There are 2 main groups of animal

a) Vertebrates Animals in this group have backbones. b) Invertebrates Animals in this group do not have backbones.

The number of invertebrates is much more than the number of vertebrates. It is estimated that there are 1 200 000 types of invertebrates but there are only about 47 000 types of vertebrates.

The classification of animals is shown in the diagram.

Mammals do not have Fish backbones Reptiles use external

Birds skeletal system Amphibians which comprises

Backbones of hard outer shell Use internal skeletal or special body

system to support fluids to support their body their bodies

1.Vertebrates are classified based on their common characteristics. a) Habitats i Where they live naturally b) Warm-blooded (homoeothermic) or cold-blooded (poikilothermic) i Warm-blooded animals can maintain their body temperature regardless environment.

Vertebrates Invertebrates

animals

ii The body temperature of cold-blooded animals changes with their environment.C) Ways of movementi This involves the organ and the mechanism for movement.D) The nature of body surfacei The body covering of an organisms is influenced by its environment.E) Breathing organi Breathing mechanism differs in animals living on land or in water.F) Type of fertilizationi This involves external or internal fertilization.

INVERTEBRATES

1. Animals that do not have backbones are called invertebrates such as earthworm, cockroach, prawn, mosquito, ect.

2. Most of the invertebrates have small and simple body structures.3. Some invertebrates obtain support from HYDROSTATIC SKELETON that

is the fluid inside their body. The pressure applied by the fluid towards the inner part of the skin gives support and shape to the animal.

4. Some invertebrates have exoskeletons.5. Invertebrates are divided into 2 groups.

a) Invertebrates that have jointed legsb) Invertebrates that do not have jointed legs

Info>>Jointed legs: 3, 4 or more than 4 of jointed legs.No jointed legs: Worm-like invertebrates and non-worm-like invertebrates.

Invertebrates with jointed legs1. Their body is divided into many parts called segments.2. Their body is protected by a hard exoskeleton.

INVERTEBRATES WITHOUT JOINTED LEGS1. Animals in this group consists of: a) worm-like invertebrates i Some of them have segmented body while some do not have segmented bodyii Some examples are flatworm and earthworm.b) Non-worm-like invertebratesi Some examples are jellyfish, snail and starfish.

Organisms exist in different shapes and sizes. Living organisms have common general characteristics in

order to survive in their specific habitats.

CONSUME FOOD>>FOOD IS NEEDED BY ALL LIVING ORGANISMS AS A SOURCE OF ENERGY AS WELL AS FOR GROWTHMOVEMENT>>ANIMALS MOVE FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER IN SEARCH OF FOOD, MATE OR PROTECTION.GROWTH PROCESS>>ALL ORGANISMS UNDERGO GROWING PROCESSES.RESPONSE>>ALL ORGANISMS CAN DETECT AND RESPOND TO CHANGES IN THEIR ENVIRONMENT.RESPIRATION>>PLANTS TAKE IN CARBON DIOXIDE AND RELEASE OXYGEN DURING PHOTOSYNTHESIS.REPRODUCTION>>LIVING THINGS PRODUCE OFFSPRING TO ENSURE THEIR SPECIES.EXCRETION>>ORGANISMS MUST EXPEL WASTE PRODUCT FROM THEIR BODY.

Plants are divided into 2 main groups.

RESPIRATION

REPRODUCTION

EXCRETION

RESPONSE

CONSUME FOOD

MOVEMENT

GROWTH PROCESS

a) Flowering plantsb) Non-flowering plants

FLOWERING PLANTS1. Flowering plants produce flowers, which are their reproductive organs.2. The fertilization of the ovules in a flower produces seeds and the ovary becomes a fruit.3. The seed contains carbohydrates that supply energy during germination.4. The seeds may have 1 or 2 seed leaves which are called cotyledons. Therefore, plants are grouped based on the number of cotyledons in the seed.5. Monocotyledonous plants produce seeds with 1 cotyledon.6. Dicotyledonous plants produce seeds with 2 cotyledons.

Monocotyledons Dicotyledons

Flowering

Non-flowering

MossesConifers

Ferns Algae

Non-flowering

Non-flowering do not produce flower.

Some of them produce spores in order to reproduce

Non-flowering plants are divided into 4 groups.

MossesFernsConifersAlgae

The existence of a large number of different kinds of animals and plants in their natural habitat is known as biodiversity or biological diversity.

The presence of all living organisms on Earth is important in order to create a balanced environment.

Steps must be taken to protect these endangered species, which includes: Enforce legislation, such as the banning of hunting, collecting or trading

of these wildlife or any their organs. Protect their habitats. Set up natural reserves. Help them to breed in an enclosed area or zoos. Formulate educational programmers and campaigns to increase awareness.

among the public about the importance of biodiversity to the environment.

People in the order parts of the world depend on wheat and potato as their staple food.

The existence of these flora and fauna makes Malaysian one of the most beautiful countries in the world.

Task1 Page

Definition

Classification a) Organisms b) Plants

Characteristic a) Organisms b) Plants

Examples a) Organismb) Plants

Importance of diversity

References

Task2 {exercise}

Classify Classes of vertebrates Differences between sugarcane and durian Endangered species Why a whale not a fish

Task3

5 objective questions

Task2

Classify the following animals according to their class.

Hornbills, squirrels, newt, platypus, dolphin salamander, porcupine, pangolin, penguin, snake

Hornbills:Squirrels:Newt:Platypus:Dolphin salamander:Porcupine:Pangolin: Penguin: Snake:

States the class(es) of vertebrates with each following characteristic.

a) Lay eggs:b) Have constant body temperature:

c) External fertilizer:d) Breathe through gills:e) Body covered with hard and dry scales:f) Give birth to live young:

Give three differences between a sugarcane and durian.

The leatherback turtles are one of the endangered species. a) What is the meaning of endangered species?

Facing the treat of becoming extinct b) Suggest 2 ways to increase the population of these turtles.

Stop illegal hunting and stop illegal loggingA whale is classified as a mammal and not a fish. Give three reasons for this statement.

Warm-blooded, use lungs to breathe, internal fertilization

Task3

1. A place where organisms live naturally is called a a) Home b) Habitat

c) Mansion d) Palace

2. Which of the following is a mammal? a) Bat b) Kingfisher c) Eagle d) Ostrich

3. Which of the following is a feature of an eel? a) Breathe through gills b) Gives milk to its young c) Warm-blooded d) Gives birth

4. The grouping of living organisms is called a) Division b) Addition c) Assortment d) Classification

5. Which of the following accountants for more than 90% of the world’s animal species? a) Mammals b) Invertebrates c) Fish d) Reptiles