foam enhancement of sweep in fracture system wei yan george j. hirasaki clarence a. miller chemical...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Foam Enhancement of sweep in Fracture System Wei Yan George J. Hirasaki Clarence A. Miller Chemical Engineering Department, Rice University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081503/56649d1f5503460f949f3ced/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Foam Enhancement of sweep in Fracture System
Wei Yan
George J. Hirasaki
Clarence A. Miller
Chemical Engineering Department, Rice University
![Page 2: Foam Enhancement of sweep in Fracture System Wei Yan George J. Hirasaki Clarence A. Miller Chemical Engineering Department, Rice University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081503/56649d1f5503460f949f3ced/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Objective
• Study the diversion of liquid in heterogeneous fracture network with foam
![Page 3: Foam Enhancement of sweep in Fracture System Wei Yan George J. Hirasaki Clarence A. Miller Chemical Engineering Department, Rice University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081503/56649d1f5503460f949f3ced/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Foam flow in fractures experiment setup
Fracture model
Syringe pump
Air mass flow controllerFoam generator
Computer for recording pressure difference
Surfactant solution
Air
Transducer
Frit
HP digital camera
![Page 4: Foam Enhancement of sweep in Fracture System Wei Yan George J. Hirasaki Clarence A. Miller Chemical Engineering Department, Rice University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081503/56649d1f5503460f949f3ced/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Experiment conditions
Surfactant: 0.5% C13-4PO+0.5% CS330Salinity: 0.23% NaCl, 0.07% CaCl2, 0.04%
MgCl2Aperture: 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.1 mm/0.2 mm
(1:2), 0.05 mm/0.15 mm (1:3)Fractional gas flow: 0~0.9Bubble diameter: 0.4 mm, 0.6 mm
![Page 5: Foam Enhancement of sweep in Fracture System Wei Yan George J. Hirasaki Clarence A. Miller Chemical Engineering Department, Rice University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081503/56649d1f5503460f949f3ced/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Mechanisms affecting apparent viscosity in fracture system
![Page 6: Foam Enhancement of sweep in Fracture System Wei Yan George J. Hirasaki Clarence A. Miller Chemical Engineering Department, Rice University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081503/56649d1f5503460f949f3ced/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Homogeneous parallel plates model
14 inch
12 inch
8 inch6 inch
Variable thickness
![Page 7: Foam Enhancement of sweep in Fracture System Wei Yan George J. Hirasaki Clarence A. Miller Chemical Engineering Department, Rice University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081503/56649d1f5503460f949f3ced/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Effect of flow rate and gas fractional flow on apparent viscosity
aperture = 0.2 mm,mean bubble size DB= 0.6 mm
0.1
1.0
10.0
100.0
0.001 0.010 0.100 1.000
Flow velocity (m/s)
App
aren
t vis
cosi
ty (c
p)
fg=0.67fg=0.67 from theoryfg=0.5fg=0.5 from theoryfg=0.33fg=0.33 from theoryfg=0.2fg=0.2 from theoryfg=0.0fg=0.0 from theory
Re=30Re=0.5
![Page 8: Foam Enhancement of sweep in Fracture System Wei Yan George J. Hirasaki Clarence A. Miller Chemical Engineering Department, Rice University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081503/56649d1f5503460f949f3ced/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Re=0.5 Re=30
Water front at different Reynold’s number
![Page 9: Foam Enhancement of sweep in Fracture System Wei Yan George J. Hirasaki Clarence A. Miller Chemical Engineering Department, Rice University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081503/56649d1f5503460f949f3ced/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Effect of bubble size on apparent viscosity
0.5% C13-4PO+0.5% CS330,0.23% NaCl, 0.07% CaCl2, 0.04% MgCl2,
gas fractional f low = 0.67, aperture = 0.2 mm
0.1
1.0
10.0
100.0
0.1 1.0 10.0
Mean bubble size (mm)
Appa
rent
visco
sity
(cp)
f low velocity=2.2 cm/s
flow velocity=2.2 cm/s fromtheory
![Page 10: Foam Enhancement of sweep in Fracture System Wei Yan George J. Hirasaki Clarence A. Miller Chemical Engineering Department, Rice University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081503/56649d1f5503460f949f3ced/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Heterogeneous parallel plates model
14 inch
12 inch
8 inch6 inch
Variable thickness
10 inch
0.1 mm
![Page 11: Foam Enhancement of sweep in Fracture System Wei Yan George J. Hirasaki Clarence A. Miller Chemical Engineering Department, Rice University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081503/56649d1f5503460f949f3ced/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Foam has higher apparent viscosity at larger thickness Match of apparent viscosity from theory and measurement
aperture = 0.05mm/0.15mm,DB=0.4mm,Re = 0.22
1
10
100
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1Gas Fractional Flow
Ap
par
ent
visc
osi
ty (
cp)
0.05mm aperture from measurement
0.05mm aperture from theory
0.15mm aperture from measurement
0.15mm aperture from theory
0.15 mm thickness
0.05 mm thickness
![Page 12: Foam Enhancement of sweep in Fracture System Wei Yan George J. Hirasaki Clarence A. Miller Chemical Engineering Department, Rice University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081503/56649d1f5503460f949f3ced/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Foam improves sweep of fractured system Less liquid is needed to sweep system with foam
LPV – Liquid Pore volume
Aperture = 0.05 mm / 0.15 mm, Re = 0.22, DB = 0.4 mm
fg=0.0
0.41PV 0.82 PV 1.23PV 1.64 PV 2.05 PV 6.56 PV
fg=0.9
0.04 LPV 0.08 LPV 0.12 LPV 0.16 LPV 0.21 LPV 0.66 LPV
![Page 13: Foam Enhancement of sweep in Fracture System Wei Yan George J. Hirasaki Clarence A. Miller Chemical Engineering Department, Rice University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081503/56649d1f5503460f949f3ced/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Surfactant solution to sweep entire heterogeneous fracture at different aperture ratio in total pore volume
DB=0.4mm, Re=0.22
0.1
1.0
10.0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Gas Fractional Flow
To
tal P
ore
Vo
lum
e
1:3
1:2
![Page 14: Foam Enhancement of sweep in Fracture System Wei Yan George J. Hirasaki Clarence A. Miller Chemical Engineering Department, Rice University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081503/56649d1f5503460f949f3ced/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Surfactant solution to sweep entire heterogeneous fracture at different aperture ratio in liquid pore volume
DB=0.4mm, Re=0.22
0.1
1.0
10.0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Gas Fractional Flow
Liqu
id P
ore
Vol
ume 1:3
1:2
![Page 15: Foam Enhancement of sweep in Fracture System Wei Yan George J. Hirasaki Clarence A. Miller Chemical Engineering Department, Rice University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081503/56649d1f5503460f949f3ced/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The model to describe flow in heterogeneous parallel plates
P1
P2
P3
P4
P1=P2 P3=P4
ImpermeableDykstra-Parsons Model
![Page 16: Foam Enhancement of sweep in Fracture System Wei Yan George J. Hirasaki Clarence A. Miller Chemical Engineering Department, Rice University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081503/56649d1f5503460f949f3ced/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
DB=0.4mm, Re=0.22
aperture 0.05mm/0.15mmDykstra-Parsons model
0.1
1.0
10.0
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
Gas Fractional Flow
Tota
l Por
e V
olum
e
0.05mm aperture from experiment
0.05mm aperture from theory
0.15mm aperture from experiment
0.15mm aperture from theory
Injection to breakthrough in wide and narrow aperture
![Page 17: Foam Enhancement of sweep in Fracture System Wei Yan George J. Hirasaki Clarence A. Miller Chemical Engineering Department, Rice University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081503/56649d1f5503460f949f3ced/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Calculation of sweep efficiency in fracture networkFracture apertures are with log-normal
distributionNo crossflowPressure difference is equal for each
layerGas fractional flow is equal in each
layer
![Page 18: Foam Enhancement of sweep in Fracture System Wei Yan George J. Hirasaki Clarence A. Miller Chemical Engineering Department, Rice University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081503/56649d1f5503460f949f3ced/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Calculation of foam/water sweep in heterogeneous fractures with log-normal distribution apertures
Set bubble diameter=0.1mm
![Page 19: Foam Enhancement of sweep in Fracture System Wei Yan George J. Hirasaki Clarence A. Miller Chemical Engineering Department, Rice University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081503/56649d1f5503460f949f3ced/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Simulation of foam/water sweep in heterogeneous fractures with log-normal distribution apertures
Set bubble diameter=0.1mm
![Page 20: Foam Enhancement of sweep in Fracture System Wei Yan George J. Hirasaki Clarence A. Miller Chemical Engineering Department, Rice University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081503/56649d1f5503460f949f3ced/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Conclusions The foam apparent viscosity in heterogeneous
fracture is from two contributions-bubble deformation and liquid slugs between bubbles. The measurement corresponds to the theory.
Gas fractional flow and fracture thickness ratio can greatly affect the sweep efficiency.
Foam can greatly improve the sweep efficiency in heterogeneous fracture.
Dykstra-Parsons model can be applied to simulate the transient state foam flow in heterogeneous fractures
![Page 21: Foam Enhancement of sweep in Fracture System Wei Yan George J. Hirasaki Clarence A. Miller Chemical Engineering Department, Rice University](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081503/56649d1f5503460f949f3ced/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Future work
Test surfactants’ ability to generate foam in alkaline-surfactant EOR process
Study the foam stability with the presence of oil