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13/3/2014 Home Made Plant Rooting Hormone Willow Water | Deep Green Permaculture

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Deep Green Permaculture

The Sustainable Organic Gardening Guide for Self-Sufficient People

Home Made Plant Rooting Hormone Willow Water

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Weeping Willow (Salix babylonica)

Willows are an amazing tree that have captivated humanity since time immemorial. They appear inthe ancient legends, tales, folklore and customs of the Chinese, Egyptians, Greeks, Brits, Celts andAmerican Indians. They even feature in three of William Shakespeares plays, Hamlet, Othello andTwelfth Night.

Some folklore associated with willows is fascinating my two favourites are are that it is bad luck totell a secret while standing under a willow, as the wind that blows through the leaves will reveal the

secret to everyone, and that striking an animal or a child with a willow twig will stunt their growth!They did have some strange ideas way back in Medieval Europe!

Surely, there is something magical about these trees, for them to capture our attention sostrongly.They have some interesting and unique properties, as well explore in this article!

Willows A Brief Introduction

Willows are fast growing, deciduous trees that are mainly found found in the the NorthernHemisphere, in cold arctic and north temperate zones, in regions with moist soils. The WeepingWillow appears to be a native of extra-tropical Asia, from Japan and China to Armenia and thebanks of the Euphrates, and of Egypt and North Africa.

One of the most popular and familiar willows is the Weeping willow (Salix babylonica), it hasexceptional form and beauty. When mature it exhibits graceful, wide-spreading, pendulous weepingbranches, with a short trunk, and a broad rounded crown. Its leaves are thin and narrow, sometimeswith whitened or silky undersides. It is fast growing, and adaptable to almost any soil conditions.
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Willows are an incredibly useful tree, they have many useful functions:

1. Source of Medicine The use of willow bark dates back thousands of years, to the time ofHippocrates (400 BC) when patients were advised to chew on the bark to reduce fever andinflammation. Willow bark has been used throughout the centuries in China and Europe, and

continues to be used today for the treatment of pain (particularly low back pain andosteoarthritis), headache, and inflammatory conditions such as bursitis and tendinitis. The barkof white willow contains salicin, which is a chemical similar to aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid). It isthought to be responsible for the pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory effects of the herb. Infact, in the 1800s, salicin was used to develop aspirin. White willow appears to be slower thanaspirin to bring pain relief, but its effects may last longer. (Ref:University of Maryland MedicalCentre, Medical Reference Complementary Medicine Willow Bark(http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/willow-bark-000281.htm))

2. Source of Material for Construction and Manufacturing Willow wood is used to makefurniture, tool handles, wood veneers, and toys. It is used in wood turning as it is easily worked,and is also used to make cricket bats. Willows are a source of wicker for basketry (weaving ofwicker baskets) and for making fish traps. The wood can also be used as a source of fibre formaking rope, string and paper. Charcoal used by artists is exclusively made from willow.

3. Source of Energy Willow is grown for biomass, a renewable energy source which reduces theneed for fossil fuels and petroleum products. Willow can be converted into a variety ofsustainable environmentally-friendly resources, including: 1. heat and electricity by directcombustion, co-firing with coal, and gasification; 2.biodegradable plastics and other polymers;3.biofuels.Willows are an ideal source of biomass because 1.Willows are easily propagated from unrooted

cuttings; 2.High yields can be obtained in a few years, 3.Willows genetic diversity and shortbreeding cycle can be utilized to produce improved varieties; 4. Willows vigorously re-sproutafter each harvest; 5.The amount of heat in a dry ton of willow is similar to other hardwoods.Large scale projects to support willow as an energy crop are already at commercial scale inSweden, and in other countries there are being developed through initiatives such as the WillowBiomass Project in the US and the Energy Coppice Project in the UK. (Ref: College oEnvironmental Science and Forestry The Willow Biomass Project(http://www.esf.edu/pubprog/brochure/willow/willow.htm))

4. Ecological/Environmental Uses Willows have many beneficial environmental uses. They can

be used in the following areas:Riparian buffers Natural barriers that prevent chemicals from entering streams, ponds, andlakes.Phytoremediation Willows clean up toxins from contaminated sites.Wastewater management (biofiltration) Willows filter contaminants from wastewater, and canbe used in ecological wastewater treatment systems.Environmental protection and preservation Willows are often used for land reclamation,streambank stabilisation (bioengineering), slope stabilisation, soil erosion control, shelterbelt andwindbreak construction, soil building, and soil reclamation.Environmental reconstruction Willows are used for constructing wetlands and wildlife habitat.Gardening Willows are used for in the construction of hedges, living fences and other livinggarden structures and general landscapingLiving snowfences Strategically planted willows trap drifting snow.Farming Willows can used by farmers as an animal forage to feed their stock.
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5. Horticultural Uses Willow bark contains natural plant growth hormones which can be usedfor rooting new cuttings. This is the area that well be looking at in this article!One of the most amazing properties of willows is their growth! Coppicing a willow (that iscutting it back to ground level) will result in numerous rods growing from the base that willgrow at an amazing rate of 1.2-3.0m in a single season. A broken willow branch left in water willgrow roots. Willows successfully root from very thick pieces of stem, this method is known astaking trunk cuttings, and a stem as thick as a human thigh will take root of put into damp

ground. Willow cuttings can even grow if put in upside-down (but please do the right thing andput them in the right way up)! This property of willows is due to the naturally occurring plantrooting hormones that they contain. We can take advantage of this naturally occurringhormone, and make extracts that we can use to induce rooting on cuttings of other plants.

Willow Water How it Works

Willow Water is a homebrew plant rooting hormone that is easily made and can be used toincrease the strike rate (growth of roots) of cuttings that youre trying to propagate.

The way that it works can be attributed to two substances that can be found within the Salix(Willow) species, namely, indolebutyric acid (IBA) and Salicylic acid (SA).

Indolebutyric acid (IBA) is a plant hormone that stimulates root growth. It is present in highconcentrations in the growing tips of willow branches. By using the actively growing parts of awillow branch, cutting them, and soaking them in water, you can get significant quantities of IBA toleach out into the water.

Salicylic acid (SA) (which is a chemical similar to the headache medicine Aspirin) is a planthormone which is involved in signalling a plants defences, it is involved in the process of systemicacquired resistance (SAR) where an attack on one part of the plant induces a resistance responseto pathogens (triggers the plants internal defences) in other parts of the plant. It can also trigger a

defence response in nearby plants by converting the salicylic acid into a volatile chemical form.

When you make willow water, both salicylic acid and IBA leach into the water, and both have abeneficial effect when used for the propagation of cuttings. One of the biggest threats to newlypropagated cuttings is infection by bacteria and fungi. Salicylic acid helps plants to fight offinfection, and can thus give cuttings a better chance of survival. Plants, when attacked by infectiousagents, often do not produce salicylic acid quickly enough to defend themselves, so providing theacid in water can be particularly beneficial.

(http://www.wisegeek.com/topics/weeping-willow-water.htm)

Willow water can be made from cuttings of any tree or shrub of the willow family, a group of plantswith the scientific name of Salix. The more cuttings that are used and the longer they are soaked inwater, the stronger will be the resulting willow water. Recommendations for the exact method of
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soaking vary. Cold water can be used, and soaking times of four or more weeks are often quoted.Other gardeners use boiling water to steep the willow twigs and soak the mixture for around 24hours.

How to Make Willow Water

Here is the procedure for making willow water:

1. Collect young first-year twigs and stems of any of willow (Salix spp.) species, these have green oryellow bark. Dont use the older growth that has brown or gray bark.

2. Remove all the leaves, these are not used. Dont waste good green material though, compost theleaves or throw them in the garden as mulch.

3. Take the twigs and cut them up into short pieces around 1" (2.5cm) long.4. The next step is to add the water. there are several techniques to extract the natural plant rooting

hormones:a) Place the chopped willow twigs in a container and cover with boiling water, just like makingtea, and allow the tea to stand overnight.

b) Place the chopped willow twigs in a container and cover with tap water (unheated), and let itsoak for several days.

5. When finished, separate the liquid from the twigs by carefully pouring out the liquid, or pouringit through a strainer or sieve. The liquid is now ready to use for rooting cuttings. You can keepthe liquid for up to two months if you put it in a jar with a tight fitting lid and keep the liquid inthe refrigerator. Remember to label the jar so you remember what it is, and write down the dateyou brewed it up, and to aid the memory, write down the date that it should be used by, whichis two months from the date it was made!

6. To use, just pour some willow water into a small jar, and place the cuttings in there like flowersin a vase, and leave them there to soak overnight for several hours so that they take up the plant

rooting hormone. Then prepare them as you would when propagating any other cuttings.The second way to use willow water is to use it to water the propagating medium in which youhave placed cuttings. Watering your cuttings twice with willow water should be enough to helpthem root.

In Summary


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As you can see, this is a garden potion that is really easy to brew up, and it keeps in line with thePermaculture principles of avoiding waste and caring for the Earth no purchased syntheticchemicals, containers, its all natural, and best of all, free! So, next time youre out on a hotsummers day enjoying the shade and natural cooling provided by a majestic willow, grab a fewtwigs and take them home to help you in propagating plants for your garden!

114 Responses to Home Made Plant Rooting Hormone

Willow Water

david hicks Says:December 20, 2010 at 6:59 am | ReplyWhat an extraordinary amount of information about the willow, as well as clear instructions onmaking a potentially very helpful garden potion. Thank you to the author.

Barbara Nudd Says:December 20, 2010 at 9:55 pm | ReplyGreat article, great sharing. Thanks!

Weekly Roundup Rooting Hormone, Eco House and Leftovers Recipes Says:December 24, 2010 at 1:11 am | Reply[...] DIY Rooting Hormone Made from willow. Ive done this before its simple, cheap andeffective. [...]

terese Says:January 16, 2011 at 9:23 am | Replysounds great i will give it a trythanks

kimlan Says:April 17, 2011 at 6:58 pm | Replyit is a wonderful way of making home made hormone . Could i just leave the rooting in thewillow until the roots start to come out as i did with the rooting powder that i bought at the store? thank you

Blackthorn Says:April 18, 2011 at 9:15 am | ReplyHi, Im sorry I dont quite understand what the question is. If you mean leaving the cuttings

in the willow water until they grow roots, you can only do this with plants that you cannormally root in water, any other plant will rot. Just leave the cuttings in the willow water

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overnight, for a few hours, that will do. To use the rooting powder, you just put the cut end ofthe plant straight into the powder, and it sticks onto the cut surface, it is used dry (unless theinstructions state otherwise), and then you put your cutting into your propagating medium.

Daniel Mielke Says:February 3, 2012 at 11:42 pmWhat about tomato cuttings. I wouldnt think one should leave them in the liquid

overnight. How long should you soak those?

Blackthorn Says:February 4, 2012 at 12:18 amHi Daniel,

Since tomatoes are herbaceous, and have soft stems, it would be easier to use the secondmethod I suggest in the article:

The second way to use willow water is to use it to water the propagating medium in which

you have placed cuttings. Watering your cuttings twice with willow water should be enoughto help them root.

Tomato cuttings take quite easily, so adding the willow water to their propagatingmedium should work very well.

Regards

Catherine Dunn Says:June 5, 2011 at 12:39 pm | Reply

I love your website, learning heaps.

Would the willow water also help young seedlings get established in the garden? At present Iseem to lose about 25% of my seedlings.

Blackthorn Says:June 6, 2011 at 12:54 pm | ReplyHi Catherine,

The willow water mainly helps cutting grow new roots. To help young seedlings get

established, seawed extract works well, as its very rich in minerals, and helps plants developa good, strong root structure. Also, if youre losing seedlings, check that they are gettingenough water, or conversely, that theyre not being overwatered, and make sure that pestsareent getting to them!

Regards

STEPHANIE Says:November 11, 2011 at 6:07 pm | ReplyWill this work with other than the Weeping Willow which does not grow in my area?? We haveother willows that do and what about the common Pussy Willow?? If none are available and Iuse Asparin in its place what Mg. Aspirin should be used to how much water??

Blackthorn Says:
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November 11, 2011 at 11:50 pm | ReplyHi Stephanie,

As I ,mentioed in the article Willow water can be made from cuttings of any tree or shrub othe willow family, a group of plants with the scientific name of Salix. So, yes, any willow can be used!

The indolebutyric acid (IBA) in willow water is what makes the roots grow.

The salicylates (which are contained in aspirin) are only involved in signalling a plantsdefences, so when one part of the plant is attecked it triggers the plants internal defences inother parts of the plant.

So, no, aspirin cant be used as a substutute for willow water as it doesnt contain the growthhormones.

steve Says:

December 21, 2011 at 7:26 am | ReplyHI Thanks for all that info very good. Do you know if willow water can be used to helpstimulate the roots of newly planted Bonsai trees? Just a thought tjhat seemed to make sense.

Blackthorn Says:December 21, 2011 at 12:52 pm | ReplyYes, willow water is root hormone, and will stimulate root production, but remember, thebonsai already have roots, and will grow them well enough on their own, but do needsomething to assist root production, and for this purpose, seaweed extract works very well.Seaweed extract is packed with a wide range of minerals and helps plants build strong root

systems, so this is what I would recommend.

steve Says:December 21, 2011 at 6:36 pm | ReplyThanks very much very kind of you to respond with more info, appreciate it Have a niceXmas.

sara2sara Says:January 5, 2012 at 12:41 am | Reply

best article on willows ever!!! thankshomer Says:January 12, 2012 at 9:52 pm | ReplyVery nicely done.Any benefit to crushing or beating the willow pieces to expose more surface to the water whilemaking willow water?

Blackthorn Says:January 30, 2012 at 11:02 am | Reply

Thanks! Im guessing that if you crushed the willow branches you should get the planthormone out a bit quicker! To be honest, Ive never tried crushing the branches first.

scotto Says:February 12, 2012 at 9:22 am | Reply
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Is there any way to measure concentration of the solution and a possible dilution rate to extendyour brew? Ty

Blackthorn Says:February 12, 2012 at 11:15 pm | ReplyNot that Im aware of without laboratory equipment! Its a home brew recipe, and seems tobe something that people have experimented with over time until they got it to work, and

passsed the information on to others.

Jay Wang Says:February 20, 2012 at 8:30 pm | ReplyIf I only have a limited supply of willow cuttings, how do I keep them indefinitely so that I canhave a ready supply of willow water? Do I need to plant the rooted willow cuttings in soil?

I got some cuttings a while back and soaked them in water. Most died and several survived andstarted to have tiny new twigs and leaves. What should I do to keep them alive and producingmore water?

Thanks for sharing your knowledge with fellow gardeners.

Blackthorn Says:February 21, 2012 at 11:50 am | ReplyTheres a simple way to keep willow cuttings indefinitely, plant one of the rooted cuttings in apot of reasonable size, say a pot 50cm wide, and youll have a big bonsai willow tree too.Dont put the cuttings in the soil unless you live on a farm, and wish to grow a very largeshade tree, and if you do, dont put them in a location where the roots will intefere with waterpipes, etc.

shashank Says:March 4, 2012 at 1:45 pm | Replythank you v much for marvellous information. shashank, India

Jennifer Says:March 24, 2012 at 10:32 pm | ReplyI recently received this information from an old friend and really wasnt sure he knew what hewas talking about. So I got online to research and found your website. I am believer nowwish

me luck. Thanks for the article.

George Maurer Says:March 25, 2012 at 7:16 pm | ReplyI was given a large bunch of young willow branches with the pollen still attachedyounggrowth. Any reasonn why I cant use these brances with the pollen, minus leaves, for your firstmethod of making willow water (Pour on boiling water and leave for overnight)?I have about 200+ grape cuttings now in pots which are in the process of rooting and wish to usethe willow water to aid their rooting.

Thnx

downdraft

Blackthorn Says:
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March 26, 2012 at 12:22 am | ReplyHi, the young growth is good for making willow water, just remove the pollen, that doesntneed to be there.

Regards

Theresa Says:

March 30, 2012 at 3:28 pm | ReplyIm wondering if you can use pussy willow for this?

Blackthorn Says:March 31, 2012 at 12:32 am | ReplyYes, you can, any of the salix genus (willow family) will work. If the cuttings take root veryeasily, then theyre a variety thats filled with the plant hormone you need for willow water!

Nomar Says:April 1, 2012 at 1:26 am | Reply

Theres salicylic acid in some acne medication creams you can get at wal-mart & other stores.Can you use these creams to intensify the root-hormone brew?

Blackthorn Says:April 1, 2012 at 2:22 pm | ReplyThe short answer is no. Salicylic acid is also present in apririn and many other medications.These medications contain many other things not conducive to rooting cuttings, andremember, its the plant hormone IBA that induces rooting of the cuttings, which is notfound in any human medication.

Pamela Melcher Says:April 17, 2012 at 11:37 am | ReplyGreat article. Many thanks. I would like more specific info about the proportion of willow to thewater it soaks in to make the willow water. Also, when I soak cuttings in the willow water, can Ireuse the willow water for other cuttings at a later time? Or will the cuttings have made it unfitfor reuse? I understand that willows have been seen growing under black walnut trees. I wouldlike to grow my own willow tree from a cutting that I recently took, and the best place by far,given the small size of the area where I can grow things and the space constraints, is under ablack walnut tree. It is in a sunny place where another black walnut used to stand next to the

one on the land we steward, but that tree was cut down recently.

Blackthorn Says:April 17, 2012 at 1:37 pm | ReplyNo specific proportions are required, this isnt an exact science, plant hormones are chemicalmessengers that will stimulate the plant to respond in a certain way, the recipe supplied willprovide sufficient active ingredients for the task. Ypu should be able to get several uses out ofthe same batch of willow water before the active ingredients are depleted or are renderedinactive.

Now, with growing a willow under a black walnut, were talking some seriously big treeshere! The willow will grow 35-50 feet high, with a spread of around 35 feet, while a blackwalnut will grow around 70-90 feet tall and roughly just as wide! You mention given thesmall size of the area where I can grow things and the space constraints hope you have
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the space, these are full size forest trees! Black walnuts are allelopathic, that is, they exude achemical, juglone (5-hydroxy-alphanapthaquinone), which suppress the growth of almostevery plant around them, so if you can get a willow growing in that space, that will be quitegood.

There is a good article entitled How to Plant Willows Next to Black Walnuts http://homeguides.sfgate.com/plant-willows-next-black-walnuts-23006.html

They state that some trees, such as willow, are more tolerant of juglone, and emphasiseplanting the willow tree outside of the area that will be the black walnuts drip line when itmatures, which is about 60 feet from the black walnut. This is because the juglone is releasedwhen rain washes over the leaves, and it is exuded from the roots which reach up to the dripline of the tree canopy. Also mentioned is the importance of keeping the area around thewillow free from any debris from the black walnut, such as fallen branches, nuts and hulls, toprevent the juglone leaching into the soil.

Nomar Says:

April 28, 2012 at 3:56 pm | ReplyIve heard you could substitute willow water with asprin

Blackthorn Says:April 29, 2012 at 8:37 am | ReplyAs per my previous comment, no, apririn is not a substitute. Salicylic acid is present in apririn,and in willows, and this is the source of the confusion.

Salicylic acid only signals a plants defences in the whole plant when one part of the plant isattacked.

Indolebutyric acid (IBA) is the plant hormone in willow water that induces rooting of thecuttings, which is not found in aspirin.

gaiamethod Says:May 14, 2012 at 6:21 am | ReplyLiving in Upper Egypt makes things a little more interesting as I have to make everything!!! iwant to take cuttings from my husbands fig and apple trees and discovered this willowhormone rooting only yesterday! Thankfully we can get willow here so I will get some and plant

them on our farm which we are building towards now. Many thanks for this really goodinformation!!!

Kady Strouse Says:May 16, 2012 at 1:25 am | Replywill this work if i water my veggie garden and flowers with the willow water?

Blackthorn Says:May 16, 2012 at 2:55 am | ReplyThere would be no point to that, they already have roots! Better using the liquid from a

worm farm to help them grow, compost tea, liquid fertiliser made out of weeds/comfreyleaves etc.

gaiamethod Says:May 16, 2012 at 7:33 am
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Compost tea? Here in Luxor we tea like it is going out of fashion but it is powder tea!!!There is always a lot of it and i have been putting it on my compost heap with all the stuffmy chickens cant eat. But Im not sure if it is going to work that way? They burneverything here in the food oven even dried donkey manure so trying to get a compostheap going effectively is a challenge!!! Tea compost would be a bonus!!

Blackthorn Says:

May 16, 2012 at 10:28 amYes compost tea, its tea for plants, not people! Perhaps I should write up an article onhow to make up this amazing brew for your garden!

gaiamethod Says:May 17, 2012 at 2:19 pmGood idea! I would be interested to read it!

Richard Eckert Says:May 16, 2012 at 7:09 am | Reply

It was too late in the season as the blueberrys had already budded. I am impatient, so I cut someblueberry sprigs about 3 inches long, dipped them in my homade willow hormone, and wateredthem a few times with hormone and also water. They did not wilt. I shall keep a daily eye onthem and hopefully get four more medium blueberry bushes.

Blackthorn Says:May 16, 2012 at 10:22 am | ReplyGood luck with it, hope they grow!

Paul Says:November 14, 2013 at 5:04 pm | ReplyWere you successful with your blueberries?

L-Jay Says:May 27, 2012 at 12:56 pm | ReplyHiI know you said that the leaves are not used, but if you make willow water with the leaves aswell as the stems, will that work too?

Blackthorn Says:May 28, 2012 at 8:28 am | ReplyIf you add the leaves, youll just be adding a whole lot more unecessary compounds that are notknown to assist root production in cuttings. The willow leaves will just leach out flavonoids,salicylates, reducing sugars, amino acids, phenolic compounds, and tannins into your willowwater. With all this extra stuff in there, chances are the willow water probably wont keep thatwell! Not sure if all these chemicals will react with the IBA and whether they will affect how wellit would work either. Best to just remove the leaves.

cathy rowe Says:

May 28, 2012 at 5:12 pm | ReplyI come from uncountable generations of farmers, & have hort degree. while studying hort. at uof del., I set out to debunk the old farmers wives tales I grew up with, mainly mygrandmothers trick of rooting her cuttings in willow water. Ha! boy was I sutprised! Dispite 4 yrs
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of formal hort. education, Ive gone back to my roots & grow exclusivly organic. morale of thestory. never underestimate granny!

Blackthorn Says:May 29, 2012 at 1:13 am | ReplyHi Cathy,Theres a lot of tried and proven wisdom there if we are clever enough to seek it from those

who have already gained these skills in the older generations.

Dr Vandana Shiva who was in the film The Economics of Happiness talks about theimportance of Grandmothers Universities as an important way of transferring skills fromone generation to the next.

From Dr Vandana Shivas web site:

The Grandmothers University is aimed at both celebrating and validating the wisdom ofour grandmothers, as well as transmitting this to future generations to arrest the rapid

erosion of skills, knowledge and values which women had evolved over millenia to livesustainably. Through the Grandmothers University also hopes to nurture the trans-generational responsibility, both of grandmother to transmit the Traditional Knowledge andour future generation to seek, receive and honour the accumulated wisdom of earliergenerations.

Misako Says:June 23, 2012 at 10:05 pm | ReplyHi,Six years ago, we added a twig of curly willow to a flower arrangement to add interest to thedisplay, and you guessed it, it rooted. When I told my plant-savvy friend, she told me about howits rooting hormone helps other plants to take root, and its done wonders streamlining thatprocess for me on various kinds of cuttings. My husband planted it outside in our small yardnext to the house, hoping that it would be a small ornamental tree, but unfortunately, (in just sixyears), it is now as tall as our three story house, and has to come down. I hate losing mybeautiful curly willow theres no help for that, but I also hate losing my source of rootinghormone. Is there a way to prepare the willow tips perhaps dry them to preserve thehormone long-term? Maybe freezing very concentrated tea?

Blackthorn Says:June 24, 2012 at 11:16 am | ReplyHi Misako,

You do realise that you can bonsai most trees to keep them the size that you want, whetherthey are in pots or in the ground. If you cut down the willow at ground level, it will regrow,and a small sapling will grow up from the stump. Prune it to the height where you wouldlike it to start branching, and keep the branches short by frequent pruning. If that sounds tootricky, take a willow cutting and put it in water till it roots, then grow the tree in a pot orcontainer. Prune it for willow tips when needed, and then cut the branches back short whenit loses all its leaves in winter, it regrows more branches in spring this is what I do, as I donthave the space for a full sized willow, so I grow it in a 40cm (16) wide pot and I prune thetree to keep it about 1.5m (5) high.
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Regards

Charlie Little Says:June 27, 2012 at 7:32 pm | ReplyI wonder if this will also work in plant tissue culture propagation as the media liquid in the agaror gelatin preparation? Boiling water is mentioned so Im guessing it doesnt affect the hormoneefficacy.

Blackthorn Says:June 28, 2012 at 4:13 pm | ReplyIm not really sure if the willow water might affect the sterility of the agar medium, or if theother constituents of the willow water will affect the in-vitro cell replication. I dont have anyexperience propagating plants using tissue culture. IBA has a melting point of 125 C so itsurvives boiling in water at atmospheric temperature. Might be a worthwhile experiment?Mind you, there are research papers on the use of IBA (chemically pure laboratory grade) intissue culture systems, and only the absence or extremely low levels of IBA or other hormonesduring the initiation stage favoured shoot growth, this stage is far better without it. In thetransplantation and multiplication stages, IBA assisted new shoot production and shootgrowth rate. I think willow water may be too crude a mix for such a delicate and sensitiveprocess to be honest with you.

Sarah Othman Says:July 29, 2012 at 2:08 pm | ReplyCool beans.!

lloyd Says:

August 3, 2012 at 7:45 am | ReplyApparently it also works for grafting I will try it this southern spring an let you know how itgoes.Cheers Lloyd

Lisa Stringer Says:September 1, 2012 at 4:26 pm | ReplyMy mother in laws weeping willow tree died and fell over and yesterday was cut up by myhusband and son. Can the wood or bark be used in any way, either medicinally or for willowwater purposes? I hate the thought of this going to waste.

Carmela Martini Says:September 29, 2012 at 2:09 am | ReplySo glad to have come upon your blog! Im new at this and was wondering if its too late in theseason to try to propagate some plants now. I would love to get them ready for planting in myyard by spring. Thanks!

Blackthorn Says:September 29, 2012 at 6:22 am | ReplyDepends which side of the planet youre on, its spring down here in the southernhemisphere! Im assuming youre in the northern hemisphere if they have just lost theirleaves or about to, youre best to wait until late winter, and take cuttings while the willow treeis dormant. When the weather warms up, and leaves emerge, they will grow roots veryquickly. The cuttings can go into the ground fairly quicly if you jsut keep their soil moist.
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Carmela Martini Says:September 29, 2012 at 10:41 amI thought so. Im quite excited to get started. You will probably hear from me again in thespring. Thanks again!

lloyd Says:September 29, 2012 at 10:56 am | Reply

Well I can report that willow water works very well for grafting.

The best results were from the following method 1 make the whip graft cut in the wood youwant to graft on 2 soak this in willow water for about 5 mins 3 make the second cut on thetree you want to graft onto 4 make the join and bind with grafting tape etc. good luck

Angelo (admin) Says:August 23, 2013 at 2:47 am | ReplyYes, thats correct, from my understanding, the IBA in the willow water actually assists theformation of callus tissue, and that will form whatever cells the plant requires.

With cuttings, it will form roots, while with grafts it will form new cambium cells (the greenlayer under the bark which you need to line up to join the graft).

s. wendel Says:October 8, 2012 at 3:18 am | Replysaeweed is good to add to the willow tea, however seaweed has a small amount of nitrogen,which almost completely stops root growth. if you can get ahold of some 100% organic marinealgae- it contains no nitrogen. the algae i use is 0-4-4. ive even heard of leonardite working wellalso or extracs of leonardite, such as humic acid. not sure, however, if it contains N.

Rachel Says:October 22, 2012 at 10:01 am | ReplyGreat Info! This really helped me out with my school project on weeping willows. Thanks!

Twilla Logan Says:January 10, 2013 at 4:05 pm | ReplyI have read of willow water in a book by William Cullina and also in a book by Michael Dirr.

Michael Dirr says you can keep willow water in the refrigerator for 6 years. Mr. Cullina makes amore general statement, saying that willow water can be stored in the refrigerator for severalyears.

Michael Dirr: THE REFERENCE MANUAL OF WOODY PLANT PROPAGATION, 2ndedition, Page 33.

William Cullina: NATIVE TREES, SHRUBS, & VINES, Pages 272-273

Mikkel Says:

January 19, 2013 at 3:14 pm | ReplyIm going to use root hormone for some rare seeds that have short viability, but since it is winterand my willow has dropped its leaves long ago, can I still use it for willow water? Yesterday I didan experiment: I chopped a 1-2 year twig and put it in water and placed infront of the fireplace.
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The twig looked dead and collorless both on the outside and inside, but after one hour the twigwas filled with small white dots all over. (I guess they are roots forming? ).

Anyway, my question is, are there any significant seasonal variation in the presence of hormonesin willow? Can I use it all year round?

Blackthorn Says:

January 20, 2013 at 2:22 am | ReplyHi Mikkel, root hormone is only for rooting cuttings, not germinating seeds.

Since you would only root cuttings during their growing season, you would therefore onlyuse willow only when it is growing , not when it is dormant.

The small white dots that appeared after you soaked the dormant willow branches in waterin front of the fire are just air bubbles emerging from the plant tissue, no plant can showgrowth of root tissue within an hour. Not even willow grows that fast!

If your rare seeds are meant to be germinated in spring or summer, then it is best to waituntil then as often plant growth is not only regulated by temperature but daylight lengthtoo. Techniques such as using heating mats to apply bottom heat to seedling trays works wellfor many seeds, but I recommend that you check what the requirements are for the rareseeds in terms of light, temperature, humidity, sowing depth, etc.

Mikkel Says:January 20, 2013 at 9:32 am | ReplyThanks for your quick response!

I already made the willow water anyway.

The seeds are Banisteriopsis Caapi (Ayahuasca), and they only come in late autumn and have aviability only for a month or two, so it couldnt wait any longer. Im groing them under LEDlights, so hopefully it will work out.

I have done tissue culture before and know that stuff like BAP and Kinetin are great forgerminating seeds in sterile envirenment, so I figured that difficult seeds under normalconditions could benefit from root hormone as well, but I dont know.

I soaked half of them in the willow water for 4 hours now, and half of them in honey water, so atleast lets call it an experiment.

Trudi Says:January 27, 2013 at 12:56 pm | ReplyExcellent information. Growing up in Europe, I have always known of the many uses of willows(including their use for carpet beaters rather painful when used for corporal punishment), but Ihave never heard of willow water. As I am a compulsive propagator of plant material (I had over400 rooted lavender cuttings last year), I have been using mainly honey because of its antiseptic

qualities, but now I am keen to try willow water. As we are now heading into late summer inAustralia, is it too late to take new branches to make willow water?
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Also, what kind of willow do you have growing in a pot as I want to do likewise. My garden istoo small and I dont think that the ACT government would appreciate it if I planted a willow ontheir land.

Can you also advise how well willow water works with Australian natives, such as Callistemonand Grevilleas?

Blackthorn Says:January 29, 2013 at 12:32 am | ReplyHi, Im growing weeping willow (Salix babylonica) in a pot.

The brnches are still growing in summer so they should work for making plant rootinghormone.

Cuttings of Australian natives are normally treated with rooting hormone so the willow waterwill work when propagating them.

Trudi Says:March 5, 2013 at 12:24 pmHi again and thanks for the advice.

Since then I have gone out and picked some weeping willow branches, made willowwater and also placed a bundle of sticks into water. I now have some 25 rooted willowcuttings.

So if there is someone in Canberra who would like to grow their own weeping willow in apot, I gladly share the cuttings.

LIKUNSE LIFUA Says:February 1, 2013 at 2:04 pm | ReplyVery useful article, thanks for sharing.

Hrishi Says:February 2, 2013 at 6:07 am | Replyim trying to root coffee plant cutting.Is it even possible to root a coffee cutting ? The tropicalhere is hot humid with no cold.Can you suggest any tropical tree that i can use to extract naturalrooting hormone ?

Blackthorn Says:February 2, 2013 at 8:05 am | ReplyYou can root coffee Coffea arabica cuttings, but they do take a long time to root, about 8weeks or longer I believe, they are not easy cuttings to propagate. Best to use semi-woody orwoody cuttings with rooting hormone. They can also be propagated by air layeringapparently.

Willows dont grow in the tropics, Im unaware of any tropical plant that contains natural

rooting hormones that can be extracted. If anyone has any idea, many people would like toknow!

adoboloco (@adoboloco) Says:September 14, 2013 at 3:03 am
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We live in Hawaii and have a pussy willow in a pot. Its growing fine and am testingsome willow tea now on some clippings from chili pepper plants.

Tony Says:March 5, 2013 at 7:22 am | ReplyMany thanks for sharing your in-depth knowledge it is much appreciated, especially the bitabout the tips having the highest concentration of active ingredients.

Tina Says:March 16, 2013 at 10:37 pm | ReplyFor those who have no willow growing, can willow tips be harvested when fresh and then driedfor use in places willow does not grow? General questioncan dried willow be used as effectivelyas long as it was harvested correctly?Thanks

Blackthorn Says:March 17, 2013 at 6:36 am | Reply

From the references I can find on the chemical properties of IBA, it is meant to be stable atroom temperatures, it melts at 125 degrees celcius and decomposes before it reaches boilingpoint, so that would suggest that it should keep as a dried product, but Im only speculatinghere, the only way to know is to try dried willow twigs to see if they work!

Robert Says:March 21, 2013 at 2:26 am | ReplyGreat information! Only I do not find a clear suggestion as to the ratio which is most effective.That is, about what total length of small willow branches, cut into pieces, in what quantity of

water? Can it be made too weak or too strong??Thanks

Blackthorn Says:March 21, 2013 at 11:20 am | ReplyThe beauty of this technique is that you dont need exact proportions, thats a modernpreoccupation of exactness which isnt something we need to be too concerned with, mainlybecause its a completely unnatural state of affairs. Unlike the artificial systems which humanscreate which aim for unrealistic uniformity, Nature thrives on variation there is biologicalvariation in all living organisms, and as a result, the percentage of IBA will vary (within a certain

range) from one willow to another, and from month to month and from one year. Herbalmedicines vary similarly, and theyve worked for centuries across all cultures.

Most commercial rooting hormones available contain the rooting hormone IBA in a talc dry basein concentrations from 0.1% to 0.8% active ingredient for use with the dry dip method. Liquidapplications range from as low as 20ppm to 10000 ppm active ingredient (0.02%-1.0%). Only atiny amount is used, thats all thats needed. In living organisms, hormones are chemicalmessengers that regulate biochemical processes over longer periods of time, they triggeringsustained changes, they are not needed in huge quantities.

Its also important to understand the physical properties of the chemical IBA. IBA is not verysoluble in water, so only a tiny amount will dissolve into your willow water solution anyway. Ifwe look at the physical properties of IBA, in particular solubility, we see that it is possible todissolve 34 times more IBA in an acetone than can be dissolved in water.
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IBA Solubility In water at 20 degrees C (mg /L): 14,700IBA Solubility In organic solvents at 20 degrees C (mg /L): 500,000 (In Acetone)

With your willow water, put in as much twigs as you can into the container, then cover themwith water in either of the two methods described. Only so much IBA can possibly dissolve inwater, and that amount works to stimulate root growth.

richard hiew Says:April 19, 2013 at 6:33 am | ReplyWillows dont grow in the tropics :your words on Feb 2, 2013. Some people say otherwise.Please reconfirm as I live in a tropical country.

Blackthorn Says:April 19, 2013 at 9:26 am | ReplyHi Richard,Im not in a tropical climate, so Im only going by what reference material I can find!I know willows grow in sub-tropics of China, but but if you have any information you can

share for our readers in the tropical climates, please let us know.Much appreciated

Thanks

richard Says:April 20, 2013 at 6:28 pm | ReplyHi blackthorn,I have included below two pic of the same tree taken this morning near where I live ie, Borneo. Iknow very little about trees, but this one looks like a willow. Is it a willow tree? can I makerooting water from it?https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/69643473/w1.JPGhttps://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/69643473/w2.JPG

William Helder (@Liam_Helder) Says:July 12, 2013 at 2:36 pm | ReplyThat is indeed a willow.

Ray Gremillion Says:

April 22, 2013 at 4:17 am | ReplyDude! This is fabulous. I live in SE Louisiana and this area has willows growing abundantlyeverywhere along our waterways. Would you mind if I share this info on other gardeningwebsites and link them here?

Blackthorn Says:April 22, 2013 at 1:11 pm | ReplyHi Ray, you can describe the article and provide a link back to it, I hope thats what youmean! Thanks

katehallberg Says:May 27, 2013 at 4:35 pm | Reply
http://deepgreenpermaculture.com/diy-instructions/home-made-plant-rooting-hormone-willow-water/?replytocom=38834#respondhttp://katehallberg.wordpress.com/http://deepgreenpermaculture.com/diy-instructions/home-made-plant-rooting-hormone-willow-water/?replytocom=35833#respondhttp://deepgreenpermaculture.com/diy-instructions/home-made-plant-rooting-hormone-willow-water/?replytocom=35802#respondhttp://deepgreenpermaculture.com/diy-instructions/home-made-plant-rooting-hormone-willow-water/?replytocom=46029#respondhttp://twitter.com/Liam_Helderhttps://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/69643473/w2.JPGhttps://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/69643473/w1.JPGhttp://deepgreenpermaculture.com/diy-instructions/home-made-plant-rooting-hormone-willow-water/?replytocom=35717#respondhttp://deepgreenpermaculture.com/diy-instructions/home-made-plant-rooting-hormone-willow-water/?replytocom=35571#respondhttp://deepgreenpermaculture.com/diy-instructions/home-made-plant-rooting-hormone-willow-water/?replytocom=35555#respond


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June 5, 2013 at 7:20 pm | ReplyThe water to willow ratio was not addressed. How much water and how much wood? How doyou suggest we make gel from this? Can I use a willow mulch to make the tea? Last but notleast, can I give the tea to my plants before i cut clones from them?

Blackthorn Says:June 6, 2013 at 11:53 am | Reply

To answer your three questions:

1. Think of it as making tea, the traditional way without a teabag! There are no standardisedmeasurements here. As long as the hormone in the willow dissolves in the water, it will work.

2.You dont need to make it a gel, you soak the cuttings in the liquid, and it soaks into them,which is better than a gel that sits on the surface.

3. If your plants already have roots, then theres no point giving them rooting hormone.Once you take cuttings from your plants, you want to induce the cuttings to grow roots.

Robert Says:June 7, 2013 at 12:40 am | ReplyThe article at top of this thread is very nice detailed and informative. I have produced a jar ofwillow water using the procedure from the article, and new growth from a neighbors tree.

I do wish to have one bit of clarification!

The article at top says the willow water can be used up to two months, IF refrigerated in a tightsealed container. However I find statements in other forums such as keeping a container of ww

on my greenhouse workbench. That would certainly NOT be refrigerated!

Does the ww quickly loose effectiveness if not cooled? Realistically, how soon is the product nolonger useable? Does a willow tree produce new growth throughout the summer, allowing moreww to be produced?

Thanks for comments. Robert


Thanks! If you want to keep the willow water for several weeks, its best to refrigerate it toslow down the breakdown, it will eventually start breaking down and lose its activeconstituents as would a glass of herbal tea left outside for a really long time. Typically youduse it all in a few days if you propagate large batches of cuttings.

A willow tree is growing through spring and summer, and therefore will have green woodthat contains IBA hormone that you can use..

Jamie Says:June 24, 2013 at 1:23 am | ReplyIs it ok to boil with the leaves on bark ?

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The active constituent is in the bark, so there is no benefit in using the leaves.

Julie Says:June 29, 2013 at 11:59 pm | ReplyCan you freeze willow water? Living in the Finger Lakes region of NYS I often find myself withidle time in the grey months, and experimenting with plants. I think ww would come inhandy.

Blackthorn Says:June 30, 2013 at 10:04 am | ReplyLooking up the chemical handling information for indolebutyric acid (IBA), the activecomponent in willow water, we find that we are instructed to keep from freezing, so, theanswer is no, you definitely cannot freeze willow water, but you can keep it cool in therefrigerator to make it last longer.

Donna Says:July 23, 2013 at 6:19 pm | Reply

I am hoping to propagate some Leyland cypress cuttings with willow water. Once I soak thecutting in willow water do I have to plant it in dirt or can I just keep it in water until it roots?

Rita Says:August 18, 2013 at 9:58 pm | ReplyI found fascinating your article about the willow tree and it is true that soaking a thickbranch from this tree, it grows root easily and it sure. Did mine :0). I have 3 willow smallbranches that grew new roots and leaves from the cuttings in a simple tap water in a vase .

william Says:September 3, 2013 at 8:02 pm | ReplyI wonder if willow water can be used to grow seedles grapes out of store useing vine part.

Angelo (admin) Says:September 3, 2013 at 11:48 pm | ReplyI believe you need one year old woody material to propagate grapes.

Hilda Rivera Says:September 14, 2013 at 7:31 pm | Reply

I have a weeping willow tree and its huge. Thank you so much for all that information onmaking Willow Water for rooting plants. Love your videos and will continue to see them and tellpeople about this unique website. Greatly appreciated : )

Andrea Frtalich Says:September 19, 2013 at 3:07 am | ReplyHi! I enjoy your article! I love weeping willow tree. There is one growing wild with other trees &such. I broke off 5 branches&put them in water& left outside. Its mid~summer when I didthis&the clippings first turned brown & looked dead but then they sprouted leaves&roots&still inwater. Im getting ready to put them in rich soil&keep them outside until it gets cool.Im in

Michigan&&the winters are mild so I think they be okay.After last frost I will plant themoutside.Wish me luck!

Angelo (admin) Says:
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September 19, 2013 at 11:56 am | ReplyWishing you luck! : )

mahesh Says:October 1, 2013 at 2:38 pm | ReplyIs there any other plant which is an alternative in semi arid tropics?

Angelo (admin) Says:October 1, 2013 at 11:06 pm | ReplyNot really sure, Ive checked for research papers on other plant that contain IBA, and itappears that Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was identified as an endogenous compound inleaves and kernels of maize or corn (Zea mays). It has also been found in tobacco andcypress leaves. I cant say what levels of IBA these contain, or how you would extract them.Then there is the question whether any of these grow in semi arid tropics? You would knowwhat grows in your climate better than me!

mahesh Says:

October 3, 2013 at 12:24 pmThank you. we got maize, tobaco and some varieties of cypress. Cant we apply sameprocedure to these plant parts? And we got plenty of cotyledon type succulents, countryborage (karpooravalli) and money plants which are known for their fast rootingproperty. Is there any possibility of using them in this regard?COUNTRY BORAGE (karpooravalli) link :http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plectranthus_amboinicus

Angelo (admin) Says:

October 3, 2013 at 1:15 pm | ReplyHi Mahesh, why not try, it cant hurt to set up some tests and see what results you get! Useseveral cuttings for each test, one test will be the control group, no plant rooting hormones,then a similar amount of cuttings for each separate treatment, it would be a very simple side-by-side comparison.

Frank Mosher Says:November 28, 2013 at 2:46 pm | ReplyI would like to follow your advice, but wish to add some of the results to small cubes, with afairly firm gel consistency . Firm enough to have the cuttings stand erect. Can you suggest a

clear gelling substance? Gelatin, agar,agar, etc. Thank you

Nikos Says:January 16, 2014 at 3:38 pm | ReplyThank you for the article.Could I collect the stems and make any other time the willow tea or i must cut fresh stems everytime i want to make the tea?I m sorry if the answer exists allready in the comments, I do not understand english very well soit is hard for me to read all the comments.

I d really appreciate your answer.

Darren Says:February 3, 2014 at 2:54 am | ReplyNikos,
http://deepgreenpermaculture.com/diy-instructions/home-made-plant-rooting-hormone-willow-water/?replytocom=104873#respondhttp://deepgreenpermaculture.com/diy-instructions/home-made-plant-rooting-hormone-willow-water/?replytocom=98583#respondhttp://deepgreenpermaculture.com/diy-instructions/home-made-plant-rooting-hormone-willow-water/?replytocom=80754#respondhttp://deepgreenpermaculture.com/diy-instructions/home-made-plant-rooting-hormone-willow-water/?replytocom=61863#respondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plectranthus_amboinicushttp://deepgreenpermaculture.com/diy-instructions/home-made-plant-rooting-hormone-willow-water/?replytocom=61479#respondhttp://deepgreenpermaculture.com/diy-instructions/home-made-plant-rooting-hormone-willow-water/?replytocom=61406#respondhttp://deepgreenpermaculture.com/diy-instructions/home-made-plant-rooting-hormone-willow-water/?replytocom=58230#respond


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He said it might work but has not tested it, Give it a try.

Daniel Says:February 3, 2014 at 6:35 am | ReplyMade some willow water,it fermented and foamed like beer or something when I opened it,should it be fine to use,it was in a jar for two days(Friday night-sunday night)

Yasir Farooq Says:February 12, 2014 at 9:08 am | ReplyI read your article today. Luckily I have several willow trees in my office (Pakistan, Islamabad,telecom company named PTCL) & told my office boy to bring me a willow branch. The branchis now on my office table. it is 1.5 feet long with leaves & its 2 mm thick but not very juicy. Willit works for rooting water?

Angelo (admin) Says:February 20, 2014 at 12:05 pm | ReplyPlease see the first step in the instructions:

1.Collect young first-year twigs and stems of any of willow (Salix spp.) species, these havegreen or yellow bark. Dont use the older growth that has brown or gray bark.

If it doesnt match this description its not suitable for making willow water.

Gabriel Paraschiv Says:March 6, 2014 at 7:00 pm | ReplyGreat article! Many thanks!

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