first responder cheat sheet - kelowna first aid & cpr … · cpr compression: ventilation...
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FIRST RESPONDER CHEAT SHEET
FRONTLINE FIRST AID & EMERGENCY TRAINING
250-470-0205
www.frontlinefirstaid.ca
Frontline First Aid First Responder Cheat Sheet
Page 1 of 5 2018-02-12 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected]
Table of Contents Assessment Model ................................................................................................................................................................. 2
APGAR ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
CPR Compression: Ventilation Ratios .................................................................................................................................... 3
CPR with Airway Obstruction................................................................................................................................................. 3
Oxygen Cylinder Calculations................................................................................................................................................. 3
6 “Rights” of Medication ........................................................................................................................................................ 3
KED Strapping Sequence ........................................................................................................................................................ 4
Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (S.T.A.R.T.) ................................................................................................................... 4
Critical Findings ...................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Assisted Ventilations .............................................................................................................................................................. 4
Rescue Breathing .................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Administration of Glucogel to an Unresponsive Patient ...................................................................................................... 5
Canadian Red Cross Certification & BC EMALB Licensing ..................................................................................................... 5
Frontline First Aid First Responder Cheat Sheet
Page 2 of 5 2018-02-12 www.frontlinefirstaid.ca | 250-470-0205 | [email protected]
Assessment Model 1. SCENE SURVEY
H Hazards Is there anything in the area that could cause problems or injuries
E Environment Is the area hot…cold…toxic…unstable…etc
M Mechanism of Injury What happened to cause the injury or condition
P Number of Patients How many people require assistance or transport
A Additional Resources Are more personnel needed? Ambulance, FD, hazmat, poison control, tech rescue, etc
2. PRIMARY SURVEY
D Delicate Spine Is spinal motion restriction required? Yes or No Critical Interventions Quickly manage life threatening problems as you find them
LOC Level of Consciousness Alert…Verbal stimulus…Pain stimulus…Unresponsive
A Airway With “Cheater Carotid Check” and OPA if unresponsive
B Breathing Oxygen or Assisted Ventilations if needed
C Circulation Radial Pulse, Skin and Rapid Body Survey - Blanket
Main Concern What are the most potentially life-threatening problems?
Transport/Movement Urgent or Delayed
3. SECONDARY SURVEY
Interview
S Signs and Symptoms What is hurting or causing discomfort
O Onset Did this happen suddenly or gradually
P Provokes Is there anything that makes the pain better or worse
Q Quality Sharp…dull…throbbing…aching…stabbing…burning…crushing…squeezing…tingling…etc…
R Radiating Where is the pain; and does it stay in one spot or move to other areas
S Severity How bad is the pain on a scale of 1-10
T Timing When did the pain start; and does is come and go or stay constant
A Allergies Are you allergic to anything…and have you been recently exposed
M Medications Do you take medication…did you take too much…too little…missed…new ones
P Previous Medical History Medical conditions or past incidents; diabetes…high BP…asthma…COPD…etc
L Last Meal What and when did you last eat or drink…is that normal for you
E Events Leading Up To What were you doing when the pain or discomfort started
Vital Signs
LOC Alert…Verbal…Pain…Unresponsive
Respirations Rate…Rhythm…Character
Pulse Rate…Rhythm…Character
SpO2 Pulse Oximeter – Blood Oxygen Level
Blood Pressure Palpation…Systolic/P or Auscultation…Systolic/Diastolic
Skin Color…Temp…Moisture - Measure body core temperature if relevant
Head to Toe
Pupils Pupils Equal and Reactive to Light – compare size and reactivity of each pupil
Palpation Feel for injuries
Distal Circulation Assess bilateral pulses and check motor and sensory function in extremities
4. ONGOING SURVEY
Record Data Ensure patient care report is complete and accurate…Pass information to higher levels of care
Reassess Vitals every 5 minutes if life-threatening…every 15 minutes if non-life-threatening
S-B-A-R Transfer S Situation B Background A Assessment R Recommend/Results
Frontline First Aid First Responder Cheat Sheet
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APGAR 0 1 2
Activity Limp Some extremity flexion Active Movement
Pulse Absent Below 100 bpm 100 bpm or higher
Grimace No response Grimace Cough, sneeze, cry
Appearance Body/Extremities Blue/Pale Body Pink – Extremities Blue Completely pink
Respiration Absent Slow and Irregular Strong, crying
7-10 is “Normal … 4-6 is “Fairly Low” … 0-3 is “Critically Low”
CPR Compression: Ventilation Ratios Adult over 9 Child 1-8 Infant under 1
One Rescuer 30:2 30:2 30:2
Two Rescuer 30:2 15:2 15:2
Infant with pulse less than 60 bpm = Start CPR
Check pulse 30-45 seconds if patient is Hypothermic
CPR with Airway Obstruction
CPR with Obstruction
CPR
1 Ventilation does not go in Attempt 2nd Breath
30 Compressions
AED as soon as Possible
Look in Mouth
Finger Sweep if object visible
Attempt Ventilation
Repeat until
2 Ventilations go in
Or Signs of Life
30 Compressions
2 Ventilations
AED as soon as possible
Repeat until
Signs of Life
Remove OPA
2 Ventilations go in
Re-insert OPA
Oxygen Cylinder Calculations Duration of Flow = (gauge pressure -200 psi) x C
Flow Rate (lpm)
C = Cylinder Constant
D-Cylinder: C = 0.16 L/psi (most commonly used on scene)
E-Cylinder: C = 0.28 L/psi M-Cylinder: C = 1.56 L/psi
6 “Rights” of Medication 1 Person Does this person have a prescription
2 Medication Have they had it before…no Contraindications…is this their Medication
3 Time When was the last dose taken…is it needed now
4 Dose How much should they take
5 Route How should they take/use it
6 Documentation Record the time and effects of each dose
Frontline First Aid First Responder Cheat Sheet
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KED Strapping Sequence My Middle strap first Yellow
Baby Bottom strap second Red
Looks Leg straps third Black
Hot Head straps fourth White
Tonight Top strap last Green
Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (S.T.A.R.T.) Dead / Non-Salvageable (BLACK) Not Breathing
Immediate (RED)
Breathing > 30 per minute
Breathing with absent radial pulse
Decreased LOC
Delayed (YELLOW)
Unable to walk
Minor (GREEN)
Able to walk
Breathing Normal
Radial Pulse Present
Normal LOC
Critical Findings Finding Implication Intervention
Breathing over 30 times/minute Tachypnea Assist Ventilations
Breathing less than 10 times/minute Dyspnea Assist Ventilations
Blood Pressure less than 80 mmHg Systolic Hypo-tension Position Supine
Oxygen Saturation (SpO2) less than 95% Hypoxia / Hypoxemia Increase O2 intake
Infant pulse less than 60 bpm Equivalent to Absent Begin CPR
Body core temperature below 35 - 36 C Mild Hypothermia Rewarm slowly
Body core temperature below 30 - 34 C Moderate Hypothermia Rewarm slowly
Body core temperature below <30 C Severe Hypothermia Rewarm slowly
Body core temperature above 37 C Hyperthermia Cool rapidly
APGAR below 4 Unresponsive Load and Go
Pulseless, angulated limb Limb Threatening Load and Go Attempt to realign
Adult Pulse Rate over 160 bpm Urgent Tachycardia Load and Go
Assisted Ventilations
Problem Ventilation Rate
Adult Child / Infant
Timed between or
with patient’s
own breaths
Breathing too Fast
greater than 30 breaths per minute 1 breath
every
5-6 seconds
1 breath
every
3-5 seconds
Breathing too Slow
less than 10 breaths per minute
Signs of Hypoxia
Signs of Respiratory distress
Rescue Breathing
Problem Ventilation Rate
Adult Child / Infant
Respiratory Arrest…but PULSE PRESENT 1 breath every 5-6 seconds 1 breath every 3-5 seconds
Frontline First Aid First Responder Cheat Sheet
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Administration of Glucogel to an Unresponsive Patient
Protect Airway
Assemble Suction Unit and keep it ready
Place Patient in Recovery (Semi-Prone) Position
Remove OPA
Administer Glucogel
Place approximately half the tube of Glucogel on the inside of the lower cheek (Buccal Pouch)
A tongue depressor may be used to “scrape” the Glucogel onto the inside of the cheek
Continue slowly until the entire tube of Glucogel has been absorbed
Monitor Reinsert OPA
Monitor for changes
Canadian Red Cross Certification & BC EMALB Licensing
3. BC EMALB processes and mails your License
EMALB will mail your License to your Fire Department, if applicable,
or your personal mailing address
You must notify EMALB if you move or change Departments
If you submit your License Application, you should receive your
EMALB FR License within 30 days
2. Submit online BC EMALB FR License Application
Online BC EMALB First Responder Licensing Application Form
You can refer to our Licensing Application Template
You should receive confirmation email from EMALB that your
application was received
Forward the confirmation email to [email protected]
1. Obtain Canadian Red Cross First Responder Certification
(includes BC EMALB FR Licensing Evaluations)Frontline will notify you within 10 days that you have been submitted to Red
Cross and EMALB
You’ll also get an email from Red Cross. Follow our instructions:
frontlinefirstaid.ca/certificates
Access and print your Canadian Red Cross First Responder Certificate
through your MyRC profile