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Foundations ofModern Nursing

Routledge Library Editions

Routledge Library Editions re-issue volumes from the distinguished

and extensive backlist of many imprints associated with Routledge

in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries: Kegan Paul, Trench &

Trubner, Routledge & Kegan Paul, Methuen, Allen & Unwin and

Routledge itself. Focusing mainly (but not exclusively) on the

Humanities and Social Sciences, Routledge Library Editions offer

the individual as well as the institutional purchaser the opportunity

to acquire volumes by some of the greatest thinkers and authors of

the last 120 years either on a title-by-title basis or as carefully

selected mini-sets or extensive ‘libraries’ of 50+ volumes.


The Foundations of Modern Nursing inAmerica: 8-Volume SetThe Foundations of Modern Nursing in America reprints adistinguished selection of important texts published in thisfield over the last century, authored by some of the mosteminent names in nursing including Lavinia Dock (Secretaryfor the Council of Nurses for over twenty years), AdelaideNutting (the first ever professor of nursing), Clara Weeks-Shaw, Darlene Clark Hine, and Susan Reverby. The collectiondeals with issues such as the education and training ofnurses, hospital management, the history of anesthesia, andissues of race and ethics in the nursing profession.

Exclusive to Edition Synapse in JapanJanuary 2009: 246x174: 4,096ppHb: 978-0-415-47821-2: £995.00 US $2100.00

Foundations of Modern Nursing MW 27/11/08 15:30 Page 3

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ALSO AVAILABLE FROM ROUTLEDGE LIBRARY EDITIONS

Charles Dickens: 10-Volume Set

This small collection of books originally published over sixty years brings back into print some valuable works.As well as examining the art of Dickens writing, the emphasis is on the social and political background of histimes and the influence this had on his work.This set forms a carefully selected body of critical work on CharlesDickens and places his work against the literary, historical, social and economic background of its day.

Routledge Library Editions: Charles Dickens: 10-Volume SetEdited by John Butt, Kathleen Tillotson, Louis Cazamian, A. O. J. Cockshut, Michael Cotsell, Martin Fido,John Gross, Gabriel Pearson, Arthur L. Hayward, N. M. Lary and Sylvère MonodJanuary 2009: 246x174: 2,456ppSet Hb: 978-0-415-43595-6: £750.00

Selected Contents: Volume I: Dickens at Work John Butt and Kathleen Tillotson 1. Dickens asa Serial Novelist 2. Sketches by Boz: Collection and Revision 3. From Sketches to Novel:Pickwick Papers 4. Barnaby Rudge: The First Projected Novel 5. Dombey and Son: Designand Execution 6. David Copperfield Month by Month 7. The Topicality of Bleak House 8. Hard Times: The Problems of a Weekly Serial 9. From "Nobody’s Fault" to Little DorritVolume II: The Social Novel in England, 1830-1850 Louis Cazamian translated by MartinFido 1. The Rise of Individualism 2. The Utilitarian Novel 3. Idealism and the InterventionistReaction 4. Dickens: the Philosophy of Christmas 5. Implicit Social Comment in Dickens’Novels 6. Disraeli: Social Toryism 7. Mrs Gaskell and Christian Interventionism 8. Kingsley:Christian Socialism Volume III: The Imagination of Charles Dickens A. O. J. Cockshut1. Introductory 2. Humour, Positive and Negative 3. The Expanding Prison 4. Reform andIndignation 5. Crowds and Justice 6. Fruitful Failure 7. Dombey and Son 8. DavidCopperfield 9. Bleak House 10. Hard Times – Dickens’ Masterpiece? 11. Little Dorrit 12. Great Expectations 13. Our Mutual Friend 14. Conclusion Volume IV: The Companionto Our Mutual Friend Michael Cotsell 1. Introduction 2. How to Use the Notes 3. The Notes4. The Illustrations to Our Mutual Friend 5. Select Bibliography 6. Index Volume V: CharlesDickens Martin Fido 1. Charles Dickens – His Life and Work 2. Scheme of Extracts 3. ComicAction: Nicholas Nickleby 4. Exuberant Domestic Optimism: Pickwick Papers 5. ComicDialogue: Martin Chuzzlewit 6. Social Comedy: Nicholas Nickleby 7. Social Satire:Caricature and Irony: Oliver Twist 8. Comic Villains: Melodrama Tradition – The OldCuriosity Shop 9. Serious Dialogue: Melodrama Tradition – Barnaby Rudge 10. Descriptionof Place: Sensational Horror – Oliver Twist 11. Structure: Thematic Unity – The Old CuriosityShop 12. Structure: Introduction of Extraneous or Unplotted Material – David Copperfield13. Symbolism – Bleak House 14. Serious Character: Mind Under Stress – Dombey and Son15. Social Criticism: Emotional Appeal – Bleak House 16. Social Satire: Class or TypeRepresentative Caricature – Hard Times 17. Serious Dialogue – Great Expectations

18. Insularity – Little Dorrit 19. Prose Technique – A Tale of Two Cities 20. Plain Narrative Prose – Great Expecatations 21. Serious Villains –Our Mutual Friend 22. Social Sature: Caricature of Class or Institution – Little Dorrit 23. Grotesque Caricature: Black Comedy – Our MutualFriend Volume VI: Dickens and the Twentieth Century John Gross and Gabriel Pearson 1. Dickens: Some Recent Approaches John Gross2. Dickens: The Present Position Gabriel Pearson Part One: The Heroes and Heroines of Dickens Angus Wilson The Symbolism of Dickens WilliamEmpson Part Two: Sketches by Boz Robert Browning Pickwick, Dickens and the Art of Fiction John Killham Oliver Twist John Bayley NicholasNickleby Bernard Bergonzi The Old Curiosity Shop Gabriel Pearson Barnaby Rudge Jack Lindsay Martin Chuzzlewit Barbara Hardy Dealings with theFirm of Dombey and Son Julia Moynahan David Copperfield John Jones Chance and Design in Bleak House W. J. Harvey Hard Times John HollowayLittle Dorrit John Wain A Tale of Two Cities John Gross Great Expectations Christopher Ricks Our Mutual Friend Arnold Kettle Edwin Drood A. O. J.Cockshut Volume VII: The Days of Dickens: A Glance at Some Aspects of Early Victorian Life in London Arthur L Hayward 1. A LondonMedley 2. The Upper Ten 3. The Pleasure Gardens 4. "Something in the City" 5. On the Road 6. A Chapter of Horrors 7. Making a Night of It8. The Great Exhibition 9. A Glimpse at the Theatres 10. Entertainment for All 11. Sensational News 12. The Songs They Sang 13. TheFarringdon Hotel 14. Steam Travel by Land and Sea 15. Country Life 16. The Story of Forty Years Volume VIII: The Dickens EncyclopaediaArthur L. Hayward Volume IX: Dostoevsky and Dickens A Study of Literary Influence N. M. Lary 1. Criminals and Angels 2. The Communityof the Humble 3. Breakdown of Brotherhood 4. The Idiot: Melodrama and Ideal 5. The Idiot: Reality 6. The Devils: Disintegration 7. TheBrothers Karamazov Volume X: Martin Chuzzlewit Sylvère Monod 1. Dickens’ Pre-Chuzzlewit Days 2. The Text and Its Variations 3. Startingthe Machinery (Chapters I-XIV) 4. The American Episodes 5. Mrs Gamp and Mrs Harris 6. Pecksniffery 7. Crime and Punishment 8. The"Stock of the Soup" Thickens 9. The Salt of Pinch 10. The Evolution of Dickens’ with Martin Chuzzlewit 11. External and Additional Material12. Martin Chuzzlewit and its Readers: Purpose and Achievement

Foundations of Modern Nursing MW 27/11/08 15:30

Volume 1: A Textbook of Nursing Clara S. Weeks-Shaw

Published at a time when the discipline of professional nursing was stillcomparatively new, this book did not merely give information and laydown rules, but provided a systematic training guide on school work,taking into account the needs and difficulties of nursing, together withthe experience of the working teacher.

Selected Contents: 1. Introductory – Nursing and Nurses 2. The Sick Room –The Hospital Ward 3. Beds and Bed-Making – Bed-sores 4. Circulation – Pulse– Temperature 5. Respiration – Ventilation – Warmth 6. The Observations ofSymptoms 7. Medicines and their Administration 8. Food and itsAdministration 9. Enemata – Suppositories – Douches 10. Counter-Irritants –Cups – Leeches 11. Poultices, Fomentations and Other Applications 12. Baths –Massage 13. Urine 14. Contagion and Disinfection 15. Surgical Nursing –Operations 16. Bones – Fractures – Dislocations 17. Bandaging and Strapping18. Haemorrhages 19. Emergencies, Surgical and Medical 20. Obstetrics 21. Sick Children 22. Special Medical Cases 23. The Terminations of Disease

January 2009: 246x174: 416ppHb: 978-0-415-48550-0

Volume 2: Hospital Management Charlotte A. Aikens

This volume was written for those in hospital management, trustees,training-school principles, students of hospital economics oradministrators in hospital health-care. It discussed the principles thatunderlie successful, efficient hospital administration, with an emphasison the practical, and, despite being comprehensive, the material ispresented in such a way that even the inexperienced student of hospitaleconomics or non-professional executive is able to gain a thoroughunderstanding of the topics covered.

Selected Contents: 1. The American Hospital Field 2. The Board of Managersand Their Responsibilities 3. The Superintendent 4. The Medical Service of aHospital 5. A General Hospital For One Hundred Patients 6. The Furnishings ofa 100-Bed Hospital 7. The Hospital Income and Management of Trust Funds 8. Hospital Bookkeeping 9. The Hospital Store 10. The Kitchen 11. TheDietitian’s Province and Its Management 12. The Engineering Department 13. The Laundry 14. The Purchase and Economic Use of Surgical Supplies 15. The Hospital Drug Room 16. The Training School and its Management 17. The Out-Patient Department 18. The Hospital Laboratory 19. The AnnualReport

January 2009: 246x174: 528ppHb: 978-0-415-48555-5

Volume 3: Nursing Problems andObligations bound with A Sound EconomicBasis for Schools of NursingNursing Problems and Obligations

Sara E. Parsons

As well as arguing for the place of ethics in the training of nurses, thisvolume is also intended as a guide on appropriate behaviour for thestudent and senior nurse, whether she was employed at a hospital or inthe capacity as a private or district nurse.

Selected Contents: 1. Ethics 2. Ethics and the Probationary Period 3. Ethicsand the Student Nurse 4. Ethics and the Student Nurse continued 5. TheStudent Nurse and Co-workers 6. Qualifications for Executive Work 7. Qualifications for Executive Work continued 8. Specialized Nursing 9. Miscellaneous Topics 10. The Activities of the Graduate Nurse 11. MouldingPublic Opinion 12. Looking Ahead

A Sound Economic Basis for Schools of NursingM. Adelaide Nutting

This volume brings together a collection of papers from a variety ofsources which are all concerned with the problems arising in the growthand development of schools of nursing, both hospital training schoolsand graduate departments of universities. Much of the emphasis of thematerial focuses on the relationship between school and hospital and thechallenges of conducting educational work in a place and mediumdesigned for other purposes. The economic issues associated with privatenursing are also discussed.

Selected Contents: 1. A Sound Economic Basis For Schools of Nursing 2. SomeProblems of Training Schools for Nurses 3. Address as President of theMaryland State Association of Graduate Nurses 4. Suggestions for EducationalStandards for State Registration 5. The Preliminary Education of Nurses 6. Some Results of Preparatory Courses for Nurses 7. Nursing and ItsOpportunities 8. The Training of Visiting Nurses 9. The Social Services of theDistrict Nurse 10. The Training of the Psychopathic Nurse 11. Nursing andPublic Health 12. How Can we Attract Suitable Applicants to our TrainingSchools for Nurses? 13. Twenty-Five Years of the Johns Hopkins HospitalSchool for Nurses 14. The Responsibilities of Hospital Trustees 15. TheObligations of Opportunity 16. Our Inheritance 17. Some Ideals for Schools ofNursing 18. The Relation of the War Program to Nursing in Civil Hospitals 19. Twenty Years of Nursing Education in Teachers College 20. The Outlook inNursing 21. Address Before The New York State Nurses’ Association 22. TheEvolution of Nursing Education From Hospital to University 23. How Can weCare for our Patients and Educate the Nurse? 24. Thirty Years of Progress inNursing 25. Developments in Teaching Since 1873 26. Apprenticeship to Duty

January 2009: 246x174: 560ppHb: 978-0-415-48556-2

Volume 4: The Evolution of Public Health Nursing Annie M. Brainard

This volume is an account of the origin of the work of public healthnursing, its evolution and the causes which underlie its development andwhich have produced its variations. The work discusses how the growthof social self-consciousness reacted on the charities of the Middle Ages;how the industrial revolution brought about a readjustment of socialconditions and finally how the advance in preventive medicine and thedevelopment of the art of nursing, produced and made inevitable, thePublic Health Nurse. Experience of nursing in Europe, the UK and theUSA is discussed.

Selected Contents: 1. Visiting Nursing in the Days of the Roman Empire 2. Visiting the Sick in the Middle Ages 3. The Beginnings of Social Reform 4. The New Humanity 5. Sanitary Science and Preventive Medicine 6. Kaiserswerth and the English Sisters 7. Florence Nightingale 8. The Foundingof District Nursing 9. The Founding of District Nursing (continued) 10. TheSpread of District Nursing 11. The Metropolitan and National NursingAssociation 12. Queen’s Nurses 13. Early Visiting Nursing in America 14. TheMissionary Nurses 15. Two Pioneer Visiting Nurse Associations 16. A Period ofDevelopment 17. Nurses’ Settlements 18. Specialized Visiting Nursing 19. Specialized Visiting Nursing (continued) 20. Early Social Training For Nurses21. The National Organization for Public Health Nursing 22. War and the PublicHealth Nurse: The United States 23. War and the Public Health Nurse: France,Italy 24. Aftermath of the War 25. Public Health Nursing Today 26. BritishDominions and Elsewhere: Canada, New Zealand, Australia, South Africa.

January 2009: 246x174: 504ppHb: 978-0-415-48557-9

Foundations of Modern Nursing



Volume 5: Ethics for Modern Nurses boundwith The Practical NurseEthics for Modern NursesKatharine J. Densford

This book was designed for the use of either student nurses in schools ofnursing or pre-nursing students in colleges and universities. Part Iprovides orientation in school, hospital and the nursing profession ingeneral. Part II deals with the broader aspects of ethics, discussing themoral principles and different philosophies of conduct necessary forunderstanding one’s own moral choices as well as those of others.Common-sense ethical reasoning helps provide solutions to personal,professional and social problems in the confusion of global thinking andpost-war reconstruction.

Selected Contents: Part I: Student Adjustments 1. Your Future and the Futureof Nursing 2. What Makes a Good Nurse 3. Initial Adjustments 4. Intelligencein Nursing 5. Legal Responsibilities 6. Student and Professional OrganizationsPart II: Personal, Professional and Social Ethics 7. Thinking About Ethics 8. The Harm That Taboo Morality Can Do 9. Principles of Morality 10. Idealsof Life 11. The Greatest-Happiness Principle 12. Moral Conflicts in Medicineand Nursing 13. Some Problems of Life and Death 14. Marriage and a Career15. Living Democratically 16. Democratic Ideal

The Practical NurseOriginally published in 1947, at a time when there was a chronicshortage of professionally-trained nurses, this book showed that a newand desirable kind of practical (village/domestic) nurse could bedeveloped who would be a partner to the registered nurse, both withinhospitals and in the home. The advantages of using practical nurses, thepotential dangers and safeguards necessary for effective service are amongthe issues discussed.

Selected Contents: 1. The Practical Nurse and Care of the Sick 2. Who is thePractical Nurse? 3. The Supply of Practical Nurses 4. The Birthplace of PracticalNursing – the Home 5. General Hospitals 6. Mental Hospitals 7. TuberculosisHospitals 8. The Chronically Ill and the Aged; Convalescents 9. Industry 10. The Newest Field – Public Health 11. Uncle Sam Needs Practical Nurses 12. Other Opportunities for the Practical Nurse 13. The Schools of PracticalNursing 14. The Curriculum in Schools of Practical Nursing 15. Supervision16. Protection through Legislation 17. Hiring a Reliable Practical Nurse 18. Next Steps

January 2009: 246x174: 664ppHb: 978-0-415-48559-3

Volume 6: The Education of Nurses Isabel Maitland Stewart

This book was written for professional students and those in the field ofnursing education. It charts the historical progress of nursing educationfrom the Greeks, through the Nightingale system of Nursing Schools tothe mid-twentieth century. The origins of issues and problematic areas arediscussed and a survey of long-term trends is analyzed, not just innursing studies, but in the relevant fields of philosophy, sociology,psychology, biology, economics and the history of education.

Selected Contents: 1. Preschool Foundations of Nursing Education are Laid(Primitive Times to 1860) 2. The Nightingale System of Nursing Schools isFounded (1860) 3. The Nightingale System Is Established in America (1873–1893) 4. Nurses Organize to Control and Improve Educational Standards(1893–1913) 5. Nursing Schools Are Tested and Appraised (1913-1933) 6. Moving Toward Fundamental Readjustments (1933 –) 7. Nursing EducationAdvances Toward New Frontiers 8. Developing Needed Educational Leadership

January 2009: 246x174: 424ppHb: 978-0-415-48560-9

Volume 7: History of Anesthesia bound withBlack Women in the Nursing ProfessionHistory of Anesthesia Virginia S. Thatcher

This volume looks at the administration of anesthesia as an historicaldevelopment, rather than at the discovery of agents and methods as beingof primary historic significance. The place of the nurse as an anesthetistreceives special emphasis in this history as part of a deliberate attempt torectify the omission of the role of nurses in previous histories ofanesthesia.

Selected Contents: Part I: Toward a New Art 1. The Great Discovery 2. Not anUnmixed Blessing 3. Nursing Service and Medical Science 4. From Ether Coneto Esmarch Mask 5. The Extension of a System 6. The Training Problem 7. Illegal or Legal? 8. The Test Case 9. A Century After Ether Part II: Toward aNew Science 10. Clinical Anesthesia: 1950 11. Research Goals Part III:Organized Nurse Anesthesia 12. Foundation 13. Organization 14. Legislation15. Education 16. Examination 17. Accreditation

Black Women in the Nursing ProfessionEdited and with a new introduction by Darlene Clark Hine,Northwestern University, USA

The twenty-seven articles, essays, surveys and reports which make up thisanthology illuminate the struggles and services, the perspectives andaspirations of a largely invisible group of American nurses. Thesedocuments were discovered in widely scattered archives and libraries aswell as in both major and obscure journals and periodicals. As a wholethey provide valuable insight into the black nurses’ strategies forprofessional recognition and institution building.

The first section addresses the emergence of the early black hospitalnursing schools, the career experiences of the first generations ofprofessionally- trained black nurses and the development of blackcollegiate nursing schools. Section Two describes the limitedopportunities available to black nurses in the 1920s and 1930s. The lastsection documents the struggle of black nurses for professionalopportunities, higher status and integration.

Selected Contents: Schools and Nursing Education 1. The Work of a SmallHospital and Training School in the South (1898–99) Anna DeCosta Banks2. Training Colored Nurses at Tuskegee (1910) Booker T. Washington Some FactsConcerning Negro Nurse Training Schools and Their Graduates (1919) John A.Kenney How a Collegiate Nursing Program Developed in a Negro College (1945)Mary Elizabeth Lancaster 3. Nurse Training Becomes Nursing Education atFlorida A. & M. College (1948) M. E. Lancaster Carnegie 4. The HowardUniversity School of Nursing in Historical Perspective (1969) Anna B. ColesSurvey and Reports on the Status of Black Nurses 5. Report on InformalStudy of the Educational Facilities for Colored Nurses and Their Use in Hospital,Visiting and Public Health Nursing (1924–25) Donalda Hamlin The HospitalLibrary and Service BureauNursing Education and Opportunities for the ColoredNurse (1928) Abbie Roberts A Study of Negro Public Health Nursing (1930)Stanley Rayfield, Marjory Stimson and Louise M. Tattershall The Need for a SoundProfessional Preparation for Colored Nurses (1930) Adda Eldredge 6. SomeObservations on Negro Nursing in the South (1932) Nina D. Gage and Alma C. Haupt The Training and Placement of Negro Nurses (1935) Estelle G. Massey-Riddle The Negro Nurse in Public Health (1937) Dorothy Deming The Training ofNegro Nurses in the South (1937) Eola Lyons Taylor Sources of Supply of NegroHealth Personnel: Nurses (1937) Estelle Massey Riddle Negro Nurses: The Supplyand Demand (1937) Estelle Massey Riddle Struggles of Negro Nurses 7. AnnualAddress of the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses (1921) AdahThoms 8. The Negro Woman in the Nursing Profession (1923) Elizabeth Jones 9. The Negro Nurse in America (1937) Mabel Keaton Staupers 10. Nurses Go toWar (1943) Roy Wilkins 11. The Negro Nurse Looks Toward Tomorrow (1945)Estelle Massey Riddle and Josephine Nelson 12. Status and Contribution of theNegro Nurse (1949) Estelle Massey Osborne 13. Story of the National Associationof Colored Graduate Nurses (1951) Mabel K. Staupers 14. Integration inProfessional Nursing (1962) Mary E. Carnegie and Estelle M. Osborne 15. ThePath We Tread (1962) Mary Elizabeth Carnegie 16. From Invisibility to Blackness:The Story of the National Black Nurses’ Association (1975) Gloria R. Smith 17. Black Nurses: Their Service and Their Struggle (1976) Joyce Ann Elmore

January 2009: 246x174: 504ppHb: 978-0-415-48561-6


Volume 8: A Lavinia Dock Reader boundwith The East Harlem Health CenterDemonstrationJanet Wilson James

Known in her lifetime as a leader in the organization of the nursingprofession, Lavinia Lloyd Dock compiled the first nurses’ manual ofdrugs from medical texts. Materia Medica for Nurses remained thestandard nursing school text for a generation. Dock called for theseparation of medical and nursing spheres of authority and theprofessional organization of nurses remained her central concern. Thedocuments selected here reflect the developments and progress made innursing under her leadership, as well as charting how Dock became thecommunications center of the professional nursing world

Selected Contents: Lavinia Dock: Selections 1. What We May Expect from theLaw (1900) 2. Short Papers on Nursing Subjects (1900) 3. HospitalOrganization (1903) 4. An Experiment in Contagious Nursing (1903) 5. SomeUrgent Social Claims (1907) 6. The London Meeting of the InternationalCouncil and Congress of Nurses (1909) 7. Hygiene and Morality (1910) 8. Status of the Nurse in the Working World (1913) 9. Foreign Department,American Journal of Nursing (1916) 10. Foreign Department (1922) 11. Foreign Department (1923) 12. Letters to the Editor, American Journal ofNursing (1924) 13. Lavinia L Dock: Self-Portrait (1932)

The East Harlem Health CenterDemonstration Edited and with a new introduction by Susan Reverby, WellesleyCollege, USA

The problems of how to organize preventive and bedside health andnursing services in the community, whether rural or urban, and how toco-ordinate care giving among the many different kinds of public andprivate agencies are still difficulties that plague the American health caredelivery system. The documents selected in this volume show how theEast Harlem experiment serves as an example of one relatively successfulmodel of the solution to these administrative, financial and ultimatelypolitical problems.

Selected Contents: 1. The House that Health Built: A Report of the First ThreeYears’ work of the East Harlem Health Center Demonstration (1925) Kenneth D.Widdemer 2. A Comparative Study of Generalized and Specialized Nursing andHealth Services (1926) The East Harlem Nursing and Health Demonstration 3. The Infant Service Report (1928) The East Harlem Nursing and HealthDemonstration

January 2009: 246x174: 568ppHb: 978-0-415-48562-3

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