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FUNDAMENTAL OF SEISMIC ENGINEERING

Introduction Terminology related to earthquake Cities having maximum possibilities of

earthquake Effects of earthquake What to do during earthquake Not to do during the time of earthquake Suggestions to construct earthquake

proof house

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INTRODUCTION

All of you have felt the massive earthquake of 26th january-2011.

Disaster with devastation of thousands of human lives and disturbance to complete destruction of building, towers, tunnels and dams is observed by us in massive and destructive earthquake.

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TERMINOLOGY RELATED TO EARTHQUAKE Seismology: Science related with study of earthquake with all

aspects is known as seismology. Hypocenter: The place or point of disturbance from which

shocking waves will travel in all direction causing vibration below earth surface is know as focus.

Epicenter: The point or place on the earth surface vertically

above the focus of a particular earthquake is known as epicenter .

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Earthquake: Momentary shocks experienced by the earth

at different locations at different time are known as earthquake.

Aftershocks: After major earthquake the unstable plate will

move and tend to obtain stable condition. phenomena for obtaining stable condition some shocks or vibrations are observed which are known as aftershocks.

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CITIES HAVING MAXIMUM POSSIBILITES OF EARTHQUAKE

DELHI

GAUHATI

SHRINAGAR

MUMBAI

JAIPUR

CALCUTTA

BHOPAL BHUJ

SHASAN GIR

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EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKE PRIMARY EFFECTS: Formation of new hills Changing direction of existing water

course Formation of new water course Change in topography Creation of fissures

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SECONDARY EFFCTS: Up-rooting of trees. Destruction of dams,bridges and multistoried

buildings. Destruction of human lives . Psychological effect on human being. Destruction of telephone, light or t.v. tower. Hugh waves in the sea.

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WHAT TO DO DURING EARTHQUAKE Obtain structural drawing of your building

from structural engineer. Take photograph of buildings showing places

where cracks or other failures have occurred. Tie the fans properly with ceiling Close the main switch of electricity Close the gas bottle during non use. Keep battery with pencil cell or torch. Help the affected people Give kind co-operation to authority.

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NOT TO DO DURING THE TIME OF EARTHQUAKE Do not use lift. Do not stand in center of room. Do not carry out haphazard repairs. Do not keep heavy things on shelves of

cupboard. Do not run in narrow streets. Do not run here and there unnecessary. Avoid long talk on telephone. Close main switch of electricity.

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SUGGESTIONS TO CONSTRUCT EARTHQUAKE PROOF HOUSE Avoid irregular shape building. Always prefer plain roof. Do not keep thickness of any load bearing

wall less than 23mm. Use is specified materials Use first class brick for brick masonry. Avoid multistoried building. Use p.v.c water tank. Tie roof covering with j bolt. Keep proper water cement ratio.