Ecology of Mikiola fagiand Hartigiola annulipes

Sebastian PilichowskiFaculty of Biological Sciences

University of Zielona Górahttp://www.pflanzengallen.de/gallen/bilder/0343-fagus7opt.jpg https://swiatmakrodotcom.files.wordpress.com/2013/09/120.jpg

Research hypotheses 1

1) Galls develop in the proximal zone of leaves.

2) Galls develop on the most sunlit side of trees.

3) Gall-inducing success and survival rates within individual tree crown depend on the number of females competing for the beech leaves.

Research hypotheses 2

4) Due to exclusion of parasitism, the number of maturing galls is greater, regardless of the number of laid eggs.

5.1) The same species of parasitoids parasite galls of both species - M. fagi and H. annulipes.

5.2) Different defense strategies of the galls do not limit the activity of parasitoids which attack both species equally.

Research

1. Field study.

2. Experimental study.

Analyses

1. Distribution on the leaf blade and in the crown; ecology of parasitoids.

2. Chemical analyses.

3. Statistical analyses (JMP software).

Hartigiola annulipes and Mikiola fagi and their galls on the leaves of the European common beech (Fagus sylvatica) – impact on the host plant, ecology of distribution and parasitoids.