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Technical KnowledgePublished PapersThe future of fracture assessmentLow Power Laser Surfi-SculptWet welding repairs (May 2006)Moving contact arc welding (March 1998)Fabricating LNG carriers (September 2006)Friction stir welding of aluminium alloysDevelopments in A-TIG welding (March 1998)Welding aluminium by laser (November 1996)Welding of titanium alloy risers (May 2000)Fatigue Life Prediction in Welded StructuresValidation of CIVA software (September 2005)The early days of laser cutting (August 2007)Advanced hybrid joining technology (June 2009)Sound field modelling using SimulUS (May 2008)The new age of pipeline inspection (July 2007)Avoiding PWHT - Can it be justified? (May 2005)Friction stir welding developments (April 2002)Performance of weldments in advanced 9%Cr steelLaser welding for plastic components (May 2002)Viewpoint - Value and Quality [robotic welding]Advanced joining techniques for the 21st centuryDigital Radiography - Is It for You? (July 2004)Mechanical testing of plastics welds (Sept 2002)Welding fume - Do you know your WEL? (July 2006)Welding technologies for polymers and compositesTransmission laser welding of plastics (May 2002)TWI: Corrosion, welds and pipelines. (March 1999)A review of plastic welding processes (March 2005)Advances in rail inspection technology (June 2005)Material selection for supercritical CO2 transportModelling of adhesively bonded joints (April 2001)Resistance welding - state of the art (March 2003)Computerising your welding information (April 2001)Reliable technical failure investigation (May 2005)Bonding plastics? Stuck for a solution? (April 2006)BS 7910: History and future developmentsCOMELD - An innovation in composite to metal joiningCreating a stir in the rail industryEvaluation of CrackFirst fatigue sensorsFriction stir welding of aluminium ships (June 2007)Hybrid joining - the best of both worlds (Sept 2002)Laser welding of thermoplastic materials (June 2001)Predicting adhesive joint life-times (February 2002)Recent Developments in Welding Technology (May 2006)The Medical Devices Faraday PartnershipAdhesive joining of metallic materials (October 1999)R-Curve Modelling with Constraint Effect? (July 2009)Welded aerospace structures pass the testFriction stir welding of magnesium alloys (March 2003)Friction welding of aero engine componentsShielding gases for arc welding and cutting (May 2001)Sustained load cracking in titanium alloys (July 2003)Validating the integrity for re-use of a land pipelineA competitive advantage through innovation (March 2001)European-sponsored NDT Research at TWI LtdModelling the radiography of thick-section welds (1999)Review of rail axle inspection methods (September 2003)Tandem MIG welding for improved productivity (May 2001)Industrial lasers and applications in automotive weldingInnovation in Materials Joining Technologies (July 2006)Laser welding automotive steel and aluminiumStructural integrity methods, where next? (October 2002)Fatigue design rules for welded structures (January 2000)Friction stir welding - tool developments (February 2001)Friction Stir Welding in Series Production (October 2004)The SINTAP fracture toughness estimation procedure (2000)Welding engineering knowledge on the Internet (July 2001)Foresight - Future trends in materials joining (June 2001)Resistance spot welding of high strength steels (May 2003)Emerging technologies for ceramic joining. (September 1998)Friction based welding technology for aluminium (July 2002)Friction stir welding of steel - a feasibility study (1999)J-fracture toughness of polymers at slow speed (March 2001)Modelling guided waves in complex structures - Part 1: RailPressure vessel corrosion damage assessment (November 2005)Some developments in the joining of light alloys (Nov.2001)Transition joints between dissimilar materials (April 2006)TWI: Corrosion, welds and pipelines - An update (July 2000)Dual-rotation Stir Welding - Preliminary trials (April 2004)Friction stir welding of titanium alloys - A progress updateHybrid laser/GMA welding of new land pipelines (August 2003)Advanced joining processes for repair in nuclear power plantsGlob top materials to chip on board componentsHydroprocessing reactor integrity: The basics (November 2004)The application of ultrasound to refine weld metal structuresThe potential of high power lasers in nuclear decommissioningThe use of power beams in surface modification (January 2007)Adaptively Controlled High Brightness Laser-Arc Hybrid WeldingCanister sealing for high level waste encapsulation (May 2001)Four decades of electron beam development at TWI (August 2006)Novel Techniques for Corner Joints Using Friction Stir WeldingThe feasibility of friction stir welding steel (February 1999)Weld modeling of thin structures with VFT software (July 2004)A review of the concept of mildly sour environments (June 1998)Environmental Lining Systems - Raising the Standards (May 2001)Novel technologies for repair and refurbishment (November 2006)Rotary friction welding of an Fe3Al based ODS alloy (July 2000)Sustained load cracking of titanium alloy weldments (June 2005)Taking fabrication management into the 21st century (June 2006)The laser alternative....to nuclear decommissioningThe weldability of vanadium-microalloyed steels (November 2000)Advances in welded creep resistant 9-12%Cr steels (October 2007)Fatigue life prediction for toe ground welded joints (July 2009)Material selection requirements for civil structures (July 2003)Demonstration of in-situ weld repair to a FPSO hull (August 2004)Developments in fusion welding of stainless steels (January 1994)Optimisation of resources for managing competing risks (May 2009)The reliability of radiography of thick section welds (July 1999)Welding and testing of thermoplastics tanks and pipes (June 2006)Corrosion of welded components in marine environments (April 2003)In the beginning ... [the history of laser cutting] (October 2002)In-line reciprocating friction stir welding of plastics (May 2007)Innovation and the Medical Devices Faraday Partnership (June 2005)Laser diode based vision system for viewing arc welding (May 2009)The effect of low H2S concentrations on welded steels (March 2000)ADIMEW Test: Assessment of a cracked dissimilar metal weld assemblyFriction stir welding - process variants - an update (October 2007)Laser welding of low-porosity aerospace aluminium alloyRecent trends in the implementation of EN 729 (ISO 3834) - May 2001Reliability of manually applied phased array inspection (June 2009)Risk based optimisation of inspection planning in ships (June 2010)Silsesquioxanes - Tailored multifunctional oligomers (October 2007)The importance of welding quality in ship construction (March 2009)The phased array inspection of friction stir welded aluminium plantValidation of arc welding equipment - revision of BS7570 (May 2001)Virtual fabrication technology (VFT) and shipbuildingBringing aerospace welding specifications up to standardEB welding of large components without a vacuum chamber (April 2007)Fatigue performance of riser girth welds for deep-water applicationsFriction welding of near net shape preforms in Ti-6Al-4V (June 2007)Management processes for innovation in joining technology (Nov.2001)Manufacturing with Lasers Developments and Opportunities (July 2004)Moving weld management from the desk to the desktop (September 1999)Process monitoring methods in laser welding of plastics (April 2006)Production of titanium deposits by Cold Gas Dynamic Spray (May 2005)Testing of superduplex stainless steel for sour service (March 2003)Trends in the design and fabrication of rolling stockWelding of Ti-6Al-4V with fibre delivered laser beams (October 2007)A review of adhesive bonding techniques for joining medical materialsA review of ball grid arrays for electronic assemblyIndustry survey of risk-based life management practices (August 2002)Laser welding of plastics - process selection software (October 2003)Modelling of time reversal focussing in straight pipes (October 2007)Radiography of thin-section welds, part 2: modelling (September 2002)TELETEST (R) Guided wave technology - case histories (September 2001)Ultrasonic phased array inspection of FSW lap joints (September 2004)Aero engine improvements through linear friction weldingCorrosion fatigue behaviour of welded risers and pipelines (June 2007)Development of a fatigue sensor for welded steel structures (May 2006)Development of HVOF sprayed aluminium alloy engine bearings (May 2003)Developments in the use of adhesives in industrial applications (2005)Materials processing with a 10kW Nd:YAG laser facility (November 1999)NOMAD - Autonomous manufacture of large steel fabrications (June 2002)Operational Excellence through an asset management optimisation systemPlume attenuation under high power Nd:YAG laser welding (October 2002)Trials using the Instrumented Indentation Technique (IIT) (March 2005)Welding new stainless steels for the oil and gas industry (March 2000)Development of corrosion resistant coatings by HVOF spraying (May 2000)Digital radiography for the inspection of small defects (February 2006)Evaluation of weld metal strength mismatch in X100 pipeline girth weldsFracture toughness estimation for pipeline girth welds (September 2002)Friction based technologies for joining and processing (September 2001)Reduced pressure electron beam welding in the power generation industryWelding and joining techniques for polymeric medical devicesA review of postweld heat treatment code exemption - Part 1 (March 2006)Development of the Trivex(TM) friction stir welding tool (February 2003)Hydrogen cracking - its causes, costs and future occurrence (March 1999)Performance Improvement through an Asset Maintenance Optimisation SystemHeat insulation and fire resistance using composite materials (June 1999)Modelling of Guided Ultrasonic Waves in Aircraft Wiring (September 2008) Overview of the European Fitnet fitness-for-service procedure (June 2008)Reliability of inspection for root flaws in riser girth welds (June 2004)Techniques for welding polymeric devices using laser sources (April 2003)Yb Fibre Laser/MAG Hybrid Processing for Welding of Pipelines (July 2005)Advanced welding processes for fusion reactor fabrication (September 1999)Corrosion fatigue of steel catenary risers in sweet production (June 2008)Enhancements to power beam welding processes for land transport (May 2004)Fracture mechanics assessment of flaws in pipeline girth welds (June 2006)Friction stir welding conquers austenitic stainless steels (November 2000)Laser-vapour interaction in high-power cw CO2 laser welding (October 2003)National and international qualifications for welding personnel (May 2005)Novel joining and sealing processes for solid oxide fuel cells (July 2002)Use of infrared dyes for transmission laser welding of plastics (May 2000)Application of extreme value analysis to corrosion mapping data (June 2009)Inspection reliability and periodicity for rail axle inspection (June 2006)Joining polyethersulphone to aluminium by ultrasonic welding (January 1999)Laser welding of aluminium alloys using different laser sources (June 1998)Magnesium joining - process developments and future requirements (May 2001)Nd:YAG laser welding of titanium alloys using a directed gas jet (May 2010)New Advances in Plastics Joining for High Speed Production (September 2001)Re-evaluation of fatigue curves for flush ground girth welds (October 2008)The fibre laser - a newcomer for material welding and cutting (August 2005)The Generation Of Autogeneous Surface Features Using A Low Power Laser BeamAssessment of flaw significance in a pipeline weld - a case study (May 2000)Friction stir welding - how to weld aluminium without melting it (May 2001) Friction stir welding - invention, innovations and applications (March 2001)Steeling the competitive edge: is there a place for robots?The development of lightweight self-piercing riveting equipment (March 2001)Training and Certification in Long Range Ultrasonic Testing (September 2008)A general review of recent developments in resistance welding (November 2002)Assessing toughness levels for steels to determine the need for PWHT - Part 2Autogenous Nd:YAG laser welding of 6mm thick dissimilar steels (October 2001)FPSO Structural integrity - a TWI collection of case studies (September 2004)Friction stir weld integrity and its importance to the rolling stock industryFriction stir welders provide prefabricated components and panels (July 2004)Hybrid Nd:YAG laser/gas metal arc welding for new land pipelines (March 2002)Laser-vapour interaction in high-power cw Nd:YAG laser welding (October 2003)Long-range ultrasonic testing (LRUT) of pipelines and piping (September 2004)Radiography of thin-section welds, part 4: Further modelling (September 2004)Solid state joining of metals by linear friction welding: A literature reviewActivating Flux - Improving the Performance of the TIG Process (February 2000)Effects of plastic strain on cleavage fracture predictions in steel (Dec.2001)Evaluation of necessary delay before inspection for hydrogen cracks (May 2001)Fibre lasers for surface removal of contaimated concrete in the nuclear sectorFinite Element Residual Stress Prediction After Pwht Of Branch-Pipe ConnectionRadiography of Thin Section Welds, Part 1: Practical Approach (September 2002)The simultaneous use of two or more friction stir welding tools (January 2005)Friction stir welding and related friction process characteristics (April 1998)Friction Stir Welding for the fabrication of aluminium rolling stock (May 2008)Laser and Hybrid Laser MAG Welding of Thick Section C-Mn Steel (September 2005)Modelling of long range ultrasonic waves in complex structures (September 2008)Nd:YAG Laser welding of a stiffened panel demonstration component (August 2001)Plastics welding and adhesive bonding - Innovative applications (November 2000)Resistance seam and laser welding of large hybrid metal packagesSignal processing for quality assurance in friction stir weldsThe significance of softened HAZs in high strength structural steels (May 2003)Welding supermartensitic stainless steels for corrosive service (November 2007)Achieving low-porosity laser welds in aerospace aluminium alloyFriction stir welding: invention, innovations and industrialisation (March 2002)Novel joining methods applicable to textiles and smart garments (September 2005)Novel joining techniques for repair in the power generation industry (June 2002)The special importance of personnel competence in welding fabrication (May 2009)Adaptively controlled hybrid welding using a high brightness laser (October 2010)Application of friction stir welding in the shipbuilding industryCritical review of joining processes for powder metallurgy parts (September 2008)Electron beam welding of crack sensitive nickel super alloy MAR-M-002 (July 2006)Energy absorbing joints between fibre reinforced plastics and metals (April 2006)Friction and forge welding processes for the automotive industry (September 1999)Low-porosity laser welding of 12.7mm thickness aerospace aluminiumModelling of crashworthy welded joints of aluminium railway carbodiesProgramme of mitigation for in-service damage of FPSO hull structures (June 2001)Quality requirements for an FPSO hull and marine piping fabrication (August 2004)Review of the effect of hydrogen gas on fatigue performance of steels (June 2010)Yb-Fibre laser single sided tube cutting for nuclear decommissioning applicationsCorrosion fatigue of simulated C-mn steel HAZs in sour produced fluids (June 2008)FSW process variants and mechanical properties (July 2004)Laser and hybrd laser-MAG welding of steel structures for shipbuilding (June 2007)Overview of recent welding-related pipeline technology advances at TWI (June 2008)Railway rolling stock manufacturers implement friction stir welding (October 2002)Review of statistical methods used in quantifying NDT reliabilitySpectroscopic studies of plume/plasma in different gas environments (October 2001)The resistance spot welding of high and ultra-high strength steels (November 2004)Validation of fracture assessment procedures through full-scale testing (May 2008)Validation of idealised Charpy impact energy transition curve shape (October 2001)Detection of corrosion in offshore risers using guided ultrasonic waves (June 2007)Hydrogen cracking of ferritic-austenitic stainless steel weld metal (February 2000)Industrialisation of friction stir welding for aerospace structuresPD 6493 becomes BS 7910; what's new in fracture and fatigue assessment? (June 1999)Remote crack repair welding in steels using high power Nd:YAG lasers (October 2000)Structure/property relationships in polyetheretherketone vibration welds (May 1999)Surfi-Sculpt - Revolutionary surface processing with an electron beam (August 2005)The influence of vanadium-microalloying on the weldability of steels (October 2001)The use of bobbin tools for friction stir welding of aluminium alloys (August 2009)Coatings for offshore applications by high velocity wire flame spraying (April 2005)Comeld - A New approach to damage control for composite to metal joints (April 2005)Laser welding of ultra-high strength steels for automotive applications (April 2008)Mechanical Properties of Friction Welds in High Strength Titanium Alloys (June 1999)Which procedures for fitness-for-service assessment: API 579 or BS 7910? (July 2003)Analysis of crack arrest event in NESC-1 spinning cylinder experiment (November 2002)Application studies using through-transmission laser welding of polymers (April 2006)Eddy current and thermography application for robotic aircraft inspection (July 2002)Independent qualification of phased array inspection of fillet welds (September 2002)Laser sealing of plastics for medical devicesStatic and fatigue behaviour of spot welded 5182-0 aluminium alloy sheet (March 1999)Adhesive shear properties - development of a simplified test specimen (September 2002)An investigation into arc constriction by active fluxes for TIG (A-TIG) welding (2000)Corrosion damage assessment and burst test validation of 8in x 52 linepipe (July 2001)Corrosion fatigue performance of welded risers for deepwater applications (March 2004)Heat affected zone microstructures in supermartensitic stainless steels (October 2002)Influence of spraying parameters on the properties of HVOF alumina coatings (May 2005)Significance of liquation cracks in thick section welds in Al-Mg-Si plate (April 1998)Static shoulder friction stir welding of Ti-6Al-4V; process and evaluation (June 2007)The application of finite element modelling to guided wave testing systems (July 2002)The special importance of personnel competence in welding fabricationA new technique for girth welds in land pipelines: hybrid laser-arc welding (June 2003)A novel polymeric coating for enhanced ultrasound imaging of medical devicesCondition monitoring of large structures using piezoelectric transducers (October 2007)Loading rate effects on tensile properties and fracture toughness of steel (April 1999)Review of fatigue assessment procedures for welded aluminium structures (December 2003)Risk-based inspection and maintenance - industry feedback and user needs (October 2002)A review of K-solutions for through-thickness flaws in cylinders and spheres (July 2007)Correlation of phased array inspection and fatigue performance of FSW joints (June 2007)Design of pipelines subject to lateral buckling to resist corrosion fatigue (March 2009)Friction stir welding - recent developments in tool and process technologies (July 2003)Information technologies and their influence on joining and constructionModelling and measurements for the assessment of a full scale pipe bend test (July 2007)Radiography of thin section welds, Part 3: Additional Flaw Measurements (September 2004)Recent developments & applications in electron beam and friction technologies (May 2001)The prediction of maximum HAZ hardness in C-Mn and low alloy steel arc welds (June 2008)A review of joining processes for packaging with plastics (May 1999 + Addendum July 2001)Advanced transducer development for Long Range Ultrasonic inspection systemsApplication of friction stir welding for the manufacture of aluminium ferries (May 2000) Application of innovative welding methods to prefabricate aluminium panels (October 2004)Constraint loss in welds due to geometry, loading mode and strength mismatchCorrosion fatigue of welded stainless steels for deepwater riser applications (June 2005)Development of Nd:Yag Laser-MAG hybrid welding of T joints for shipbuildingDevelopment of the laser/MAG hybrid welding process for land pipeline constructionHybrid Nd:YAG Laser-AC MIG welding of thin section automotive aluminium alloy (June 2006)Hydrogen induced stress cracking of duplex stainless steel subsea components (June 2010)Joining technology for high volume manufacturing of lightweight vehicle structuresRecommended hot-spot stress design S-N curves for fatigue assessment of FPSOs (June 2001)A review of the effect of cold-work on resistance to sulphide stress cracking (March 2007)A thermal method for surface crack detection in metals with high lift-off (September 2004)Friction Stir Welding - Process Variants and Recent Industrial Developments (October 2007)Long range inspection of engineering assets using guided ultrasonic waves (September 2008)Subsea dissimilar joints: Failure mechanisms and opportunities for mitigation (March 2009)A novel polymeric coating for enhanced ultrasound visibility of medical devicesAn Introduction to Surfi-Sculpt Technology - New Opportunities, New Challenges (April 2007)Assessment of Dissimilar Metal Interfaces for Sub-Sea Application under Cathodic ProtectionComparison of the ASME, BS and CEN fatigue design rules for pressure vessels (October 2003)Detection of fouling in food pipelines using Long Range Ultrasonic Testing (September 2009)Experimental study and prediction of fatigue crack growth in girth welded pipes (June 2002)Hybrid Nd:YAG laser-MAG welding of thick section steel with adaptive control (October 2004)Integrity of FPSO [floating production storage and offloading] hull structures (March 2000)Integrity of reduced pressure electron beam girth welds for deep water pipelines (May 2004)Making the link - Effective joining technology for aluminium in the 21st Century (May 2006)Novel method of recording cooling curves during laser & laser/arc hybrid welding (May 2003)Recent developments in friction stir welding of thick section aluminium alloys (March 2007)The evolution of Yb fibre laser/MAG hybrid processing for welding of pipelines (June 2005) Use of supermartensitic stainless steel pipe for offshore flowline applications (June 2006)Development of thermal sprayed plain bearings for automotive engine applications (July 2006)Ferric chloride testing for weld procedure qualification of duplex stainless steel weldmentsHydrogen embrittlement stress corrosion cracking of superduplex stainless steel (March 2001)Investigation of the A-TIG Mechanism and the Productivity Benefits in TIG Welding (May 2009)Preferential weld corrosion: Effects of weldment microstructure and composition (April 2005)The prediction of maximum HAZ hardness in various regions of multiple pass welds (June 2008)Long term monitoring of offshore installations using ultrasonic guided waves (September 2008)Reliability analysis of defect-containing structures using partial safety factors (June 2009)Structural integrity with Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD) ultrasonic inspection (July 2005)The potential for solid state welding of titanium pipe in offshore industries (November 1997)Corrosion mitigation in biomass combustion plant using thermal spray coatings (September 2009)Development of a permanent installation tool for structural health monitoring (September 2008)Immersion Transmit-Receive Longitudinal phased array probe for stainless steel (December 2008)Priority areas for welding, joining and associated engineering research in Europe (April 2002)Progress in friction stir welding of aluminium and steel for marine applications (October 2003)Recent Developments in Welding Inspection Certification (including developments in EWF and IIW)Trends in welding processes in engineering construction for infrastructure projectsComparison of long-term and short-term tests for electrofusion joints in PE pipes (October 2006)Condition monitoring of large oil and chemical storage tanks using guided waves (September 2004)Environment assisted cracking assessment methods: The behaviour of shallow cracks (October 2007)Interim fatigue design recommendations for fillet welded joints under complex loading (May 2001)Towards a simplified assessment procedure for corroded nozzles in pressure vessels (August 1999)Development of laser, and laser/arc hybrid welding for land pipeline applications (February 2003)Friction Stir Welding - Process variants and developments in the automotive industry (April 2006)Laser and hybrid laser-MIG welding of 6.35 and 12.7mm thick aluminium aerospace alloyModelling guided waves in complex structures - Part 2: Wire bundles - with and without insulationThe corrosion behaviour of high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) sprayed Ni-Cr-Si-B coatings (March 2002)Three-dimensional robotic high-power Nd:YAG laser welding: Opportunities and obstacles (May 2001)Development and evaluation of CO2 laser-MAG hybrid welding for DH36 shipbuilding steelFriction stir technology - recent developments in process variants and applications (October 2006)New developments in ultrasound phased array for the evaluation of friction stir welds (March 2003)Sulphide stress cracking of welded joints in weldable martensitic stainless steels (February 2001)A new method of laser beam induced surface modification using the Surfi-Sculpt process (April 2008)Compilation of stress intensity factor and load limit solutions for the Fitnet procedure (May 2008)Emerging friction joining technology for stainless steel and aluminium applications (February 1996)Extending the internal examination intervals for pressure vessels using an RBI approach (July 2009)HVOF sprayed WC-Co-Cr as a generic coating type for replacement of hard chrome plating (March 2002)Microstructure & properties of autogenous high-power Nd:YAG laser welds in C-Mn steels (April 2002)Microstructure characteristics and corrosion behaviour of HVOF sprayed metallic coatings (May 2001)Sour service limits of dual-certified 316/316L austenitic stainless steel and weldments (March 2010)Stress corrosion cracking of ferritic steel weld metal - the effect of nickel. Part 1 (January 1982)Techniques for improving the weldability of trip steel using resistance spot welding (December 2005)Battle of the sources - using a high-power Yb-fibre laser for welding steel and aluminium (July 2005)Battle of the Sources - Using a high-power Yb-fibre laser for welding steel and aluminium (June 2005)Effects of different gas environments on CO2 and Nd:YAG laser welding process efficiencies (May 2002)Healthy Aims - Development of Implantable Microsystems Medical DevicesStress corrosion cracking of ferritic steel weld metal - the effect of nickel. Part 2 (February 1982)The Potential of High Power Lasers for Tube Cutting and Concrete Scabbling in Nuclear DecommissioningCase studies on ECA-based flaw acceptance criteria for pipe girth welds using BS 7910:2005 (June 2007)Probabilistic remnant life assessment of corroding pipelines within a risk-based framework (July 2002)Requirements for the European education of railway track welders in aluminothermic welding (June 2006)Ultrasonic phased array inspection technology for the evaluation of friction stir welds (January 2004)Welding of structural steel components with high power, fibre delivered Nd:YAG lasers (September 2003)Autonomous Manufacture of Large Steel Fabrications EC Contract: G1RD-CT-2000-00461 'NOMAD' (March 2004)Comparison of methods for predicting the influence of residual stresses on brittle fracture (July 2007)Pipeline Corrosion Control: a historical perspective and a long range approach to the future (May 2007)The effects of steel composition on the laser cut edge quality of carbon and C-Mn steelsAgeing of adhesively bonded joints - fracture and failure analysis using video imaging techniques (2001)Improved corrosion performance of AZ91D magnesium alloy coated with the Keronite process (February 2002)Investigation of fatigue damage to welded joints under variable amplitude loading spectra (January 2008)Laser surface modification of polymers to enhance adhesion part II - PEEK, APC-2, LCP and PA (May 2000) Process developments enabling more effective joining of medical devicesThe evaluation of root defects in FSW by 'through-hole' impact testing - preliminary studies (July 2005)Welds, their quality and inspection capability for high integrity structures and components (April 1999)A brief review of recent developments in laser welding processes for ferritic pipe steelsAn exploratory investigation of Nd:YAG laser welding in high pressure gaseous environments (October 2003)Effect of intermetallic content on pitting resistance of ferritic-austenitic stainless steelsIs your decision to extend a pressure vessel internal examination interval properly justified? (May 2009)Development and implementation of innovative joining processes in the automotive industry (September 2005)NZ Fabricators begin to use Friction Stir Welding to produce aluminium components and panels (August 2006)Resistance of dissimilar joints between steel and nickel alloys to hydrogen-assisted cracking (March 2008)Susceptibility to SOHIC for Linepipe and Pressure Vessel Steels - Review of Current Knowledge (March 2007)The effect of strain on the susceptibility of pipeline girth welds to sulfide stress cracking (April 2005)Thermal stresses measurement of solder joints in BGA packages: theoretical and experimental (November 2008)Using wide plate test results to improve predictions from probabilistic fracture mechanics (September 2000)The use of advanced thermal spray processes for corrosion protection in marine environments (September 2003)A new statistical local criterion for cleavage fracture in steel. Part I - Model presentation (February 2005)A practical approach to risk based assessment and maintenance optimisation of offshore wind farmsDevelopment of girth weld flaw assessment procedures for pipelines subjected to plastic straining (July 2007)Disbonding of austenitic stainless steel cladding following high temperature hydrogen service (February 2007)Improved corrosion resistant coatings prepared using a modified diamond jet HVOF spraying systemComparison of API 1104 Appendix A and BS 7910 Procedures for the Assessment of Girth Weld Flaws (October 2009)Hybrid laser-MAG welding procedures and weld properties in 4mm, 6mm and 8mm thickness C-Mn steelsIn-process weld quality monitoring of laser and hybrid laser-arc fillet welds in 6-12mm C-Mn steel (June 2007)Inspection engineers require new FFS competencies: Illustrations from a pressure vessel failure (January 2005)Optimisation of plasma control parameters for Nd:YAG laser welding of stainless steel enclosuresCorrosion fatigue of welded C-Mn steel risers for deepwater applications: a state of the art review (June 2005)Intensive validation of computer prediction of welding residual stresses in a multi-pass butt weld (June 2010) High quality and productivity joining processes and procedures for titanium risers and flowlines (February 1999)Hydrogen embrittlement of 8630M/625 subsea dissimilar joints: Factors that influence the performance (June 2009)Phased array scanning of artificial and impact damage in carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP)The potential of high power lasers for tube cutting and concrete scabbling in nuclear decommissioningAssessment of a new, completely controlled, IR welding system using statistically designed experiments (May 2000)Development of a comprehensive in-line quality control system for printed circuit board assemblies (October 2007)Friction stir welding - a competitive new joining option for aluminium rolling stock manufacturersEmploying the focussing of ultrasonic guided waves for the in-situ non-destructive testing of pipes (October 2005)A risk based approach to maintenance optimisation of business critical railway structures/equipmentCondition Monitoring of Large Oil and Chemical Storage Tanks Using Long Range Ultrasonic Testing (LRUT) (June 2005)Optimisation of plasma/plume control for high power Nd:YAG laser welding of 15mm thickness C-Mn steelsStress based design guidelines for hydrogen induced stress cracking (HISC) avoidance in duplex materials (May 2009)The Influence of Ti, Al and Nb on the toughness and creep rupture strength of grade 92 steel weld metal (April 2007)Quantification of residual stress effects in the SINTAP defect assessment procedure for welded components (July 1999)The corrosion behaviour of HVOF sprayed stainless steel and nickel alloy coatings in artificial seawaterA review of the development and application of laser and laser-arc hybrid welding in european shipbuildingMechanical testing and characterisation of a steel adherend bonded using an automotive grade epoxy adhesive (May 2001)Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Crack Growth in Dissimilar Joints for Corrosion Resistant Applications (September 2008)An investigation into the effect of weld strength mismatch on the assessment of HAZ fracture toughness (September 2002)Effect of hydrogen and strain rate on superduplex stainless steel weld metal fracture toughness and fracture morphology Review and assessment of fatigue data for offshore structural components containing through-thickness cracks (June 2008)Deformation pattern based digital image correlation method and its application to residual stress measurement (July 2009)Development of an automated optical imaging system for non destructive testing of printed circuit boards (September 2006)Editorial by Steve J Maddox on friction stir welded joints from a special issue of International Journal of Fatigue, 2003External hardness limits for welds in cathodically protected C-Mn steel pipelines carrying sour products (September 2000)Corrosion behavior of an HVOF-sprayed Fe3Al coating in a high-temperature oxidizing/sulfidizing environment (October 2004)Effect of intermetallic phases on environmental cracking resistance of superduplex weld metal in sour media (October 2000)Polymer coated material (PCM) joining technology for manufacture and repair of dissimilar material structures (March 1999)Qualification of Nd:YAG laser direct metal deposition techniques for repair of nickel superalloy components (October 2006)Understanding and avoiding intergranular stress corrosion cracking of welded supermartensitic stainless steel (March 2007)Microstructural quantification, modeling and array ultrasonics to improve the inspection of austenitic weldsApplication and verification of the SINTAP fracture toughness estimation procedure for welds and parent materials (July 1999)Avoiding hydrogen embrittlement stress cracking of ferritic austenitic stainless steels under cathodic protection (June 2004)Development of an in-line X-ray system for automated inspection of defects in PCB assemblies containing BGAs (September 2006)Postweld heat treatment to avoid intergranular stress corrosion cracking of supermartensitic stainless steels (November 2005)Prediction of creep crack growth properties of P91 parent and welded steel using remaining failure strain criteria (June 2009)A Temperature controlled mechanical test facility to ensure safe materials performance in hydrogen at 1000 bar (September 2007)An assessment of the welding performance of high-brightness lasers and a comparison with in-vacuum electron beams (October 2008)FEA investigations into the effects of geometry and tensile properties on J and CTOD in standard fracture specimens (October 200Effect of intermetallic phases on corrosion resistance of superduplex and superaustenitic stainless steel weldmentsLocal approach predictions of fracture toughness behaviour in real multi pass welds using thermal simulation specimensA comparison of the gap bridging capability of CO2 laser and hybrid CO2 laser MAG welding on 8mm thickness C-MN steel plate (JulA new statistical local criterion for cleavage fracture in steel. Part II - Application to an offshore structural steelCalculation of stress intensity factors corresponding to standard residual stress profiles for common weld joint geometries (JulFracture assessment of through-wall and surface cracked pipes by BS 7910 and API 579 assessment procedures-a comparative studyThe effect of spot size and laser beam quality on welding performance when using high-power continuous wave solid-state lasers (Analysis of cross-correlation and wavelet de-noising for the reduction of the effects of dispersion in long-range ultrasonic tesResistance welding toolkit - A computer knowledge base, covering design and manufacturing considerations for resistance spot welEngineering critical analyses to BS 7910 - the UK guide on methods for assessing the acceptability of flaws in metallic structurThe effect of composition on microstructural development and toughness of weld metals for advanced high temperature 9-13%Cr steeThe feasibility of using piezoelectric transducers to generate and detect microscopic structural vibrations for monitoring storaAn experiment to show the feasibility of condition monitoring above ground storage tank walls by modal testing with piezoelectriEvaluation of the phased array Transmit-Receive Longitudinal and Time of Flight Diffraction techniquesSome preliminary evaluations of black coating on aluminium AA2219 alloy produced by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) process The effect of average powder particle size on deposition efficiency, deposit height and surface roughness in the direct metal laCharacteristics and electrochemical corrosion behaviour of thermal sprayed aluminium (TSA) coatings prepared by various wire theIn-line reciprocating friction stir welding of plastics / Ruhrreibschweissen von Plastik mit einer vibrierenden Vorwarts- und RuAn experiment to investigate the feasibility of using piezoelectric transducers to monitor corrosion damage in storage tanks witBackground to requirements for the prevention of brittle fracture in the European standards for unfired pressure vessels (prEN 1GermanItalianDevelopments in micro applications of friction stir weldingModelling and validation of a ceramic/metal joining technique for power electronic applicationsEffects of Strain Rate and Microstructure on Fracture Toughness of Duplex Stainless Steels under Hydrogen Charging ConditionsFatigue performance of sour deepwater riser welds: crack growth vs. enduranceAssessment of Flaws in Pipe Girth WeldsProgress Towards The Revision Of BS 7910Differences In The Assessment Of Plastic Collapse In BS 7910: 2005 And R6/Fitnet FFS ProceduresFracture Mechanics Techniques for Assessing the Effects of Hydrogen on Steel PropertiesNovel Control of Weld Metal Hydrogen Cracking in the Welding of Thick SteelsDevelopment and Qualification of Welding Procedures and Inspection Methodology for In-service WeldingManufacturing of welded joints with realistic defectsThe History of BS 7910 Flaw Interaction CriteriaRevised Guidance on Residual Stresses in BS7910Infrared thermography as a non-destructive tool for materials characterisation and assessmentThe effects of loadings on welding residual stresses and assessment of fracture parameters in a welding residual stress fieldWelding Of Hydrogen Charged Steel For Modification Or RepairInvestigation Of Weld Repair Without Post-Weld Heat Treatment For P91The Effect Of Metal Transfer Modes On Welding Fume Emission In MIG/MAG WeldingCrack front straightness qualification in SENT specimensSelection of materials for high pressure CO2 transportDevelopment of ultrasonic phased array inspection of polyethylene pipe jointsValidation of Methods to Determine CTOD from SENT specimensDevelopment of an automated scanner and phased array ultrasonic testing technique for the inspection of nozzle weldsComparison between ASME and RCC-M requirements for welding and NDTCorrosion testing of HVOF coatings in high temperature environments for biomass applicationsImproved Coatings for Extended Design Life of 22%Cr Duplex Stainless Steel in Marine Environments Increasing the tolerance to fit-up gap using hybrid laser-arc welding and adaptive control of welding parametersFatigue testing of full-scale girth welded pipes under variable amplitude loadingEffective design of electron beam processing systems by trendingCRA Weld Overlay - Influence of welding process and parameters on dilution and corrosion resistanceEvaluation of residual stresses in steel-to-nickel dissimilar jointsFinite Element Prediction of the Residual Stresses in a Branch-Pipe Connection after Local Post-Weld Heat-TreatmentImage Processing Using The Smartscope M5 For Early Diagnosis Of Human Skin Damage Due To Type 2 Diabetes MellitusShielding Gas Selection for Controlled Dip Transfer (Short Arc)WeldingMonitoring fatigue crack growth in subsea threaded components using ultrasonic phased array techniquesThe Effect of Inclusions on the Fracture Toughness of Local brittle zones in the HAZ of Girth Welded Line PipeSpecimen geometry and size effects on the creep crack growth behaviour of P91 weldmentsCreep Crack Growth Prediction of Very Long Term P91 Steel Using Extrapolated Short-Term Uniaxial Creep DataCTOD and pipelines the past, present and futureDevelopment of a British Standard single edge notch tension (SENT) test method (BS8571)Measuring the crack growth rate (da/dt) of a fatigue crack using phased array ultrasonicsCorrosion Testing of Weldable 13%Cr Supermartensitic Stainless Steel for Weld Procedure Overview of BS7910:2013The history of BS 7910 flaw interactionReview of type IV cracking of weldments in 9 12%Cr creep strength enhanced ferritic steelsApproaches for Determining Limit Load and Reference Stress for Circumferential Embedded Flaws in Pipe Girth WeldsNumerical investigations of friction stir welding Flaw Tolerance Of Pipelines Containing Circumferential Flaws Subjected To Axial Straining And Internal Pressure TestsComparison of Approaches to Design Fatigue Assessment With Reference to a Pressure Vessel Designed to an Old StandardThe use of high brightness fibre delivered laser beams for size reductionDevelopment of the BS 7910 failure assessment diagram for strain based design with application to pipelinesEstimating long-endurance fatigue strength of girth-welded pipes using local stress approachTechniques for determining the effect of a sour environment on fracture toughness of steelMeasurement and modelling of residual stresses in offshore circumferential weldsEnvironment-Induced Cracking In Weld Joints In Subsea Oil And Gas Systems Part IIFusion Zone Microstructure Associated With Embrittlement Of Subsea Dissimilar JointsEnvironmentInduced Cracking In Weld Joints In Subsea Oil And Gas Systems Part IEffects of Mechanical Loading on Residual Stress and Fracture: Part II: Validation of the BS 7910:2013 RulesEffects of Mechanical Loading on Residual Stress and Fracture: Part I: Background to the BS 7910:2013 RulesEvaluation of ultrasonic phased array and laser optical techniques for inspection of the root and hot pass in girth weldsRelating NDT Data To Mechanical Performance Loss In Impact-Damaged CompositesPAUT Inspection of Complex Shaped Composite Materials through 6 DOFs Robotic ManipulatorsCoping with failed elements on an array: a modelling approach to the technical justificationNew approaches to assuring the integrity of pipelines and risersEstimation of probability of detection curves based on theoretical simulation of the inspection processRobotic Path Planning for Non-Destructive Testing of Complex Shaped SurfacesNumerical analysis of contact stresses between mooring chain links and potential consequences for fatigue damageNovel Induction Heating Technique for Joining of Carbon Fibre CompositesTop of Form. > Technical Knowledge > Published Papers > Demonstration of in-situ weld repair to a FPSO hull (August 2004) Share: Printer Friendly VersionDemonstration of in-situ weld repair to a FPSO hullD J Abson and H G PisarskiPaper presented at Proceedings of OMAE-FPSO 2004, OMAE Specialty Symposium on FPSO Integrity, Houston, USA, 30 Aug - 2 Sept 2004.AbstractIf repair to the underside of an FPSO becomes necessary, economic considerations require that, if at all possible, repair be carried out with the FPSO remaining on station. Any repair of defects in the bottom of an FPSO must therefore be effected underwater. The preferred approach is to attach an enclosed dam to the underside of the vessel, pump out the water and then complete the repair from the inside. However, where the risk of fire or explosion orballast considerations require, it may be necessary to complete the welded repair from inside the vessel by wet underwater welding.This paper describes how weld repairs can be effected by the attachment of such a dam, and grinding, to simulate the removal and welded repair of a through-wall fatigue crack by wet underwater welding. The integrity and mechanical properties of these welds are discussed.IntroductionIn view of the interruption to supply that would accompany taking an FPSO off-station, and moving it to a dry dock, a repair will normally be carried out with the vessel on-station. For a repair to the bottom of an FPSO, the preferred approach will generally be to attach an enclosed dam to the underside of the vessel, drain it from inside, so that the damaged region can be repaired in the dry, prior to removing the dam. Where circumstances permit, the repair from the inside can be effected by welding in air. However, for safety or ballast considerations, it may be necessary to carry out the repair by welding under water from inside the hull.This paper describes a demonstration of single-sided repair, appropriate to a repair following gouging and grinding to remove a through-wall crack in the bottom of an FPSO. The repair welds were made both by welding in air and bywet underwater welding. The paper also considers their inspection and mechanical testing. Also included is a demonstration of the attachment of an enclosed dam to the underside of a plate that simulated the bottom of an FPSO. In this case, a butt weld was deposited, simulating the repair of a gouged through-thickness crack.Experimental approachParent SteelsThe 20mm thick steel plate met the requirements of DNV 27S and LRS Grade D. This plate will be referred to as 'ship plate' in this paper. Parallel to the rolling direction, it had a yield strength of 293MPa and tensile strength of458MPa. An additional 20mm thick plate, to ASTM A516 Grade I, was also used. The chemical composition of these plates is given in Table 1.

Table 1 Chemical analysis of the parent steels and backing barsIdentityElement, wt%

CSiMnPSCrMoNiAlCuNbTiV

Ship plate DNV 27S0.150.210.960.0190.0060.018