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Collection of SPM Questions (State Papers) MODUL 1

KOLEKSI SOALAN SPM (KERTAS PERCUBAAN NEGERI) MODUL 1

FORM 5 BIOLOGY CHAPTER 1 : TRANSPORT QUESTION 1 - 2014 KEDAH MODUL 1 Diagram 4 .1 shows the blood circulatory system in organism P and organism Q. Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan sistem peredaran darah bagi organisma P dan organism Q.

Diagram 4.1

Rajah 4.1 (a) State the type of blood circulatory system of organism P and organism Q.

Nyatakan jenis sistem peredaran darah bagi organisms P dan organisms Q. Organism P: / Organisma P: ________________________________________________ Organism Q: / Organisma Q: ________________________________________________

[2 marks] (b) State one difference between the heart of organism P and organism Q.

Nyatakan satu perbezaan di antara jantung organlsma P dan organisma Q. _________________________________________________________________________

[1 mark] (c) Explain why blood vessel X has higher pressure than vessel Y.

Terangkan mengapa salur darah X mempunyai tekanan lebih tinggi dari salur darah Y. _________________________________________________________________________

[2 marks]


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(d) The blood circulatory system is also involved in the production of antibodies in the body defense mechanism. Diagram 4.2 shows the concentration of antibody in the blood of individuals’ A and individuals B for a period of 10 weeks to acquire immunity. Both of them were given two injections respectively. Sistem peredaran darah terlibat dalam penghasilan antibodi untuk mekanisme pertahanan badan. Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan kepekatan antibodi di dalam darah kedua-dua individu A dan B dalam jangka masa 10minggu untuk mendapatkan keimunan. Kedua — dua mereka masing- masing telah diberikan dua suntikan.

(i) What type of immunity is obtained by A and B respectively?

Apakah jenis keimunan yang diperolehi oleh individu A dan B masing-masing? A: ______________________________________________________________________ B: ______________________________________________________________________

[ 2 marks]


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(ii) Explain why individual A has to be given the second injection which contained the same

vaccine. Terangkan mengapa individu A harus diberi suntikan kedua bagi vaccine yang sama. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________

[2 marks] (e) AIDS is caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). AIDS patients are easily

infected with various types of diseases and will eventually die. even from harmless disease. Explain how HIV affects the body's immune system. Penyakit AIDS disebabkan oleh virus HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). Pesakit AIDS mudah dijangkiti oleh pelbagai jenis penyakit dan akhirnya akari mati walaupun oleh penyakit yang tidak berbahaya. Terangkan bagaimana HIV memberi kesan kepada sistem pertahanan badan. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________

[3 marks]

Suggested Answer (a) Organism P: Double closed circulatory system

Organism Q Single closed circulatory system (b) .

Organisma P Organisma Q P1 Heart has 4 chambers Heart has 2 chambers P2 has two atriums and two ventricles,

has right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle and left ventricle

has one ventricle and one atrium // has ventricle and an atrium

P3 heart receives both oxygenated blood and deoxygenated separately

heart receives the mixed oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood.

. (c) F: contraction of ventricle heart

E1: generates of high pressure E2: (to) propel/ force/ pump the blood flow from the heart Any 2

(d)(i) Individual A: Artificial/ (Acquired) active immunity Individual B: Artificial/ (Acquired) passive immunity

(ii) P1: The first dose results the production of low level of Antibody // the concentration of antibody still not reach the immunity level P2: Second dose is needed to stimulate lymphocyte to produce more antibodies


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P3: until it reaches the immunity level. P3: that protects the person that get the disease Any 2

(e) P2: By attacking helper T cell (which coordinates the immune system.) P3: Helper T cells are essential to activate other lymphocytes in the body immunity. P4: HIV also attack the central nervous system P5: Decrease in the function of nervous system. P6: The patient can expose himself to secondary infections. Any

QUESTION 2 - PAHANG JUJ Diagram 4.1 shows formation of fluid S and fliud T from blood circulatory system. Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan pembentukan bendalir S dan berdalir T dalam sistem peredaran darah.

(a) (i) Name the fluid labelled S and T.

Namakan bendalir yang berlabel S dan T. S: _____________________________________________________________________ T: ____________________________________________________________________

[2 marks] (ii) Explain how fluid S is formed.

Terangkan bagaimana bendalir S bentuk. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

[3 marks]

(iii) State one difference between content of fluid T and the blood. Nyatakan satu perbezaan antara kandungan bendalir T dan darah. ______________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]


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(b) Diagram 3.2 shows a condition of health problem because of blockage in lymph vessel.

The blockage is caused by filariasis worm. Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan keadaan seseorang vang mengalami suatu masalah

(i) Name the health problem.

Namakan penyakit tersebut. ______________________________________________________________________

[1 mark] (ii) Explain how the situation could happen?

Terangkan bagaimana keadaan tersebut boleh berlaku? ______________________________________________________________________

[2 marks] (c) Explain the importance of lymphatic system in human.

Terangkan kepentingan system limfa kepada manusia. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

[3 marks] Suggested Answer (a) (i) S: (bendalir) tisu / bendalir intertis

T: (bendalir) limfa (ii) P1- Darah yang mengalir dari ateri ke kapillari mempunyai diameter yang lebih kecil

P2- menyebabkan berlaku tekanan hidrostatik yang tinggi P3- memaksa air / bahan saiz molekul kecil terturas keluar (melalui dinding kapilari darah) P4- menghasilkan bendalir tisu di mana antara sel. P5- Molekul besar seperti eritrosit/ platlet/ molekul protein yang besar tidak terturas

(b)(i) Untut / Elephantiasis / Penyakit kaki gajah (ii) P1 - Sahir limfa tersumbat oleh casing filariasis

P2- meuyebabkan bendalir tisu gagal memasuki salur limfa


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P3- Bendalir tisu berkumpul di dalam ruang antara sel P4- menyebabkan kaki membengkak

(c) P1- mengembalikan bendalir limfa ke dalam sistem peredaran darah P2- Menyerap lemak dan mengangkutnya ke sistem peredaran darah P3- Mengangkut bahan dalam bendalir tisu/ air/ mineral/ hormon/ koenzini yang tidak meresap ke dalam kapilari darah seinula imnik dikeinbalikan ke dalam sistem peredaran P4- mengangkut bahan buangan / asid urik/ urea yang tertinggal ke dalam sistem peredaran darah P5- Sel fagosit dalam nodus limfa memusnahkan sel-sel yang mati / mikroorganisma/ bendasing P6- secara fagositosis.

QUESTION 3 - 2014 JOHOR BATU PAHAT Diagram 3.1 shows several process that occur in a dicotyledonous plan. Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan beberapa proses yang berlaku pada sejenis tumbahan dikotiledon.

(a)(i) Name process K and L. Namakan proses K dan L.

K: ____________________________________________________________________ L: ____________________________________________________________________

[2 marks]


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(ii) Through process K, one organic substance is produced. State how the substances is transport in plant. Melalui proses K, satu bahan organik dihasilkan. Nyatakan bagaimama bahan tersebut diangkut dalam tumbuhan.

_______________________________________________________________________ [1marks]

(iii) Describe the diffusion of potassium ion in process M. Huraikan penyerapan ion kalium semasa proses M. _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________

[ 3 marks] (b) State two importance of proces L to the plant.

Nyatakan dua kepentingan proses L kepada tumbuhan tersebut. 1. __________________________________________________________________ 2. ____________________________________________________________________

[ 2 marks] (c) Diagram 3.2 show a condition that occur at the stem of the plant.

Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan keadaan yang berlaku pada batang tumbuhan tersebut.

Explain how the condition can be ixcuat the stem of the plant.

Terangkan bagaimana keadaan ini boleh berlaku kepada batang pokok tumbuhan tersebut. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

[2marks]


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(d) In the morning, there is no moving air. Meanwhile in the evening, the air movement is fast. Didapati bahawa pada sebelah pagi, tiupan angin adalah tenang. Manakala pada sebelah petang, tiupan angin semakin kencang. Explain in the effect of both condition towards process L. Terangkan kesan kedua-dua keadaan ini terhadap proses L. Air movement in the morning Tiupan angin sebelah pagi ________________________________________________________________________ Air movement in the evening Tiupan angin sebelah petang ________________________________________________________________________

[2 marks] Suggested Answer (a) (i) Proses K: Fotosintesis

Proses L: Transpirasi (ii) Glukosa diangkat melalui floem ke seluruh bahagian tumbuhan yang lain / ke organ

simpanan (iii) - Kepekatan ion kalium di dalam sel rambut akar adalah hipertonik berbanding

kepekatan ion kalium di dalam tanah. - Ion kalium akan diangkut ke dalam sap sel rambut akar - Secara pengangkutan aktif

(b) - Membantu dalam menyerap dan mengangkut air dan ion mineral dari akar ke bahagian lain pada tumbuhan.

- Mengelakkan kelayuan pada tumbuhan - Mengangkut air untuk proses fotosintesis - Agen penyejuk dalam tumbuhan [mana-mana 2 sahaja]

(c) - Lapisan tisu floem telah dikeluarkan / digelangkan dari tumbuhan - Menghalang pengangkutan hasil fotosintesis ke bahagian lain pada tumbuhan

(d) - Tiupan angin sebelah pagi: - Apabila pergerakan udara perlahan / rendah, kadar transpirasi akan rendah /

menurun - Tiupan angin sebelah petang: - Apabila pergerakan udara semakin kencang / tinggi, kadar transpirasi kan tinggi /

meningkat


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QUESTION 4 - 2014 KELANTAN Diagram 4.1 shows leucocyte cell moving out from blood capillary. Diagram 4.1 menunjukkan sel leukosit menyelinap keluar dari kapilari darah.

(a) Complete the diagram to show the mechanism of leucocyte kill patogen Lengkapkan rajah di atas untuk menunjukkan mekanisme sel leukosit menghapuskan pathogen.

[ 2 marks ]

(b) Based on diagram, explain the type and mechanism of body’s defence. Berdasarkan rajah, terangkan jenis dan mekanisme pertahanan badan. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

[3 marks]

(c) Diagram 4.2 show a type of white blood cell which is important in the body defense mechanism. Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan sejenis sel darah putih yang penting dalam mekanisme pertahanan badan.


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(i) (ii)

Name the structures labelled A and X Namakan struktur berlabel A dan X: Sel A : ______________________________________________________________________ Bahan X: ______________________________________________________________________

[2 marks]

(d) State the type of the body defence shown in the diagram. Nyatakan jenis pertahanan di atas yang ditunjukan dalam rajah . ______________________________________________________________________________

[1 marks] (e) State two characteristics of the defence

Nyatakan dua ciri pertahanan ini ______________________________________________________________________________

[2 marks] (f) Explain the mechanism of body defense shown in diagram 4.2

Terangkan mekanisme pertahanan badan yang ditunjukkan dalam Diagram 4.2 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

[3 marks] Suggestion Answer (a)

(b) - Pertahanan barisan kedua

- F 1: Fagositosis (process) - E l: Fagosit melengkung dan mencernakan patogen/antigen

(c) (i) Limfosit (ii) Antibodi (d) Pertahanan barisan ketiga (e) Sistem pertahan ini bersifat spesifik di mana antibodi hanya bertindak ke atas antigen

tertentu sahaja. (f) 1. Limfosit mengecam / mengenalpasti antigen secara spesifik

2. Antibodi dapat melekat ke atas antigen untuk membentuk kompleks antigen-antibodi. 3. antibody mengurai dan memusnahkan antigen / patogen


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QUESTION 5 - 2014 KELANTAN Diagram 7.1 show two type of symbiosis. Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan dua jenis interaksi simbiosis.

Diagram 7.1 / Rajah 7.1

(a) Table 7.1 shows the facts of HIV in a country X , in the year of 2013 Jadual 7.1 menunjukkan fakta mengenai HIV di negara X , pada tahun 2013.

Populasi penduduk 28,859,154 Penghidap HIV 81,000 Kes terbaru HIV 3,479 Kematian akibat AIDS 5,800

Table 7.1 /Jadual 7.1 (i) In your opinion, how are the transmissions of HIV ?

Pada pendapat anda, bagaimanakah cara jangkitan HIV ? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

[5 markah]

(ii) Suggest ways to prevent the transmission of HIV. Cadangkan cara-cara untuk mengelakkkan jangkitan HIV. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________


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[5 markah] Suggested Answer

(a) Dapat menerangkan interaksi X dan intraksi Y - P1 Simbiosis adalah interaksi antara dua spesies yang berbeza - Interaksi X : - P2 Interaksi X dikenali sebagai komensalisme - P3 Interaksi di mana komensal untung dan perumah tidak mendapat untung

atau rugi - P4 ikan remora ( komensal ) mendapat manfaat / makanan/ pengangkutan - P5 ikan yu ( perumah ) tidak mendapat apa-apa manfaat - Interaksi Y - P6 Interaksi Y dikenali sebagai mutualisme - P7 iaitu interaksi di mana kedua-dua organisma mendapat manfaat / untung - P8 Nodul akar mengandungi Rhizobium sp - P9 Rhizobium menukarkan nitrogen kepada sebatian ammonia / nitrat - P10 Nitrat digunakan oleh pokok kacang / legume - P11 Pokok kacang membekalkan perlindungan / glukosa kepada Rhizobium

(b)(i) Dapat memberikan pendapat tentang cara-cara jangkitan HIV. - P1 HIV menyebabkan penyakit AIDS - P2 HIV boleh dijangkiti melalui darah, semen dan bendalir vagina - P3 Jangkitan HIV berlaku melalui perkongsian jarum suntikan di kalangan

penagih dadah - P4 Melalui perkongsian objek tajam seperti pemotong kuku/pencukur/berus

gigi - P5 Hubungan seks secara rambang dengan pembawa HIV - P6 Pemindahan darah yang tidak melalui proses saringan - P7 Melalui plasenta daripada ibu hamil kepada fetusnya

(b) (ii)

Dapat mencadangkan cara-cara mencegah jangkitan HIV. - P1 Menjauhkan diri dari penyalahgunaan dadah - P2 Elakkan perkongsian jarum suntikan dalam kalangan pembawa HIV - P3 Elakkan perkongsian alatan peribadi yang tajam - P4 Menjauhi hubungan seks secara rambang - P5 Elakkan hubungan sejenis / homoseksual / lesbian - P6 Darah yang didermakan perlu dirawat untuk memusnahkan virus - P7 Pendidikan kesedaran kepada masyarakat tentang risiko jangkitan AIDS - P8 Menggunakan kondom untuk memgurangkan risiko jangkitan - P9 Pasangan yang ingin berkahwin diwajibkan menjalani ujian HIV


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QUESTION 6 – 2014 MELAKA POTENSI GEMILANG Diagram 9 shows the blood circulatory system amd the lymphatic system in the human body. Rajah 9 menunjukkan sistem peredaran darah dan sistem limfa yang terdapat dalam badan manusia.

(a)(i) Name fluid X

Namakan bendalir X _____________________________________________________________________

[1mark] (ii) What happens to the component of fluid X when it passes through the lymph node?

Apakah yang berlaku komponen dalam bendalir X semasa melalui nodus limfa? _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]

(b)(i) Describe how fluid X is formed from the blood. Terangkan bagaimana bendalir X terbentuk daripada darah. _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________

[2 mark]

(ii) State one difference bewteen fluid X and the blood Nyatakan satu perbezaan antara berndalir X dengan darah _______________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]


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(c) (i) Explain the effect on the system if a part of vessel P is blocked.

Terangkan kesannya ke atas sistem tersebut jika satu bahagian pada salur P didapati tersumbat. _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________

[2 mark]

(ii) What happen to the leg if vessel P in the leg is blocked. Apakah yang berlaku kepada kaki jika salur P di kaki didapati tersumbat. _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________

[1 marks]

(d) Explain how the composition of the tissue fluid maintained by the blood cisculatory system and the lymphatic system by stating the substances transported by the both systems. Jelaskan bagaimana komposis bendalir tisu dikekalkan oleh sistem peredaran darah dan sistem limfa dengan menyatakan bahan-bahan yang diangkat oleh kedua-dua sistem. _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________

[3 marks] Suggested Answer

(a)(i) Lymph / Limfa (ii) Pathogens and toxic substances are neutralised

Patogen dan bahan toksik dineutralkan. (b)(i) Blood plasma diffuses from the capillaries

Plasma darah meresap dari kapilari (ii) Fluid X do not have eryhtrocytes whereas blood has erythrocytes

Bendalir tisu yang terbentuk meresap masuk ke dalam salur limfa (c)(i) Interstitial fluid fails to return to the blood circulatory system

Bendalir tisu gagal dikembalikan ke sistem peredaran darah Tissue fluid accumulates in the spaces between cells Bendalir tisu terkumpul di dalam ruang di antara sel

(ii) The leg will be shown Kaki menjadi bengkok

(d) -Glucose and amino acids are transported in the blood circulatory system Glukosa dan asid amino diangkut di dalam sistem peredaran darah memasuki tisu badan membentuk bendalir tisu


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- Fatty acids and glycerol are transported by the lymphatic system and some enters the blood circulatory systems at the ends of venules Acid lemak dan gliserol diangkut oleh sistem limfa ke dalam sistem peredaran darah

- Some of the contents of the tissue fluid enter the lymphaticsystem and some enter the blood circulatory system at the ends of the venules Sebahagian daripada kandungan bendalir tisu memasuki sistem limfa dan sebahagian lagi memasuki sistem peredaran darah di hujung venul

QUESTION 7 - 2014 SELANGOR SG. PELEK (SECTION B) (a)

(i) (ii)

Diagram 7.1 shows the coronary artery bypass in the heart. Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan pintasan arteri koronari pada jantung.

In your opinion, justify why the procedure has to be carried out. Pada pendapat anda, jelaskan mengapakah prosedur tersebut perlu dilakukan. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________

[5 marks/5 markah]

Suggest what can be done as preventive measures to avoid blockage of the coronary artery. Cadangkan apakah yang boleh dilakukan sebagai langkah pencegahan bagi mengelakkan berlakunya koronari arteri yang tersumbat. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________

[5 marks/5 markah]


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Diagram 7.2 shows three types of blood vessels that made up the human circulatory system. Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan tiga jenis salur darah yang membentuk sistem peredaran manusia.

(b)

(i) Compare and contrast between blood vessels X and Y. Banding bezakan di antara salur darah X dan Y. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________

[5 marks/5 markah]

(ii) Circulatory system plays a big role in transport. Besides that, it also has an important function in our body’s defence mechanisms against diseases. Justify how the first line of defence protects our body against pathogens. Sistem peredaran memainkan peranan besar dalam pengangkutan. Selain daripada itu, ia juga mempunyai fungsi dalam mekanisma pertahanan badan melawan penyakit. Jelaskan bagaimana pertahanan baris pertama melindungi badan daripada patogen. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________

[5 marks/5 markah]


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Suggestion Answer

(a) (i) P1 : Due to blockage/narrowing of the coronary artery / arteriosclerosis / atherosclerosis

P2 : Heart’s muscles receive less/no supply of oxygen and nutrients P3 : Can cause angina/myocardial infarction/heart attack P4 : Heart muscle cannot pump blood to the whole body P5 : bypass returns back supply of oxygen and nutrients to the muscles of heart P6 : so that heart can pump blood to the whole body

Any 5 points (ii) Ways to prevent blockage of coronary artery.

P1 : Eat a balanced diet P2 : Eat more vegetables and fruits P3 : Reduce intake of food high in fats/cholesterol P4 : Reduce intake of food high in salt/sodium P5 : Exercise regularly P6 : To reduce obesity P7 : to maintain the normal body weight P8 : Stop/no smoking P9 : to reduce the narrowing of coronary artery P10 : Reduce stress P11 : take enough rest/sleep P12 : Do recreational activities P13 : Drink plenty of water P14 : No drinking alcohol P15 : alcohol cause hardening of artery

Any 5 points (b)(i)

X Y X is artery Y is vein

Carry oxygenated blood Carry deoxygenated blood

Has thick muscular wall Has thinner wall

Has small lumen Has big lumen

Has no valves Has valves

Blood flows at higher pressure Blood flows at lower pressure

Transport blood away from the heart Transport blood to the heart

Any 5 points

(b)

TOTAL


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FORM 5 BIOLOGY CHAPTER 2 LOCOMOTION AND SUPPORT QUESTION 1 - 2014 PAHANG Diagram 3.1 shows movement of earthworm and a fish in different habitats. Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan pergerakan cacing tanah dan ikan dalam habitat yang berbeza.

Diagram 3.1

Rajah 3.1 (i) Name the muscles of both organisms that involved in movement.

Namakan otot yang terlibat dalam pergerakan dalam kedua-dua organisma tersebut.

Earthworm/Cacing tanah :________________________________________________

Ikan/ Fish :________________________________________________

[2 marks]

(ii) P1 : Skin as the physical barrier P2 : to prevent pathogens from entering the body P3 : Skin secrets sebum which is acidic P4 : can kill the microorganisms/unsuitable medium for growth of microorganisms P5 : Mucus secreted by mucous membrane in the respiratory tract P6 : trap pathogens in the air P7 : cilia in the trachea P8 : sweeps away pathogen in the air P9 : hydrochloric acids secreted by gastric gland in the stomach P10 : kill bacteria in the food P11: tears contains lysozyme P12 : digest and kill bacteria

Any 5 points


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(ii) Name the type of skeleton for both organisms.

Namakan jenis rangka kedua-dua organisma tersebut.

Earthworm/Cacing tanah :________________________________________________

Ikan/ Fish : ________________________________________________

[2 marks]

Diagram 3.2

Rajah 3.2

Diagram 3.2 shows the muscles of earthworm involve in locomotion.

Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan otot-otot cacing tanah yang terlibat dalam pergerakan.

(a) Based on Diagram 3.2 describe the mechanism of locomotion in the earthworm.

Berdasarkan Rajah 3.2 terangkan mekanisme pergerakan cacing tanah.

[2 marks]

muscle X otot X

muscle Y otot Y

muscle Y otot Y

muscle X otot X

head / kepala


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Diagram 3.3 Rajah 3.3

Diagram 3.3 shows part of vertebral column showing structure Z.

Rajah 3.3 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada turus vertebra bersama struktur Z.

(b) What is the effect if structure labelled Z absent in the vertebral column?

Apakah kesan jika struktur berlabel Z tiada dalam turus vertebra?

[2 marks]


Diagram 3.4 shows the health problem because of impaired musculoskeletal system

and it can be inherited.

Rajah 3.4 menunjukkan masalah kesihatan yang boleh diwarisi akibat sistem otot

rangka yang merosot.

Z


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(c) Desribe briefly the health problem.

Terangkan secara ringkas masalah kesihatan tersebut.

[2 marks]


Diagram 3.5 shows the process of inhalation.

Rajah 3.5 menunjukkan proses menarik nafas.

Diaphragm is the dome-shaped sheet of muscle that involves in the breathing process. If an accident occurs and causes the ribs stab to the diaphragm, explain the possibility effects to a person. Diafragma merupakan kepingan otot berbentuk kubah yang terlibat dalam proses pernafasan. Jika seseorang terlibat dalam kemalangan di mana tulang rusuknya telah tercucuk kepada diafragma, terangkan kesan yang mungkin berlaku.

[2 marks]

Chest expand Dada mengembang

Diaphragm contracts Diaphragm mengecut


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Suggested Answer a.i Earthworm: longitudinal (muscle) and circular (muscle)

Fish: myotome .ii

Earthworm: hydrostatic (skeleton) Fish: endoskeleton

b Set 1 L1: when circular muscle/ muscle Y contract, longitudinal muscle / muscle X

relaxes L2: earthworm becomes thinner and longer Set 2 S1: when longitudinal muscle / muscle X contract, circular muscle / muscle Y

relaxes S2: earthworm becomes thicker and shorter

Any one set c F1: Z is intervertebral disc

E1: the vertebral column can’t move / shock is not absorbed // increase friction (between vertebral) leads to back pain

d F1: is caused by progressive degeneration and weaknesses of skeletal muscle P1: becaused of mutated gene on X chromosome P2: so mainly affects boys

e P1: Damage / ruin the diaphragm P2: diaphragm looses / less elasticity P3: volume of thoracic cavity / air pressure cannot be controlled P4: difficulties in breathing

QUESTION 2 - PAHANG JUJ Diagram 7.1 shows three different types of animals.

Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan tiga jenis haiwan yang berbeza.


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(a) Support in humans and animals is provided by a framework called a skeleton. Based on the above diagram, explain the skeleton. Sokongan dalam manusia dan haiwan dibantu melalui kerangka yang dinamakan rangka. Berdasarkan rajah di atas, terangkan tentang rangka tersebut.

[6 marks / markah]

[6 marks / markah]

Explain how movement shown in Diagram 7.2 is brought. Terangkan bagaimana pergerakan seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 7.2 dihasilkan.


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(c) High heels should not be used for walking. Describe briefly why wearing proper shoes can prevent foot problems. Kasut tumit tinggi tidak sepatutnya digunakan untuk berjalan. Terangkan secara ringkas mengapa kasut yang sesuai boleh mengelakkan masalah tapak kaki.

[4marks / markah] (d) Diagram 7.4 shows xylem vessels and sclerenchyma tissues in plant.

Rajah 7.4 menunjukkan salur xylem dan tisu sklerenkima dalam tumbuhan.

Like humans and animals, plants need support. Hence, it needs a strong stem and branches to support its weight. Explain how support in terrestrial plants is achieved through tissue modifications. Seperti mannsia dan haiwan, tumbuh-tumbuhan memerlukan sokongan. Maka, tumbuhan memerlukan batang yang kuat dan ranting untuk menyokong berat mereka. Terangkan bagaimana sokongan tumbuhan darat diperoleh melalui pengubahsuaian tisu.

[4marks / markah]


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Suggested Answer (a) Cacing tanah

C1 - rangka hidrostatik C2 - rongga badan dipenuhi bendalir Ikan F1 - rangka dalam / endoskeleton F2 – kerangka tetap yang terdiri daripada tulang dan rawan F3 - tempat perlekatan otot Serangga S1 - rangka luar / eksoskeleton S2 - struktur yang tetap/tidak berubah S3 – melindungi struktur dalaman daripada musnah

(b) P1 – kaki dibengkokkan P2 – otot B ialah bisep femoris dan otot C ialah kuadrisep femoris P3 – (otot B / bisep femoris) mengecut dan (otot C / kuadrisep femoris) mengendur P4 - otot betis mengecut dan membolehkan tumit diangkat P5 - tulang A ialah femur P6 - (tulang A / femur) menyokong berat badan P7 - daya dipindahkan daripada otot ke tulang melalui tendon P8 - tendon bersifat tidak kenyal / menghubungkan otot kepada tulang P9 – sendi engsel membenarkan pergerakan pembengkokan kaki / gerakan satu arah

(c) P1 – kasut tumit tinggi menyebabkan berat badan bertumpu ke atas tapak kaki bahagian depan P2 – (ini) boleh mencederakan tisu lembut / sendi / tulang tumit // tisu otot / betis menjadi regang // tisu tapak kaki menjadi bengkak P3 – kasut yang sesuai mempunyai tapak yang kuat / fleksibel / berkusyen P4 – (ini) mengelakkan kaki daripada permukaan yang keras

(d) Tumbuhan herba P1 – kesegahan sel parenkimia kolenkimia P2 – tekanan segah bendalir dalam vakuol P3 – penebalan dinding sel oleh selulosa / pektin P4 – (dan ini) memberikan sokongan mekanikal Tumbuhan berkayu K1 – mempunyai tisu sklerenkemia / xilem yang dinding berlignin // fiber yang panjang, lurus dan nipis // sclereids yang pendek, bulat dan tiada bentuk tetap K2 – trakeid mempunyai dinding yang berlignin K3 – tumbesaran sekunder membentuk xylem sekunder / kayu Tumbuhan akuatik A1 – tisu aerenkimia menyebabkan tumbuhan ringan A2 – menghasilkan ruang udara dalam batang A3 – pundi udara menyebabkan tumbuhan terapung A4 – akar serabut yang memerangkap gelembung udara


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Tumbuhan-tumbuhan lain L1 – akar banir tumbuh dari bahagian batang sebelah bawah pada pokok paya bakau L2 – sulur paut (pada hujung daun) melilit pada penyokong L3 – batang berduri (seperti pokok ros) melekat pada penyokong

QUESTION 3 - 2014 JOHOR BATU PAHAT (a) Diagram 7.1 and 7.2 shows the different types of joints.

Rajah 7.1 dan Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan jenis sendi yang berbeza.

Compare the joint in Diagram 1.1 and Diagram 7.2. Bandingkan sendi dalam Rajah 7.1 dan Rajah 7.2

[5marks]


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(b) Diagram 7.3 shows different positions of forearm during a movement. Rajah 7.3 menunjukkan kedudukan yang berlainan bagi lengan dalam satu pergerakan

Explain the action of the muscles which cause the movement of the forearm in Diagram 7.3 Terangkan tindakan otot-otot yang menyebabkan pergerakan lengan dalam Rajah 7.3.

[5marks]

(c) Diagram 7.4 showa a osteoarthritis. Rajah 7.4 menunjukkan pesakit osteoartritis


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Explain the causes and effect of osteoarthritis Terangkan punca dan kesan osteoarthritis

[5marks] (d) Diagram 7.5 shows locomotion in a grasshopper.

Rajah 7.5 menunjukkan pergerakan seeekor belalang.

Explain the action of the leg muscle during jumping. Terangkan tindakan otot kaki semasa melompat.

[5marks]


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Suggested Answer (a) Comparison hinge joint (H) and ball socket joint (B).

Similarities: F1: Both joint H and joint B has a cavity filled with synovial fluid//lined with synovial membrane. P1: Synovial fluid acts as lubricant to reduce friction between bones// absorbs shock of

the movement F2: The end surfaces of the humerus bone of joint H and joint B are covered with cartilage. P2: To protect the bone/ reduce friction between the bones. F3 Both joint H and B are connected with ligaments. P3: to absorb shock// reinforce/ strengthen the articulation of bones/ joint //prevent

dislocation of joint Differences: D1: Joint H allows the movement of bones in one plane/ direction while joint B allows

rotational movement of bones in all directions D2: Joint H is the point where the distal end of humerous articulates with the ulna and

radius while joint B is the point where proximal end of humerous articulates with the scapula

(b) Bending of Forearm Fl The action biceps muscles and triceps muscles are antagonistics P1: When biceps muscle contracts, P2: the triceps muscle relaxes, P3: The tendons transmit the pulling force produced by the contraction to the radius P4: resulting in the bending of elbow joint// the forearm moves upwards

(c) P1 : Arthritis is a skeletal disorder that involve inflammation of the joints. P2 : The joint become swollen, stiff and painful. P3 : One type of arthritis is called osteoarthritis. P4 : Osteoarthritis is part of the ageing process, and is caused by wear and tear of the cartilage inside certain joints. P5 : The ageing process may also result in a decreases production of synovial fluid in the joint. P6 : If treatment fails to relieve the pain, a surgeon can replace the damaged joints with artificial ones made of plastic or metal.

(d) P1: When the flexor muscle relax P2: the extensor muscle contract P3 the leg jerk backwards P4: propelling the grasshopper forwards and P5: upwards into the air


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QUESTION 4 - 2014 TERENGGANU Diagram 4 shown a part of the human body limb that involved in movement.

Rajah 4 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada anggota badan manusia yang terlibat dalam pergerakan.

a) Name the structure tissue R and the type of joint S Namakan struktur tisu R dan jenis sendi S

(i) R tissue / Tisu R: ……………………………………………………………… (ii) Type of joint S / Jenis sendi S: ………………………………….……………..

[2 marks] b) Explain the function of X muscle, Y muscle and structure R in produced the limb position

shows in Diagram 4. Terangkan peranan otot X, otot Y dan R dalam menghasilkan keadaan anggota seperti

dalam Rajah 4.

[3 marks] c) Explain why muscle X and Y must work in pair to produce the movement. Terangkan mengapa otot X dan Y mesti bekerja dalam pasangan bagi menghasilkan

pergerakan.

[2 marks]


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d) Based on Diagram 4, explain two importance of skeletal part in movement. Berdasarkan Rajah 4, terangkan dua kepentingan bahagian rangka tersebut dalam pergerakan __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

[2 marks] e) Explain what happened to the movement of arm if the tissue R is torn.

Terangkan apakah yang berlaku kepada pergerakan tangan jika tisu R terkoyak. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

[3 marks]. Suggestion Answers (a) R : Tendon

S : Ball and socket joint (b) F : Muscle X and muscle Y act as an antogonistic pair

P1 : Muscle Y / triseps contract while muscle X / biseps was relaxes P2 : to transfer the force by tendon / R tissue to the bone P3: (Tendon is inelastic and tough) pulled the ulna bone downward (and caused the forearm is straighten)

(c) F: The muscle can only contract / pull out P: It has to be extended back to it original lenght (to contract again) by the contraction of another muscle

(d) P1: provides surface area for muscle attachment P2: form the joints that enable the bone to move and allowing movement P3: support the body / forearm weight

( e ) F: the forearm cannot bend / straightens P1: when the muscle X or Y contract P2: the pulling force (produced by contraction of muscle) is not transmit to the radius / ulna


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QUESTION 5 - 2014 KEDAH MODUL 2 . Diagram 4.1 and 4.2 show two types of vertebrae in human body.

Rajah 4.1 dan 4.2 menunjukkan dua jenis vertebra dalam badan manusia.

(a) (i) Name the part labelled X and Y Namakan bahagiari berlabel X dan Y

X:_____________________________________________________________ Y:_____________________________________________________________

[2marks] (ii) State the function of structure X and Y

Nyatakan fungsi X dan Y

X:____________________________________________________________ Y:_____________________________________________________________

[2marks]

(b) Vertebrae in diagram 4.1 have a specific structures which can be used to differentiate it from others vertebrae.State the structure and their function. Vertebra P mempunyai satu struktur spesifik yang boleh digunakan untuk membezakannya daripada vertebrata lain. Nyatakan struktur itu dan fungsinya

Structure / struktur :....................................................................................................... Function / Fungsi :.......................................................................................................

[2marks]


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(c) Explain one feature of the vertebrae in Diagram 4.2 which is related to the mechanisme of respiration Terangkan satu ciri vertebra P yang berkaitan dengan mekanisme respirasi.

___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

[3 marks] (d) Diagram 4.3 show a knee joint. At the joint the bones are held together by the ligament

and each bone is covered by tissue Z. Rajah 4.3 menunjukkan sendi lutut. Pada sendi ini, tulang-tulang diikatkan bersama oteh ligamen dan setiap tulang dilitupi oleh tisu Z.

Explain the health problem may experienced by a person when tissue Z is worn out. Terangkan masalah kesihatan yang dialami oleh seseorang apabila tisu Z telah haus. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________


(a) (i) X : Neural canal Y: Spinous process

(ii) X : Provide the passage of spinal cord Y : Provides surface for the attachment of musles

(b) A pair of vertebrarterial canals To allow the vertebrae to pass through to the brain

(c) P1 Have two facet/articulating surfaces on the transverse process and the centrum P2 Forming point of the articulation for the rib // Attachment of rib to the

transverse process/ thoracic vertebrae P3 Allow the rib to move upwards and downwards P4 Has long spinal process / neural spine for muscles attachment to the rib cage


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(d) P1: Suffers from osteoarthritis P2: Z is a layer of cartilage P3: Cartilages degenerates / worn out and cause friction between the bone during

movement P4 : Joint is painful and the patient having difficulties in movement

FORM 5 BIOLOGY CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE QUESTION 1 - 2014 KEDAH MODUL 1 Diagram 5.1 shows the structure of a nephron in the human kidney.Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan struktur satu nefron dalam ginjal manusia.

(a)(i) Name the process that occurs at P.

Namakan proses yang berlaku pada P. ______________________________________________________________________

[1 mark] (ii) Explain how the process occurs at P.

Terangkan bagaimana proses ini berlaku pada P. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

[2 marks]


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(b) Explain one difference between the contents of Q and R. Terangkan satu perbezaan antara kandungan Q dan R. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

[2 marks]

(c) (i) Name the hormone that controls the permeability of the nephron to water. Namakan hormon yang mengawal ketelapan nefron terhadap air.

______________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(ii) Explain how the hormone named in (d)(i) is responsible in osmoregulation during a hot day.

Terangkan bagaimana hormon yang dinamakan dalan (d)(i) bertanggungjawab dalam osmokawalaturan semasa hari panas.

______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

[3 marks]

(d) Diagram 5.2 shows a dialysis rnechine which is used to treat a patient with kidney failure. The concentration of dialysis fluid is similar to blood plasma but without waste products. Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan mesin dialisis yang digunakan untuk merawat pesakit yang mengalami masalah ginjal gagal berfungsi. Kepekatan cecair dialysis adalah sama dengan plasma darah tetapi tanpa hasil-hasil buangan.


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(e) Explain why the concentration of dialysis fluid is similar to the blood plasma. Terangkan kenapa kepekatan cecair dialisis sama seperti plasma darah. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________


(a)(i) Ultrafiltration (ii) F : High hydrostatic pressure

P1: caused by the bigger diameter of the afferent arteriole compared to the efferent arteriole P2: many constituents of the blood to be filtered out into the Bowman's capsule

(b) P1: Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed at Q. P2: Glucose / amino acid is present in Q but absent in R. P3: R contain more urea / uric acid /ammonia compared to Q

(c) (i) ADH // Antidiuretic hormone (ii) During hot day, more sweat is produced

the blood osmotic pressure is high More ADH is secreted by pituitary gland Increases the permeability of collecting duct to water More water is reabsorbed Blood osmotic pressure back to normal Less urine produced // urine becomes more concentrated

(d) The concentration of urea and salts are higher in the blood compared to dialysis fluid As the blood flow through the coiled tubing / dialysis machine, excess urea and salts diffuse across the tubing walls into dialysis fluid. Therefore, urea and excess salts can be removed from the patient's blood. Osmotic pressure can be maintained at normal level


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QUESTION 2 - 2014 PAHANG Diagram 4.1 shows the regulation of blood glucose level. Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan pengawalaturan aras gula darah.

(a) (i) Name organ A and hormone B.

Namakan organ A dan hormon B. Organ A: ______________________________ Hormone B: ______________________________ [2 marks]

(ii) Explain why blood glucose level rises. Terangkan mengapa aras gula darah meningkat. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

[2 marks]

(iii) The normal range of blood glucose level in humans is 75-110mg/100ml. Explain what will happen if our blood glucose level is 60mg/100ml. Julat normal aras glukosa darah manusia ialah 75-110mg/100ml. Terangkan apakah yang akan berlaku jika aras tersebut ialah 60mg/100ml.

______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

[3 marks]


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(b) Diagram 4.2 shows a nephron. Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan nefron.

Explain the process occurs at structure D if a person undergoes sport activity. Terangkan proses yang berlaku di struktur D jika seseorang melakukan aktiviti sukan.

______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

[2 marks] (c) Parkinson’s disease typically affects victim around age 60. Research is underway to find a

cure for Parkinson’s disease by using stem cell transplantation. Explain briefly the disease. Penyakit Parkinson biasanya terjadi pada mangsa berumur 60 tahun. Kajian sedang dijalankan dengan menggunakan pemindahan sel stem untuk mendapatkan kaedah rawatan. Terangkan secara ringkas penyakit tersebut. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________


a.i Able to name organ A and hormone B Sample answers Organ A : Pancreas Hormone B: Insulin

a.ii Able to explain why blood glucose level rises Sample answers P1: because carry out vigorous exercise // sweating P2: because of meal / food / salted food / carbonated drink intake

a.iii Able to explain what will happen if our blood glucose level is 60mg/100ml Sample answers P1: negative feedback mechanism works P2: pancreas (is stimulated) to secrete glucagon P3: glucagon stimulates liver to breakdown glycogen into glucose P4: glucagon promotes lipid breakdown


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P5: which releases fatty acids P6: that can be metabolised for energy

b Able to explain the process occurs at proximal convoluted tubul if a person undergoes sport activity Sample answers P1: D is proximal convoluted tubul P1: (the process is) reabsorption P2: more water is reabsorbed

c Able to explain briefly Parkinson’s disease Sample answers P1: It is progressive disorder of the central nervous system P2: it affects muscular movement P3: causing tremor / trembling of arms / jaws / legs / face P4: difficulty in maintaining posture / impaired balance and coordination

QUESTION 3 - 2014 JOHOR BATU PAHAT Diagram 4.1 shows fear situation faced by a student. Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan situasi cemas yang dihadapi oleh seorang pelajar.

Diagram 4.2 shows a coordination mechanism in the body towards the situation that the situation that the student faced. Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan mekanisme koordinasi badan pelajar tersebut terhadap situasi yang dihadapinya.


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(a) (i) State gland Q and hormone R.

Nyatakan kelenjar Q dan hormon R. Gland Q / Kelenjar Q : ____________________________________________ Hormone K / Hormon R : __________________________________________

[2marks] (ii) Based on the diagram, state the function of brain.

Berdasarkan rajah di atas, nyatakan fungsi otak. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

[2 marks] (iii) Explain the effect of secretion of hormone R to lung and heart.

Terangkan kesan perembesan hormon R terhadap peparu dan jantung. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

[3 marks]


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(b) Sugar level in the blood is low. Explain how gland S can play the role to handle the situation above. Didapati paras gula dalam darah pelajar tersebut adalah rendah. Terangkan bagaimana kelenjar S boleh berperanan untuk menghadapi situasi di atas.

______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

[3 marks] (c) There are two option of responses that can be taken by the student. Explain both response

option to handle the situation above. Terdapat dua pilihan gerakbalas yang boleh diambil oleh pelajar tersebut. Jelaskan kedua-dua pilihan gerakbalas tersebut bagi menghadapi situasi di atas. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

[2 marks]

Suggested Answer (a)(i) Kelenjar Q : Kelenjar adrenal

Hormon R: Adrenalina (ii) • Menerima impuls saraf daripada reseptor

• Mentafsir maklumat lalu menghantar maklumat ke kelenjar Q (iii) Peparu

• Meningkatkan kadar penafasan Jantung • Meningkatkan kadar denyutan jantung • Meningkatkan tekanan darah • Meningkatkan pengaliran darah ke otot

(b) • Kelenjar S ialah pankreas • Pankreas merembeskan hormon glukagon untuk menukarkan glikogen kepada glukosa • Paras glukosa dalam darah meningkat • Kadar metabolisme turut meningkat untuk menghasilkan lebih banyak tenaga

(c) Gerakbalas ’Lawan’ – Menyerang balas terhadap ular / membunuh ular Gerakbalas ’Lari’ – Lari / menjatuhkan diri daripada ular


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QUESTION 4 - 2014 SELANOR SG. PELEK

Diagram 4.1 shows two different actions of the eye when exposed to different light intensity. Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan dua tindakan mata yang berbeza apabila terdedah kepada keamatan cahaya yang berbeza.

(a) (i) State what happens to the pupils in :

Nyatakan apakah yang berlaku kepada pupil dalam :

Bright light : _______________________________________ Cahaya terang Dim light : ________________________________________ Cahaya malap

[2 marks/2 markah]

(ii) Explain how the nervous system involved in the response of the pupil to the stimuli of the bright light. Terangkan bagaimana sistem saraf terlibat dalam tindakan pupil terhadap rangsangan kepada cahaya yang terang.

______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

[2 marks/2 markah]

(b) Name the type of action shown by the pupil. Namakan jenis tindakan yang ditunjukkan oleh pupil. ______________________________________________________________________

[1 mark/1 markah] (c) Justify your answer.

Jelaskan jawapan anda. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

[2 marks/2 markah]


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(d) Diagram 4.2 shows a baseball player trying to catch a ball. Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan seorang pemain bola lisut sedang cuba untuk menangkap bola.

Diagram 4.2/Rajah 4.2

(i) Name the receptor and effector involved in the action of the baseball player. Namakan reseptor dan efektor yang terlibat dalam tindakan yang dilakukan oleh pemain besbol itu.

Receptor : ______________________________________________ Reseptor Effector : _______________________________________________ Efektor

[2 marks/2 markah]

(ii) Suggest what will happen to the player if his efferent neurone is damage due to an injury. Cadangkan apakah yang akan berlaku kepada pemain itu jika neuron eferen rosak akibat suatu kecederaan. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

[2 marks/2 markah]

(iii) Which part of the brain controlled his action as shown in Diagram 4.2? Bahagian otak yang manakah mengawal tindakan lelaki seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 4.2?

_____________________________________________________________________ [1 mark/1 markah]


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Suggested Answer (a) (i) Able to state what happen to the pupils in :

Answer : Bright light : smaller size Dim light : Bigger size

(ii) Able to explain how the nervous system involved in the response. Answer : P1: Receptor in the eyes detect the stimulus P2: Impulses are sent from receptor to the central nervous system/brain P3 : via the afferent neurone

(b) Able to name the type of action. Answer : P1 : Involuntary action

(c) Able to justify your answer. Answer : P1: the action cannot be controlled by will P2 : occurs without conscious mind P3 : controlled by medulla oblongata

(d) (i) Able to name receptor and effector. Answer : Receptor : Eyes/retina/photoreceptor Effector : Muscles/skeletal muscles of the arm

(ii) Able to suggest what will happen if efferent neurone is injured. Answer : P1 : Impulses cannot be transmitted from brain to muscles P2 : the player cannot catch the ball

(iii) Able to state the part that controls the action. Answer : Cerebrum


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QUESTION 5 - 2014 KEDAH MODUL 2

Diagram 7.1 shows some scouts who suddenly saw a snake in front of them. They were frightened and ran as fast as they could away from the snake. Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan beberapa orang pengakap yang ternampak ular secara tiba-tiba di hadapan mereka. Mereka ketakutan dan berlari sepantas yang boleh daripada ular tersebut.

(a) Explain how the following organs or systems response in a fight or flight in the above situation Terangkan bagaimana organ dan sistem berikut bertindakbalas dalam situasi lawan atau undur dalam situasi di atas Eyes / Mata : ________________________________________ Brain / Otak : ________________________________________ Endocrine gland / Kelenjar endokrin : _____________________ Heart and Blood circulatory system / Jantung dan Sistem peredaran darah : _____________________________________________________________________ Muscular system / Sistem otot : ___________________________

[10 marks]


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(b) Tropism is a growth response of the shoot tips and root tips towards an external stimuli. Tropism is controlled by the plant hormone called auxins Diagram 7.2 shows the growth of seedlings under different condition. Trapisma ialah gerak balas hujung pucuk dan akar terhadap ransangan luar. Tropisma dikawal oieh hormon tumbuhan dikenali sebagai auksin Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan pertumbuhan anak benih di bawah keadaan berlainan.

.

Explain how auxins influences the response of shoot to sunlight Terangkan bagaimana auksin mempengaruhi gerakbalas pucuk terhadap cahaya matahari ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

[6 marks] (c) Describe how tropism benefits plants in their natural habitats

Jelaskan bagaimana tropisma berfaedah kepada tumbuhan dalam habitat semulajadinya. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

[4 marks]


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Suggested Answer (a) (i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

Able to explain how the following organs functions in a fight or flight situation P1: Eyes act as sense organ/receptor to detect a external stimulus / snake P2: A nerve impulse is transmitted to the brain. P3: Brain / Hypothalamus received the nerve impulse P4: Interpret the nerve impulse P5: Transmit nerve impulses to different effectors / adrenal gland / muscle / heart /

lungs. P6: Endocrine gland / Adrenal gland secrete adrenaline / noradrenaline. P7: Adrenaline / Norodrenoline hormone stimulate increase in heartbeat / breathing rate

/ blood pressure / blood glucose level / metabolic activity P8: Heart beats faster / blood pressure increases P9: More glucose / oxygen is transported in the blood to muscles P10: Muscles carry out cell respiration P11: More energy is produced P12: More muscle contraction P13: Legs can run faster

(b) P1: When the shoot / seedings / plants is exposed to the sun from all directions, auxin is distributed uniformly.

P2: The seedlings/plant grow straight upward P3: When the shoot'plant is exposed to the sun from one side, auxin is found in a higher

concentration at the side sheltered from the sun. P4: The different concentration causes the cell in the sheltered side to grow faster than

on the brighter side. P5: The shoot grows bending towards the sun. P6: The growth of plants towards the sun is called phototropism.

(c) Pl: (Phototropism) helps plant to get maximum amount of sunlight for photosynthesis P2: (Geotropism) assures that the roots grow into the soil to hold the plants firmly in

the soil. P3: (hydrotropism) help the roots to get water and mineral salts from the soil P4: (Thigmotropism ) enables plants with soft stem to climb on their support P5: to get maximum amount of sunlight for photosynthesis


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QUESTION 6 - 2014 JOHOR BATU PAHAT Diagram 8.1 shows the pathway of a reflex action or reflex arc, when the hand accidentally touches sharp needle. Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan laluan satu tindakan reflek atau arka reflek, semasa tangan tidak sengaja menyentuh jarum tajam.

KettleCerek

Diagram 8.1

Rajah 8.1

(a)(i) Define reflex action. Takrifkan tindakan reflek.

[2 markah] (ii) Based on Diagram 8.1, explain how reflex action functions to avoid the injury.

Berdasarkan Rajah 8.1, terangkan bagaimana tindakan reflek berfungsi untuk mengelakkan kecederaan.

[8 markah] (b) Table 8.1 shows some activities done by a human. Jadual 8.1 menunjukkan beberapa aktiviti yang dilakukan oleh manusia.

Eating Breathing Peristalsis Running Makan Bernafas Peristalsis Berlari

Table 8.1 / Jadual 8.1

(i) Based on Table 8.1, classify the activities into voluntary action and involuntary action. Berdasarkan Jadual 8.1, kelaskan aktiviti kepada tindakan terkawal dan tindakan luar kawal.

[ 2 markah ]

(ii) Explain the comparison and differences between voluntary action and involuntary action. Terangkan perbandingan dan perbezaan di antara tindakan terkawal dan tindakan luar kawal.

[ 8 markah ]


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Suggested Answer (a)(i) Dapat memberikan takrif tindakan reflek

P1 Tindakan balas yang cepat / serta merta /automatik P2 Hanya melibatkan saraf tunjang // Tidak melibatkan otak

(a)(ii) Dapat menghuraikan arka reflek berdasarkan Rajah 8.1 P1 Sakit adalah rangsangan P2 Reseptor mengesan rangsangan / sakit P3 dan mencetuskan impuls (saraf ) P4 Aferen neuron menghantar impuls ke interneuron / saraf tunjang P5 Impuls dipindahkan merentasi sinaps ( dalam jirim kelabu ) // Neuron

aferen bersinaps dengan interneuron dan kemudian bersinaps dengan neuron eferen

P6 Neuron eferen menghant impuls ke efektor / otot / bisep P7 Bisep akan mengecut P8 lalu menarik lengan daripada objek tajam

(b)(i) 8(b)(ii)

Dapat mengelaskan aktiviti kepada tindakan terkawal dan tindakan luar kawal Tindakan terkawal Tindakan luar kawal Makan Muntah Berlari Peristalsis

Dapat menerangkan perbandingan dan perbezaan tindakan terkawal dan tindakan luar kawal Persamaan : P1 Kedua-dua tindakan terkawal dan tindakan luar kawal melibatkan

koordinasi sistem saraf P2 Kedua-dua tindakan terkawal dan tindakan luar kawal merupakan

gerakbalas terhadap rangsangan yang diterima Perbezaan :

Tindakan Terkawal

Perbezaan Tindakan Luar Kawal

Mengikut kemahuan seseorang

Cara berlaku Tidak mengikut kemahuan seseorang

Berlaku di bawah kesedaran seseorang

Kesedaran Berlaku secara tidak disedari

Serebrum Pusat integrasi Medula oblongata

Rangsangan luar Rangsangan Rangsangan dalam Organ deria Reseptor Reseptor dalam

yang khusus Otot rangka Efektor Otot licin,otot kardiak

dan kelenjar


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FORM 5 BIOLOGY CHAPTER 4 REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH

QUESTION 1 - 2014 PAHANG Diagram 5.1 shows female hormonal levels during the menstrual cycle. Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan aras hormon perempuan semasa kitaran haid.

(a) (i) Based on Diagram 5.1, name hormone D and E. Berdasarkan Rajah 5.1, namakan hormon D dan E.

Hormone/Hormon D : ____________________________________________

Hormone/Hormon E : ___________________________________________ [2 marks]

[2 markah] (ii) Explain the function of hormone D and E. Terangkan fungsi hormon D dan E. Hormone/Hormon D : _________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

Hormone/Hormon E : ___________________________________________

____________________________________________

[2 marks] [2 markah]


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(iii) Relate the level of hormon F to changes in thickness of the endometrium. Hubungkaitkan aras hormon X dengan perubahan dalam ketebalan endometrium

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

[2 marks] [2 markah]

Diagram 5.1 shows the formation of identical twins. Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan pembentukan kembar seiras.

(b) (i) The production of sperm and ovum occurs through a cell division process. State the

process. Penghasilan sperma dan ovum berlaku melalui proses pembahagian sel. Nyatakan proses tersebut.

______________________________________________________________________

[1 mark] [1 markah]


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(i) There are two main types of twins based on their mode of formation, one of it is shown in Diagram 5.2. State the other types of the twins and two differences between the twins in table below. Terdapat dua jenis kembar berdasarkan mod pembentukan, salah satunya seperti ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 5.2. Nyatakan jenis kembar yang kedua dan perbezaan di antara keduanya dalam jadual di bawah.

Identical twins

[3 marks] [3markah]

(c) Why are annual growth rings very distinct in wood from temperate forests? Mengapa gelang tahunan pokok daripada hutan negara empat musim sangat jelas?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ [2 marks]

[2 markah] Suggested Answer a.i Hormone D: LSH / luteinising hormone

Hormone E: FSH / follicle stimulating hormone a.ii Hormone D: stimulates ovulation / growth of corpus luteum / secretion of oestrogen

and progesterone Hormone E: stimulates growth of follicles (in ovary)

a.iii P1: Hormone F is progesterone P2: (the hormone) is to maintain the thickening of endometrium / uterus wall P3: the higher level of progesterone, the thicker the endometrium / uterus wall

b.i Meiosis ii

Identical twins *Non identical / fraternal twins – 1 mark D1. A sperm fertilises an

ovum D1. 2 sperms fertilises 2 ovums seperately

D2. form an embryo // develop into a foetus

D2. forms 2 embryos // develop into 2 feotus


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D3. has one placenta D3. has 2 placenta D4. so, sharing placenta D4. has its own placenta D5. same genetic constituent D4. different genetic constituent D6. same physical features D6. different physical features D7. same gender D7. same / different gender

Any 2 + 1* c P1: the activity of vascular cambium is not uniform throughout the year

P2: in spring, the cambium is more active P3: and forms larger and thinner-walled xylem vessels P4: in autumn, the cambium less active P5: so forms narrower vessels/ fibre

QUESTION 2 - PAHANG JUJ Diagram 5.1 shows the structure of plant reproduction organ. Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan struktur organ pembiakan tumbuhan.

(a) Based on Diagram 5, name the structures W. X and Z.

Berdasarkan Rajah 5, namakan struktur W, X dan Z.

W: _____________________________________________________________________

X: _____________________________________________________________________

Z: _____________________________________________________________________

[3 marks]


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(b) (i) Explain the function of structure W. Terangkan fungsi struktur W.

_____________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

[2marks]

(ii) Describe the process occur when the structure W enters the structure X. Huraikan proses yang berlaku bila struktur W memasuki struktur X.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

[3marks] (c) Explain the process in (b)(ii) is important for the survival of flowering plant.

Terangkan bagaimana proses dalam (b)(ii) penting untuk kemandirian tumbuhan berbunga. ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

[3marks] (d) Suggest how to prevent the germination of structure P.

Cadangkan bagaimana mencegah percambahan struktur P. ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

[2marks] Suggested Answer

(a) W: Tiub debunga X: Pundi embrio Y: Gamet jantan

(b) (i)

P1 - (tiub debunga) memanjang dan bertumbuh melalui stil P2 - ke arah ovari/ ovul P3 - dengan merembeskan enzim untuk mencernakan / menguraikan tisu yang dilaluinya

(ii) P1 - Satu gamet jantan/ struktur Z bercantum dengan sel telur untuk menghasilkan zigot diploid

P2: Gamet jantan yang satu lagi akan bercantum dengan dua nukleas kutub untuk membentuk nukleus (endosperma) yang triploid

P3 - dikenali sebagai persenyawaan ganda dua


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(c) P1 : (Akibat pembahagian secara meiosis), mewujudkan variasi dalam keturunan P2: zigot diploid yang terhasil memastikan maklumat genetik dapat diturunkan dalam

spesies yang sama. P3: memastikan makanan embrio tersedia ada semasa percambahan biji benih bagi

menjamin kejayaan anak tumbuhan P4: Buah melindungi biji benih dan membantu pencaran biji benih ke tempat yang jauh P5: Memastikan persaingan intraspesies dapat dielakkan untuk menjamin kejayaan

kemandirian tumbuhan (d) P1 : letakkan di tempat yang kering

P2 : simpan di dalam bekas yang kedap udara QUESTION 3 - 2014 JOHOR BATU PAHAT Diagram 5.1 shows a formation process of sprem in a human testis. Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan proses pembentukan sperma dalam testis manusia.

(a)(i) Name cell A and state the number of chromosome in cell A and cell B.

Namakan sel berlabel A dan nyatakan bilangan kromosom sel A dan sel B. CellA/SelA: _________________________________________________________


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(ii) Explain what is happen that cause the difference number of chromosome between cell A

and cell B. Terangkan apa yang berlaku yang menyebabkan perbezaan bilangan kromosom antara

sel A dan sel B.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

[2marks] (b) Explain the importance of gamete in humans.

Terangkan kepentingan pembentukan gamet dalam manusia.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

[2marks] (c) Diagram 5.2 below ii a graph that shows the level of progesterone hormone until day 16 in

menstruation cycle of a woman. Rajah 5.2 di bawah ialah graf yang menunjukkan aras hormon progesteron sehingga hari ke-16 dalam kitar haid pada seorang wanita.


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Fertilisation process is not occur. Didapati bahawa proses persenyawaan tidak berjaya berlaku. (i) In the graph above, complete the graph to shows the level of progesterone hormone after

day 16 in that woman. Pada graf di atas, lengkapkan graf tersebut bagi menunjukkan aras hormon progesteron selepas hari ke-16 pada wanita tersebut.

[1 mark] (ii) Based on your answer in (e)(i), explain the relationship between the level of progesterone

hormone with mestruction cycle in that woman. Berdasarkan jawapan pada (e)(i), terangkan hubungan aras hormone progesteron

dengan kitar haid pada wanita tersebut.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

[2marks] (d) Human chorionic gonadotrophin hormone (HCG) has a similar role to luteinising hormone

(LH). Hormon korionik gonadotrop (HCG) manusia mempunyai peranan yang sama seperti hormon peluteinan (LH). A woman has a problem conceiving due the failure in ovulation. The woman becomes pregnant after a doctor has given her injection of HCG. Seorang wanita menghadapi masalah tidak boleh hamil disebabkan kegagalan dalam pengovulan. Wanita itu telah hamil selepas doktor memberikannya suntikan HCG. Explain how HCG injection enable the process of pregnancy. Terangkan bagaimana suntikan HCG membolehkan proses kehamilan.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

[3marks]


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Suggested Answer (a) (i)

Set A: Spermatosit primer

(ii) - Sel B mempunyai bilangan kromosom yang separuh daripada sel A

- Setelah menjalani proses pembahagian meiosis (b) - Bagi mengekalkan bilangan kromosom diploid (2n) dari generasi ke generasi

- Membolehkan variasi genetik berlaku pada keturunan - Meningkatkan kesinambungan spesies

(c) (i)

Pada grad di atas, lengkapkan graf tersebut bagi menunjukkan aras hormon progesterone selepas hari ke-15 pada wanita tersebut.


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QUESTION 4- 2014 KELANTAN Diagram 5.1 shows the thickness of endometrium wall of a normal female while Diagram 5.2 shows the follicle development in ovaries and menstrual cycle calendar. Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan penebalan dinding endometrium seorang wanita normal manakala Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan perkembangan folikel dalam ovari serta kalendar kitar haid.

Diagram 5.2 (a)(i) Name the process L Namakan proses L

______________________________________________________________________ [1 markah ]

(ii) State the hormone which causes the process in (a)(i) Nyatakan hormon yang menyebabkan proses di (a)(i)

______________________________________________________________________ [1 markah ]

(b) Complete the diagrams of the follicle development in boxes M and N

Lengkapkan rajah perkembangan folikel dalam petak M dan N [2 markah]


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(c)(i) On diagram 5.1, complete the graph to show the changes in thickness of endometrium wall based menstrual cycle calendar on diagram 5.2 Pada rajah 5.1, lengkapkan graf untuk menunjukkan perubahan pada ketebalan dinding endometrium berdasarkan calendar kitaran haid pada rajah 5.2

[1 markah ]

(ii) Explain why the thickness of the endometrium changes in the way shown in (c)(i) Terangkan mengapa ketebalan dinding endometrium berubah seperti yang ditunjukkan di (c)(i)

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

[3 markah ] (d) A modern woman takes family planning pills which containing estrogen and progesterone

hormone to make sure them not get pregnant. Explain the effect of this hormone in preventing pregnancy. Wanita moden mengambil pil perancang keluarga yang mengandungi hormon estrogen dan progesteron untuk memastikan mereka tidak hamil. Terangkan kesan hormon ini dalam membantu mencegah kehamilan. ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

[ 4 markah ]


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Suggested Answer (a )(i) (ii) (b) (c)(i)

(ii) (d)

Pengovulan/ovulasi Hormon LH

Boleh menerangkan mengapa ketebalan dinding endometrium berubah : Pada hari ke 24, korpus luteum mulai merosot

Penghasilan hormone progesterone oleh korpus luteum semakin berkurang - aras proesteron yang semakin berkurang menyebabkan dinding endometrium

runtuh - menyebabkan haid Boleh menerangkan kesan hormon estrogen dan progesteron dalam membantu mencegah kehamilan : - estrogen dalam pil perancang merencat penghasilan FSH - menyebabkan folikel graf tidak berkembang - tiada penghasilan oosit sekunder - progesteron dalam pil perancang pula merencat penghasilan FSH dan LH - ketiadaan FSH menyebabkan folikel graf tidak berkembang - ketiadaan LH menyebabkan ovulasi tidak berlaku - perempuan tidak akan hamil


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QUESTION 5 - MELAKA POTENSI GEMILANG Diagram 10 shows a longitudinal section of a flower during fertilization. Rajah 10 menunjukkan keratan membujur bunga semasa persenyawaan.

(a) Name the structures W, X, Y and Z. Namakan struktur W, X, Y dan Z.

W: ________________________

X : ________________________

Y : ________________________

Z : ________________________

[4marks] (b)(i) Draw a section through the ovule, showing all cells in Y. Labels the cells involved in

fertilization. Lukis keratan melalui ovul yang menunjukkan semua sel dalam Y. Label sel-sel yang terlibat dalam persenyawaan.

[3marks]

(ii) What is the significance of having two Z structures in the feitilization? Apakah signifikan mempunyai dua struktur Z dalam persenyawaan?

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

[2 markah]


63

(c) Structure V has to be kept dormant for future research purposes. Struktur V hendak disimpan dorman untuk kegunaan penyiasatan di masa depan. (i) Explain how V can be prevented from germinating.

Jelaskan bagaimana V boleh dielakkan daripada bercambah.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

[2 markah]

(ii) Suggest one method to stimulate the germination of V if it is to be germinated. Cadangkan satu kaedah untuk merangsang percambahan V jika ia ingin dicambahkan.

______________________________________________________________________ [1 markah]

Susgested Answers

(a)

W: Pollen tube / pollen Tiub debungan X : Ovary / Ovari Y : Embryo sac / Pundi embrio Z : Male gamate / Gamet jantan

(b) (i)

(ii) - One Z structure fertilizes an egg cell to form a diploid zygote.

Satu struktur Z memsenyawakan satu sel telur untuk membentuk zigot diploid - One more Z structure fuses with two polar nuclei to form a triploid zygote Satu lagi struktur Z bergabung dengan dua nukleus kutub membentuk zigot triploid

(c) (i)

- Keep V in a dry place / Simpan V di tempat kering - Moisture initiates germination. / Kelembapan mencetuskan percambahan

(ii) Spraying a surgary solution onto V. / Menyembur larutan gula ke atas V.


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QUESTION 6 - MELAKA POTENSI GEMILANG Diagram 11 shows two types of twins Rajah 11 menunjukkan dua jenis anak kembar

(a) (i) Name the types of twins X and twins Y.

Namakan jenis kembar X dan Y.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

[2 markah] (ii) Explain how wins Y are formed.

Jelaskan bagaimana kembar Y terbentuk.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

[2 markah] (b) State two functions of placenta.

Nyatakan dua fungsi plasenta.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

[2 markah]


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(c) State two differences between twins X and Y. Nyatakan dua perbezaan antara kembar X dan Y. ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

[2 markah] (d) Explain why twins X that are brought up by two different adopted families do not have the

same body size when they are adult. Jelaskan mengappa kembar X yang dibesarkan oleh dua keluarga angkat yang berbeza tidak serupa badan size apabila dewasa. ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

[2 markah] (e) Give two reasons why a woman who is pregnant should not smoke.

Berikan dua sebab mengapa seorang perempuan yang disahkan hamil tidak patut merokok. ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

[2 markah] Susgested Answers

(a) (i)

X : Identical twins Kembar seiras Y : Fraternal twins Kembar tak seiras

(ii) When two ova are released from an ovary at the same time, the ova are fertilised by two different sperms at the same time and two different zygotes are formed, Apabila dua ovum dibebaskan dari ovari pada masa yang sama, setiap ovum disenyawakan oleh dua sperma berlainan pada masa yang sama dan dua zigot berlainan terbentuk.

(b) - Provides nutrients for the growth of the foetus Membekalkan nutrien untuk perkembangan fetus - Secretes oestrogen and progesterone Merembaskan oestrogen dan progesteron

(c) - Twins X share the same placenta whereas twins Y have separate placentae. Kembar X berkongsi satu plasenta yang sama manakala kembar Y mempunyai

plasenta yang berbeza. - Twins X are similar in physical apperance but twins Y are not. Kembar X sama dari segi rupa fizikal manakala kembar Y tidak

(d) They have different eating habits and different daily activities. Mereka mempunyai tabiat makan yang berbeza dan aktiviti harian yang berbeza

(e) - Nicotine can diffuse through the placenta to the foetus and may cause brain damage Nikotin boleh meresap melalui plasenta kepada fetus dan boleh menyebabkan


66

kerosakan otak - Carbon monoxide can diffuse through the placenta to the foetus and will deprive the

foetal tissues from obtaining oxygen. Karbon monoksida boleh meresap melalui plasenta ke fetus dan akan menghalang

tisu fetus daripada mendapat oksigen QUESTION 7 - 2014 SELANGOR SG. PELEK Diagram 5 shows the ovarian cycle in human. Rajah 5 menunjukkan kitar ovari dalam manusia.

(a) Name structures P and R.

Namakan struktur P dan R. P : _________________________________________________________________

R : ________________________________________________________________

[2 marks/2 markah]

(b) Explain how structure Q can be released from the ovary.

Terangkan bagaimana struktur Q dibebaskan daripada ovari.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

[2 marks/2 markah]

(c) (i)Explain the role of R if fertilisation takes place in the fallopian tube.

Terangkan peranan R jika persenyawaan berlaku dalam tiub falopian.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

[2 marks/2 markah]


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(ii) Justify how pregnant mother can maintain her pregnany as R will degenerates after

three months of pregnancy. Jelaskan bagaimana ibu yang sedang mengandung itu boleh mengekalkan kehamilannya apabila R musnah selepas tiga bulan kehamilannya.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

[2 marks/2 markah]

(d) After giving birth, mothers are encouraged to give some colostrum (mother’s milk) to the baby. Explain the importance of colostrum to the newborn. Selepas melahirkan anak, ibu-ibu digalakkan memberikan kolostrum (susu ibu) kepada bayinya. Terangkan kepentingan kolostrum kepada bayi yang baru lahir itu. ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

[2 marks/2 markah]

(e) A happily married couple unable to have children because the wife has a blockage in the Fallopian tube. Describe how the couple can overcome this condition to have their own baby. Satu pasangan bahagia yang telah berkahwin tetapi mereka gagal mendapat anak kerana tiub Fallopian isteri tersumbat. Huraikan bagaimana pasangan tersebut mengatasi masalah itu bagi mendapat anak mereka sendiri. ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

[2 marks/2 markah] Susgested Answers

(a) P : Graafian follicle R : Corpus luteum

(b) Able to name how structure Q is released from the ovary. P1 : by ovulation P2 : due to high concentration of LH P3 : cause rupture of Graafian follicle

(c) (i) Able to explain the role of R if fertilisation takes place. Answer : P1 : R secretes progesterone


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P2 : to thicken the endometrium P3 : for implantation of embryo in uterus

(ii)

Able to justify how pregnant mother can maintain her pregnancy if R degenerates. Answer : P1 : Placenta will take over the role of R P2 : by secreting progesterone P3 : to maintain the thickness of endometrium

(d) Able to explain the importance of colostrum. Answer : P1 : colostrum is rich with antibodies from mother P2 : provide temporary immunity to baby against infection P3 : give passive natural immunity

(e) Able to describe how the couple overcome infertility. Answer : P1: carry out in vitro fertilisation (IVF) or GIFT P2 : ovum from the wife and sperm from the husband are fertilised in the test tube containing culture solution P3 : then embryo is inserted into the wife’s uterus for implantation

QUESTION 8 - 2014 SELANGOR SG. PELEK Diagram 8.1 shows the structure of a flower. P, Q and R are parts of the flower that plays a role in reproduction. Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan struktur suatu bunga. P, Q dan R adalah bahagian pada bunga yang memainkan peranan dalam pembiakan.

(a) Identify the parts P, Q, and R of a flower and explain how they help to ensure the survival of

the plants in the ecosystem. Kenal pasti bahagian P, Q, dan R suatu bunga dan terangkan bagaimana mereka membantu memastikan kemandirian tumbuhan dalam suatu ekosistem.

[6 marks/6 markah]


69

(b) Diagram 8.2 shows a process that occurs in the stigma of a flower.

Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan suatu proses yang berlaku dalam stigma bunga.

Discuss the process that occurs to the pollen. Bincangkan proses yang berlaku kepada debunga.

[4 marks/4 markah]

(c) Diagram 8.3 shows the growth curve of an insect. Rajah 8.3 menunjukkan lengkung pertumbuhan suatu serangga.


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(i) Explain process X in the growth curve. Terangkan proses X dalam lengkung pertumbuhan tersebut.

[5 marks/5 markah]

(ii) Diagram 8.4 (a) and 8.4 (b) show two types of plants. Rajah 8.4 (a) dan 8.4 (b) menunjukkan dua jenis tumbuhan.

Based on the growth curve, discuss the similarities and differences between the two plants. Berdasarkan lengkung pertumbuhan, bincangkan persamaan dan perbezaan di antara kedua-dua tumbuhan tersebut.

[5 marks/5 markah]


71

Susgested Answers

(a) Sample answer :

Parts Function P is anther

- To produce pollen grains for fertilization - As male reproductive organ

Q is ovary

- Contain ovule/embryo sac for fertilization - Become fruits after fertilization - As female reproductive organ

R is petal

- Colourful to attract pollination agent/insects for pollination

. (b) P1: when pollen/pollen grains landed on stigma, sucrose solution is secreted

P2 : to stimulate germination of pollen P3 : Pollen tube grows from the pollen P4 : In the pollen tube, generative nucleus divides by mitosis to form two male gametes P5 : The pollen tube nucleus leads the male gametes towards the ovary P6 : when the pollen tube reach the ovary, the tube nucleus disintegrates and burst open the

pollen tube P7 : to allow the male gemmates to enter the ovary through the micropyle

(c) P1 : Process X is ecdysis P2 : For growth, the insect sucks in air to break the old exoskeleton P3 : to expand its body to increase the size P4 : before the old exoskeleton hardens P5 : occurs periodically/several times until adult P6 : produce a step-like growth curve

(a) Similarities : P1 : Both show sigmoid growth curve P2 : Both have xylem and phloem to transport water and food for growth Differences

Diagram 8.4 (a) Diagram 8.4 (b) Annual plant Perennial plant Undergo primary growth Undergo primary and secondary

growth Do not have woody tissue Have woody tissue Do not have lateral meristem Have lateral meristem Do not have annual rings Have annual rings Do not have thick bark Have thick bark Usually short Usually tall Have short life span Have long life span


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QUESTION 9 - 2014 KEDAH MODUL 2 Diagram 5 shows the hormones involve in a menstrual cycle

Rajah 5 menunjukkan hormon-hormon yang terlibat dalam satu kitaran haid.

(a) What is the function of oestrogen and progesterone in menstrual cycle?

Oestrogen : _______________________________________________

Progesterone : ____________________________________________

[2 marks]


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(b) Diagram 5.2 shows the information about the oral contraceptive pills.

Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan informasi mengenai pil pencegah kehamilan.

Explain how the pill works in controlling birth.

Terangkan bagaimana pit ini berfungsi dalam pengawalan kelahiran, ________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

[3 marks/3 markah]


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(c) Diagram 5.3 shows how the seed is formed in plant.

Rajah 5.3 menunjukkan bagaimana biji benih dihasilkan dalam tumbuhan.

(i) State the process occur in the ovule.

Nyatakan proses yang berlaku dalam ovul ______________________________________________________________________

[1 markah ] (ii) Describe how the endosperm and embryo are formed.

Embryo : ________________________________________________

Endosperm : ______________________________________________

[4 marks] (iii) Diagram 5.4 shows the plant in Diagram 5.3 also can be reproduced through tissue

culture.

Rajah 5.4 menunjukkan tumbuhan dalam Rajah 5.3 juga boleh dihasilkan melalui kaedah kultur tisu.


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Explain one advantage producing plants by using the method in Diagram 5.4.

Terangkan satu kebaikan menghasilkan tumbuhan dengan menggunakan kaedah dalam Rajah 5.4

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

[2 markah ] Suggested Answer

(a) Oestrogen : to heal and repair the uterine wall / endometrium // to stop the pituitary gland to produce FSH Progesterone : To stimulate the growth and development of blood vessels in the endometrium / thicken the endometrium

(b) P1 : oestrogen and progesterone to stop the pituitary gland to produce FSH // progesterone will stop pituitary gland to produce LH

P2 : Without FSH, primary follicle will not be able to develop become Graafian follicle.

P3 : Without Graafian follicle, no ovulation will occur // without LH, no ovulation will occur

P4 : No secondary oocyte will be released // No fertilization occur. (c) (i)

Double fertilization

(ii) Embryo P1 : one of the male gamete / sperm nucleus fuse with the egg cell P2 : to form zygote P3 : zygote will (divide by mitosis to) form embryo Endosperm P4 : one of the male gamete / sperm nucleus fuse with the two polar nuclei P5 : to form a triploid nucleus P6 : triploid nucleus (divide by mitosis to) form endosperm


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(iii) P1 : tissue culture P2 : Can be produced in big number P3 : Can be produced at any time P4 : All the offspring have the same genetic material P5 : All the offspring inherits the good traits from the parent

QUESTION 10 - 2014 TERENGGANU (a) Diagram 7.1 shows the development of pollen. Rajah7.1 menunjukkan perkembangan debunga.

Describe the development of pollen based on the diagram above. Huraikan perkembangan debunga berdasarkan rajah di atas.

[ 4 marks]

(b) Diagram 7.2 shows the mature carpel where the process of double fertilisation occurs in

the plant. Explain the process. Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan karpel matang dimana proses persenyawaan gandadua dalam tumbuhan berlaku.Terangkan proses tersebut.

Diagram 7.2 // Rajah 7.2

[6 marks]


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(c) Diagram 7.3 shows the process of secondary growth in plant. Rajah 7.3 menunjukkan proses pertumbuhan sekunder dalam tumbuhan.

Diagram 7.3 // Rajah 7.3

Based on the above diagram, explain the process of secondary growth in plant Berdasarkan rajah di atas, terangkan proses pertumbuhan sekunder dalam tumbuhan.

[6 marks]

(d) Explain the important of secondary growth in plant. Terangkan kepentingan pertumbuhan sekunder dalam tumbuhan.

[4 marks]


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Susgested Answers (a) E1: pollen mother cell ( diploid) undergo meiosis I

E2: 2 cell stage of pollen cell (haploid) is form E3: 2 cell stage undergo meiosis II E4: tetrad stage is form E5: after the secretion of cell wall, the pollen is form

(b) E1- The pollen tube grows down the style towards the ovule E2- The sugar solution (sucrose) secreted by the stigma stimulates the pollen grain to

germinate and form a pollen tube E3- The generative nucleus divides by mitosis to form two male gamete nuclei E4- The male gamete nuclei move down the pollen tube led by the tube nucleus E5- When the pollen tube reaches the ovary, it penetrates the ovule through the

micropyle E6- The tube nucleus degenerates, leaving a clear passage for the male nuclei to enter

the embryo sac E7- Double fertilization occurs in the ovule. One male nucleus fuses with the egg

nucleus to form a diploid zygote(2n) E8- The other male nucleus fuses with the two polar nuclei to form a triploid nucleus

(c) F1: Vascular cambium divides actively radially E1: forming cambium ring/ intervascular cambium F2: Cambium cells divides tangently, E2: cell in the outside differentiate to form secondary phloem E3: while the inner cell differentiate to form secondary xylem E4: primary xylem pushed towards the pith E5: and primary phloem pushed towards the epidermis E6: the walls of secondary xylem will be thickened with lignin E7: this give tissues mechanical strength to support the plant E8: the tissues outside become increasingly compressed E9: the circumference/ diameter increased caused the epidermis to be stretched E10:the ruptured epidermis will be replaced by cork as a result of the activity of cork

cambium F3: cork cambium divides tangently E11:form secondary cortex/inner cell and cork/ outer cell

(d) P1: Increase the diameters of the plant stems and roots for additional mechanical support P2: Produces secondary xylem called wood to support and strengthen the growing plant P3: Produces more secondary phloem and secondary xylem to accommodate the increase

in demand for water, mineral and organic nutrient P4: produced new phloem and xylem tissues to replace old and damaged ones P5: Produces a thick and tough bark which reduces evaporation of water from the surface

of stem, also protects the plant against of insect and parasite fungi P6: Increase the opportunities to produce seeds and propagate as plant that undergo

secondary growth live longer P7: produce large quantities of fruit for local consumption and export


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form 5 biology chapter 1 : transport · koleksi soalan spm (kertas percubaan negeri) modul 1 form 5...

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