957

A nationalist

Known for his

Carlos Garcia, 8th president of the Philippines

(Touring with US VicePres Richard Nixon)

1960’s. Ayala Ave. cor Gil Puyat

Ave.

From FaceBook: Nostalgia with Old Manila

1960’s Ayala Ave. cor. Makati Ave.

Philippine condition in late

1950’s Issues with the US on Rehabilitation

funds, parity rights, and military bases

The Philippine economy was

dominated by foreigners. Only about

15% of trade was in the hands of

native Filipinos

High unemployment because there

were no industries set up. The special

privilege given to the US made it

cheaper to import rather than

manufacture

Contributions, Legacy

Encouraged fiscal austerity

Advocated Filipino First policy to

stimulate more participation in the

economy by the Filipinos

Shortened lease term of the military

bases in the Philippines from 99 years

to 25 years. Signed in 1959

Carlos P. Garcia, 4th president of the

Third Republic

1958, New York. At a ticker tape parade during his

US state visit.

Carlos P. Garcia 1896 - 1971

Lost re-election bid

to Macapagal in

1961

Last participation

was Chairman of

the Constitutional

Convention to

review the

Philippine

Constitution

Died in 1971

Diosdado Macapagal, 9th President of

the Philippines, 5th President of the 3rd

Republic Born in Sept 1910

Poor man from

Lubao, Pampanga

Elected first time as

Representative of

Pampanga 1949

Ran in 1957 as

vice-president for

Jose Yulo

Diosdado Macapagal, 9th president of

the Philippines

He won as

President in 1961,

defeated Garcia

Served as

president from

1961 – 1965

Philippines in the early 1960’s

From 1949, the government exercised

tight controls over foreign currency,

investment and trade

Exchange rate was pegged to the

dollar at P2 = $1

Reduced inflow of foreign investments

because they were using local profits

and loans for investment purposes

Growing nationalism

Contributions, Legacy

Introduced gradual peso devaluation.

Removed fixed exchange rate of P2 to

$1

Gradual decontrol on importations and

purchase of foreign exchange from the

government

Agrarian land reform

Re-oriented our West-leaning foreign

policy toward the emerging Asia

Changed independence day to June

12

Macapagal, 1961 - 1965

Lost his bid for re-

election in 1965 to

Ferdinand Marcos

During his

retirement, he

wrote books

References:

The Untold Philippine Story by Hernando J. Abaya

The Philippine Reader, edited by Daniel Schirmer

& Stephen Shalom

Presidents of the Philippines by Eduardo Bananal

Kasaysayan. Up from the Ashes by Maria Serena

Diokno