freakduino-chibi v1.1 wireless arduino … v1.1 datasheet.pdf · freakduino-chibi v1.1b page 3 of...

FreakLabs FREAKDUINO-CHIBI v1.1

Wireless Arduino-Compatible Prototyping Platform

Datasheet

FREAKDUINO-CHIBI v1.1B

Document Revision History

Date Description2010-11-01 v1.1A Document creation2010-12-26 v1.1B

Added power switch matrix in Connectors/Jumpers/Switches sectionAdded troubleshooting section


SpecificationsThe FreakLabs FREAKDUINO-CHIBI board is designed for rapid prototyping, evaluation, and deployment of custom wireless devices at low cost. It combines the ease-of-use of the Arduino IDE and toolchain, compatibility with a rich assortment of peripherals in the Arduino shield form factor, and an integrated IEEE 802.15.4 wireless radio for inexpensive prototyping and testing of a wireless device.

The base board has all the functionality of an Arduino-based system with wireless communication and is an inexpensive way to start playing with wireless Arduino designs.

It also has optional features such as battery regulation circuitry, a low-cost bottom-mounted battery case, or a ruggedized enclosure with integrated battery case.

This board is designed to introduce people to wireless sensor networking inexpensively and with-out having to deal with complex toolchains, protocol stacks, and software. It’s fully compatible with the Arduino IDE and toolchain which offers a single click compile and download and a rich ecosystem of open source software and tutorials available on the internet. The electrical specifica-tions and connector form factor are also compatible with the original Arduino hardware so that the board can interface with the large assortment of Arduino peripheral shields. The availability

QuicK SpecS

MCU: ATMega328P

Memory: 32 kB Flash/2 kB RAM

Communications: 802.15.4 wireless, USB

Expansion: Ardu-ino-compatible shield connector

Power: Ext 5VDC, USB, Battery (op-tional)

Options: Rugge-dized enclosure, battery regulation circuit, standalone battery case

Page 2FREAKDUINO-CHIBI v1.1B

http://arduino.cc/en/

http://www.shieldlist.org

http://www.shieldlist.org


of third party peripheral shields and open source software allows this board to be used for many diverse applications.

Enhancements were also added to this board to increase functionality. The addition of an inte-grated wireless radio based on the 802.15.4 protocol (same radio protocol as the XBee) allows for wireless control of devices or wireless sensor data collection. Battery circuitry was added so that it could function as a true wireless node without any external power cables. The board is also fitted to a ruggedized enclosure so that the design can be transported safely or deployed in remote set-tings without worrying about damaging the circuit.

RadioThe main addition to this board is the integrated wireless radio. The radio is based on the 802.15.4 wireless protocol and is the same protocol used by XBee modules and Zigbee devices. The radio operates at 2.4 GHz and comes with an RP-SMA antenna connector which is a stan-dard antenna connector commonly found on Wi-Fi routers. An external antenna was chosen over other options such as a chip antenna or printed antenna because of the improved range and variety of available antennas.

The radio driver software and protocol stack are fully open source and available as an Arduino library. The protocol stack is simplified to three main library functions to make wireless commu-nications as simple as possible. Those functions are: init, send, and receive. This makes it easy to use the radio as a simple extension of a serial port or to set up a peer-to-peer star network where each device can talk with any other device within listening range.

There are also many benefits to using 802.15.4 for communications. At 2.4 GHz, the antennas used are the same as those used for Wi-Fi. Hence there are a large variety of antennas in different sizes, shapes, and power. Omnidirectional antennas such as the standard whip antennas on Wi-Fi routers give moderate range and allow transmission from all directions. Directional antennas can also be used for greatly improved range if the direction of communications is fixed.

Some other benefits of using 802.15.4 is robustness such as automatic acknowledge and retries


and functionality such as auto-discard of frames that don’t match the particular network address or node address.

Also, since it’s possible to talk directly to the radio, it also allows for more flexibility for advanced users such as a direct readout of the signal strength (RSSI), changing transmission thresholds (CCA), number of retries, or whatever else is available in the radio’s registers.


PowerThere are three options to provide power to the board. The most common is via the USB, how-ever the board can also be powered via an external adapter connected to the DC jack. This is especially useful when more power is needed than can be provided by the USB. Finally, when no external power is available, the board can also be battery powered.

The USB connector provides up to 500 mA of current at 5V and can directly power the board for most applications. It’s convenient when the device is connected to a PC since the USB to serial converter also allows for communications with the PC.

For designs with higher current requirements, such as driving motors or high power LEDs, an ex-ternal DC adapter can be used. The adapter should be a minimum of 6V and a maximum of 10V.

Note: The power input is determined by the position of the jumper below the DC input jack. The markings on the jumper indicate whether the USB or DC input is being used.

The board also has two separate connectors for batteries. One of the connectors allows a battery case to be mounted on the bottom side of the board. This is convenient since the battery case is directly mounted to the board and allows for battery operation in tight spaces.

The other connector is located near the bottom of the board and is a 2-wire connector that fea-tures mating and polarization. It’s technically called a JST XH series connector and was chosen to allow easy attachment of external battery cables without worrying about reversing the positive and negative connections. It also makes connecting and disconnecting the battery case of the enclo-sure to the board much easier.

There is also a battery regulation circuit on the board. The reason this is needed is because the battery voltage varies based on the battery type and amount of charge left. The voltage regulation allows any type of battery to be connected to the board as long as the battery voltage is below 6V and will generate a stable 5V output. The battery regulation circuit has a maximum current out-put of 200 mA. This is fine for most devices, however devices like motors and high power LEDs (1W or greater) may exceed the maximum current output.

There is a power switch on the board that selects between external line power (via USB or DC jack depending on the jumper) or battery power. The switch can also be used as an OFF switch if either line power or battery power is not present.

There is also a 2-pin DIP switch on the board that enables or disables the power LED and the auxiliary LED. If the board is externally powered, then it’s fine to enable both LEDs, but when the board is battery powered, the LEDs will cause the battery to drain much faster. The DIP switch allows the user to easily disable the LEDs during battery operation.


Connectors, Jumpers and SwitchesThe board contains a number of connectors, jumpers, and switches:

1. Power Input Jumper. The power input jumper is used to select between using the external DC jack or the USB to power the board.

2. Main Power Switch. The main power switch toggles between using line power or battery power. When no battery is connected, this would also serve as the OFF position. The opposite is true when no line power is attached.

3. LED Enable Switch. The LED enable DIP switch is used to enable or disable the main power LED and auxiliary LED. LEDs may consume unecessary power during bat-tery operation so the DIP switch allows the user to enable/disable them when needed.

4. External Antenna Connector. The external antenna connector is an RP-SMA con-nector that attaches to a compatible antenna.

5. Battery Connector. The battery connector is optionally installed and comes with the battery boost kit.


Due to having three ways to power the board, the power switch and power jumper settings need to be configured for your desired input. The switch and jumper is labeled to make things easy, but here’s a quick reference chart on how to configure the power input. The positions in the table cor-respond to the labels on the board.

Main Power Switch Power Input JumperUSB Power USB/DC USB PWRExternal DC Power USB/DC DC PWRBattery Power BATT Ignored

Uploading CodeCompiling and uploading user code into the Freakduino board is very simple:

1. Download the Arduino IDE. The first thing you need to do is get the Arduino IDE and install it. It can be found at the Arduino site.

2. Open the IDE and add code. We’re going to take a shortcut and open up one of the default examples that comes with the Arduino software. Go to the “File/Examples/Ba-sics” menu and select “Blink”.

3. Select the board. Go to the “Tools/Board” menu and select “Arduino Pro or Pro Mini (3.3V, 8 MHz) w/ATMega328”. Don’t worry that it specifies 3.3 volts. We actually

http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software


run at 5V but the main thing is to get the clock frequency and chip correct. In the case of the Freakduino, it uses an ATMega328 running at 8MHz.

4. Select the serial port. Plug the USB connector into the Freakduino board and se-lect the serial port that it’s connected to.

5. Click on the “Upload” icon. The code should compile and start uploading. You’ll also see the serial port’s TX and RX LEDs blinking on the Freakduino board.


Congratulations! You just uploaded your code to the Freakduino board. You should now be the proud owner of a blinking LED :)


CompatibilityThe FREAKDUINO-CHIBI board is essentially an Arduino-based system and a shield integrated together. This means that the peripheral will require using some dedicated pins for the wireless functionality.

Two pins on the analog input connector are not available for use except for standard digital I/O. These are pins Analog 2 and Analog 3. Analog 2 controls the sleep mode and Analog 3 controls the chip select for communications between the microcontroller and radio IC. If the wireless functionality is not used, these pins are available as standard digital I/O but not as analog inputs. If possible, its best to avoid using these pins.

If the wireless functionality is being used, the SPI bus is also required to communicate with the radio. That means that digital pins 10-12 (PB3 to PB5 or MOSI, MISO, and SCLK) will be dedi-cated SPI pins. Please be especially careful when using the AUX LED on the board. It is located on the SCLK pin required by the SPI. If the radio will be used, then the AUX LED should not be used in the sketch.

If there is any question about compatibility with a particular shield, please post to the FreakLabs forums or email [email protected].

LicenseThe FREAKDUINO-CHIBI hardware design is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribu-tion-ShareAlike license v3.0. Attribution is an option and not a requirement. If you do attribute any derivatives of this design to FreakLabs, I’ll think you’re really cool, though :)

DisclaimerThe FREAKDUINO-CHIBI board is NOT FCC approved. It is designed to comply with FCC Part 15 rules. However this board is not in a finished product form and is only intended for ex-perimental and research/development purposes. If you wish to use this board in an actual product, you will need to attain certification with the appropriate local regulatory body for the complete system. Additionally, please use the wireless equipment in a responsible manner with regard for others and your surroundings.

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/


TroubleshootingThere are some common problems that people run into when using the Freakduino board. The following is a list of issues people have had and the fixes for them:

1. Serial port does not work at speed specified in Arduino sketch. This is most likely due to having the wrong “Board” setting in the Arduino IDE. A telltale sign is when you can get the serial output to work properly at twice the baudrate. Normal Arduinos use a 16 MHz clock but the Freakduino uses the internal oscillator on the AVR which runs at 8 MHz. Because of that, the “Tools/Board” setting in the Arduino IDE should be:

“Arduino Pro or Pro Mini (3.3V, 8 MHz) w/ATMega328”

2. Radio is not working or displays “RADIO NOT INITIALIZED PROPERLY” on serial terminal. The first thing to try when you see that message is to load the example sketch “chibi_ex4_cmdline” with nothing connected to the Freakduino. If the error mes-sage disappears, then its likely that some pins needed for radio communications (like the SPI pins) are also being used in the sketch. One of the main culprits of this issue is when a sketch uses the AUX LED on the board. The LED is standard on Arduinos but is unfor-tunately connected to the SCLK pin required by SPI. If the radio is going to be used, the AUX LED should not be used. Please see the “Compatibility” section of this document.

If the error message still shows with the example sketch, then there is likely a hardware problem. Please contact me through the FreakLabs website, email me at chris(at)freaklabs(dot)org, or post on the forums.

SchematicsSchematics can be found on the following page:


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CC

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RESET_NAREF

RESET_N

PB2/SSEL_N/OC1B

PB3/MO

SI/OC2A

PB4/MISO

PB1/OC1A

PB0/ICP1

PD2/INT0PD3/INT1/O

C2BPD4/T0PD5/T1/O

C0BPD6/O

C0A/AIN0PD7/AIN1

PC1/ADC1PC2/ADC2PC3/ADC3PC4/ADC4/SDAPC5/ADC5/SCL

PC0/ADC0

PB4/MISO

PB5/SCLKPB3/M

OSI/O

C2A

PB6/XTAL1/PCINT6

AREF

RESET_NPB5/SCLKPB4/M

ISOPB3/M

OSI/O

C2A

PB1/OC1A

PB0/ICP1

PC0/ADC0PC1/ADC1PC2/ADC2PC3/ADC3PC4/ADC4/SDAPC5/ADC5/SCL

PD0/RXDPD1/TXDPD2/INT0PD3/INT1/O

C2BPD4/T0PD5/T1/O

C0BPD6/O

C0A/AIN0PD7/AIN1

PB4/MISO

PB6/XTAL1/PCINT6

PD0/RXDPD1/TXD

RESET_N

PB3/MO

SI/OC2A

PB5/SCLK

PC3/ADC3

PC2/ADC2

RESET_N

DTR_N

PB5/SCLKPB5/SCLK

PB2/SSEL_N/OC1B

MISO

INT

VCC5_LED

PB5/SCLK

VCC3VCC5

VCC5

VCC_IN

VCC5

VCC5

VCC5

VCC3VCC5

VCC3VCC5

VCC5

VCC5

VCC5

MISO

MCU_RX

MCU_TX

RESET_N

MO

SI

SCLK

RADIO_RST_N

SLP_TR

RADIO_SEL_N

DTR_N

INT

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MCU

ISP CONNECTOR

LOGIC CONVERSION FOR 3.3V/5V INTERFACE

LED CONTROL - THIS MAKESIT POSSIBLE TO TURN OFFTHE LEDS. ESPECIALLYIMPORTANT WHEN RUNNING ONBATTERIES.

Reset has a pullup to VCC5 so thepulldown on the voltage dividershould be weaker

SLP_TR has a pullup on the radio side.When going to sleep mode, just set thisto be an input. That way, there's less static power drain.

R10330R10330

R1610kR1610k

S2PUSHBUTTO

N-DUAL/SMD2

S2PUSHBUTTO

N-DUAL/SMD2

126

345

C2322uF/6.3VC2322uF/6.3V

R21

10k

R21

10k

D1BLUED1BLUE

R1310k

R1310k

SW1

DIPSWITCH4/DIP

SW1

DIPSWITCH4/DIP

12 3

4

U4

ATMEG

A328-DIP

U4

ATMEG

A328-DIP

PC6/RESET1

PD0/RXD2

PD1/TXD3

PD2/INT04

PD3/INT1/OC2B

5PD4/T0

6

VCC 7GND8

PB6/XTAL1/TOSC1

9

PB7/XTAL2/TOSC2

10

PD5/T1/OC0B

11PD6/O

C0A/AIN012

PD7/AIN113

PB0/ICP114

PB1/OC1A

15PB2/SSEL/O

C1B16

PB3/MO

SI/OC2A

17PB4/M

ISO18

PB5/SCLK19

AVCC 20

AREF21

GND22

PC0/ADC023

PC1/ADC124

PC2/ADC225

PC3/ADC326

PC4/ADC4/SDA27

PC5/ADC5/SCL28

JP3

JP8/THRU

JP3

JP8/THRU

3 2 145678

C17

0.1 uF

C17

0.1 uF

H3H3X2

H3H3X2

12

34

56

R1330R1330

R19DNIR19DNI

R1215kR1215k

D4REDD4RED

R41k

R41k

R15DNIR15DNI

R2010k

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12N7002

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R25

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R25

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JP4

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JP4

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JP5

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JP5

JP8/THRU

3 2 145678

C240.1 uFC240.1 uF

R22DNIR22DNI

R1415kR1415k

R2410k

R2410k

R910kR910k

R51k

R51k

R2347kR2347k

R1110k

R1110k Q

22N7002Q

22N7002R18

15kR1815k

C140.1 uFC140.1 uF

C220.1 uFC220.1 uF

R1710k

R1710k

SW2

DIPSWITCH4/SO

SW2

DIPSWITCH4/SO

12 3

4


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C15

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55

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CC

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AA

AVDD

SCLKM

ISOM

OSI

TEST

RADIO_RST_N

XTAL1XTAL2

RFP

RFN

RFP_BAL

RFN_BAL

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SLP_TR

IRQ

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AVCC3

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AVCC3VCC3

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INT SCLKRADIO

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MISO

MO

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RADIO_RST_N

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RADIO

ANALOG AND DIGITAL GROUND WILL BE SEPARATEDWITH THE ONLY CONNECTION POINT BEINGUNDERNEATH THE RADIO.

R210k

R210k

C70.01 uF

C70.01 uFC55.6 pF

C55.6 pF

FB1

FB/0805

FB1

FB/0805

12C12

0.1 uF

C12

0.1 uF

C40.5 pF

C40.5 pF

C2012 pFC2012 pF

BLN1

LDB182G4510C-110

BLN1

LDB182G4510C-110

UNBAL1

NC2

GND

3BAL1

4

NC5

BAL26

C16

0.1 uF

C16

0.1 uF

U2

AT86RF230

U2

AT86RF230

RFP4

RFN5

TST7

RST8

DVSS9DVSS10

SLP_TR11

DVSS12

DVDD 13DVDD 14

DEVDD 15DVSS16

CLKM17

DVSS18

SCLK19

MISO

20

DVSS21

MO

SI22

SEL23

IRQ24

XTAL125

XTAL226

EVDD 28

AVDD 29

AVSS1AVSS2AVSS3AVSS6AVSS27AVSS30AVSS31AVSS32AVSS33

C1812 pFC1812 pF

L13.0 nH

L13.0 nH

12

ANT1SM

AANT1

SMA

11

GND2GND3

GND4GND5

C13

0.01 uF

C13

0.01 uF

GND

Y1

NX3225SA, 15PPM

GND

Y1

NX3225SA, 15PPM

124 3

C11

0.1 uF

C11

0.1 uF

R347k

R347k

C2DNI

C2DNI

C65.6 pF

C65.6 pF


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Page Title:

v1.1FR

EA

KD

UIN

O C

HIB

IA

25

Sunday, S

eptember 05, 2010

RE

SE

T/MIS

C

GND TESTPOINTS FOR DEBUGGING

H4

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1

H2

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H2

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1

H1

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H1

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1

JP6

1X2

JP6

1X2

21

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H5

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1


PCB LayoutPCB layout file order:

1. Mechanical Dimensions

2. Top Layer

3. Bottom Layer

4. Assembly Drawing - Silkscreen View

5. Assembly drawing - Reference Designator View


Bill of Materials

Quan-tity

Reference Manufac-turer

Part Number Description

1 ANT1 ChangHong SMA-02-113-TGG

RP-SMA Connector

1 BATT1 JST JST-XH2P 2-pin mated, polarized connector, male

1 BATT2 COMF BH321-1P 2-AA battery case

1BLN1 Murata LDB

182G4510C- 110

100 ohm diff/50 ohm single ended, 2.4 GHz, balun

9C1,C11,C12,C14, C15,C16, C17,C22, C24

Various 0.1uF/50V, 0603

3 C3,C10,C23 Various 22uF/6.3V, 0805, MLCC

1C4 Taiyo Yuden UVK-

105CH0R5BW-F

0.5 pF/50V, 0402, high freq

2 C5,C6 Taiyo Yuden UMK105C-G5R6DW-F

5.6 pF/50V, 0402, high freq

2 C7,C13 Various 0.01 uF/50V, 0603

1 C8 Various 100 uF/10V, Case-D, Tan-talum

2 C18,C20 Various 12 pF/50V, 0603

2 C19,C21 Various 100 uF/10V, Case-D, Tan-talum

1 D1 Various Blue LED, 08052 D2,D3 Various Green LED, 08051 D4 Various Red LED, 08051 D5 Various Schottky diode, 200 mA1 FB1 Various Ferrite Bead, 0805

1 H3 Various 3x2 Straight male header, 0.100”

2 JP3,JP5 Various 1x8 Straight female head-er, 0.100”

1 JP4, JP2 Various 1x6 Straight female head-er, 0.100”

1JP7 Various 1x3 Straight male header,

0.100”


Quan-tity

Reference Manufac-turer

Part Number Description

1 J1 4UCON 09558 USB Mini-AB connector

1 J2 4UCON 05537 DC Power Jack, 2.0 mm center conductor

1 L1 Abracon ATFC-0402-3N0-BT

3.0 nH, 0402, high freq

2 L2,L3 Various 47 uH inductor, 200 mA

2 Q1,Q2 Diodes, Inc 2N7002 N-channel enhancement FET

4 R1,R7,R8,R10 Various 330 ohms, 0805

14R2, R6, R9, R11, R13, R16, R17, R20, R21, R24, R25

Various 10 kohms, 0603

3 R12, R14, R18 Various 15 kohms, 08052 R3,R23 Various 47 kohms, 06032 R4,R5 Various 1 kohms, 06031 SW1 Various 2-input DIP switch1 S1 See-Plus SK-12D01-VG2 Right angle slide switch

1 S2 Various SMD SPST Tactile Switch/Pushbutton

1 U1 FTDI FT232RL USB to Serial Converter1 U2 Atmel AT86RF230 2.4 GHz, 802.15.4 radio1 U3 Holtek HT7750A 5V Boost Converter1 U4 Atmel ATMEGA328P AVR Microcontroller1 VR1 NJRC NJM2391-3.3 3.3V Regulator1 VR2 NJRC NJM2391- 5.0 5.0V Regulator1 Y1 NDK NX3225SA 16 MHz crystal, 15 ppm

freakduino-chibi v1.1 wireless arduino … v1.1 datasheet.pdf · freakduino-chibi v1.1b page 3 of...

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