First Aid CPR

What would you do?

Baby cryingPregnant woman crying

ChokingHeart attack

StrokeHand on head talking on a cellphone

Face in puddleFlew 40 ft off of motorcycle

Face in steering wheelDeadly wound/severe bleeding

Emergency Scene Management$$$$$3 C’s

ABCD’sOr 3 H’s

3 Checks (3 C’s)CHECK 1: Area – Scene Safety WHY?• Is the area safe? Use your senses to find potential hazards for

yourself (i.e. gas leak, broken glass, live wire, etc.)CHECK 2: Responsiveness – “Tap and Shout” WHY? • Try to wake up the individual by tapping his face or slapping the

ground beside her ear. Also, try shouting to get his attention (ex. “Are you okay?!”)

CHECK 3: EMS – Unresponsiveness• Call 9-1-1 and get the AED • *Do not leave the victim alone, try to ask a bystander to do these

for you

Unconscious: ABCD

Assessment and Intervention A – AIRWAY:• Use two fingers to tilt victim’s head back to open the airway. • Use other hand to gently guide the head and check for any obstructions in airway B – BREATHING:• Tilt head to see victim’s chest and place ear near the victim’s mouth (MAKE SURE

AIRWAY REMAINS OPEN)• You are listening for breathing, looking for the rise and fall of the chest, and feeling

for breaths for 10secsC – CIRCULATION• Check pulseD –Defibrillation • Use a defibrillator if available, it gives through step-by-step instructionsDeadly Bleeding • Find source of bleeding, cover wound, apply pressure and proceed with CPR –

MINIMIZE blood loss

Conscious: 3 H’s

HAPPENED?• Find out the mechanism of injuryHURTS?• What is the main complaint?HISTORY?• What is the medical history of the victim?

On-Going Care1. Continue to treat the underlying problem2. Treat for shockSigns and symptoms of shock:• Shallow and rapid breathing• Poor/weak circulation, rapid

pulse• Pale, cool skin• Restlessness, weakness, fear,

anxiety, confusion, disorientation

• Nausea, vomiting

How to treat for shock:• WARTS• Warmth• ABCs (vital signs)• Rest & Reassurance• Treatment of underlying cause• Semi-Prone (Recovery Position)

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

No signs of breathing or circulation CPR• Do 30 compressions – PUSH HARD, PUSH FAST• Give 2 breaths – pinch the nose and seal lips over mouth,

breath should last about a second• Repeat cycle of 30 compressions and 2 breaths until the

ambulance arrives

Angina + Heart Attack

Signs• Greyish complexion• Clammy skin• Cyanotic (blue) lips• Change in breathing rate

Symptoms• Pain in chest, radiating down

left and possibly right arm• Possible pain in jaw, or

shoulder blade(s)• Shortness of breath• Gastric reflux• Nausea• Denial

Angina + Heart Attack

How to help:1. 3 Checks (Area, Responsiveness, EMS)2. 3 H’s (Happened? Hurt? Medical History?)3. Place person in comfortable position4. Assist person to take prescribed medication5. Treat for shock (WARTS)

Stroke: Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

SIGNS• Possible slurred speech• One-sided paralysis• Loss of bladder/bowel control• Seizures

A stroke results from a blockage of a blood vessel in the brain.

SYMPTOMS• Possible disorientation and

confusion• Possible blurred vision• Severe headache

TREATMENT1. 3 Checks (Area, Responsiveness, EMS)2. 3 H’s (Happened? Hurt? Medical History?)3. Monitor level of consciousness4. Monitor ABCD’s5. Keep casualty calm, loosen tight clothing. Place in a

comfortable position (semi-sitting). If conscious with loss of sensation: place in recovery position

6. Treat for SHOCK (WARTS)

Stroke: Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

Choking: The Conscious CasualtyTREATMENT1. 3 C’s:• Check 1 (area)• Check 2 (responsiveness)• Check 3 (EMS)

2. Take charge and let the individual know you’re assisting3. Stabilize & position casualty, having the casualty lean

forward. Make sure you stabilize yourself as well. 4. Deliver 5 backblows• Using heel of rescuer’s hand• Deliver between shoulder blades

Choking: The Conscious Casualty5. Landmark for abdominal thrusts

a. Stand behind casualtyb. Place hands slightly above belly buttonc. Make fist with 1 hand, thumb tucked ind. Support thrusting fist with other hand

6. Deliver 5 abdominal thrustsa. Deliver with force and intention of removing obstruction on

1st thrustb. Use quick inward and upward thrustsRepeat from 4 below unit airway cleared or casualty unresponsive

Choking casualty becomes unconscious. Follow these steps:1. Protect head and neck from injury during their collapse2. Call 9-1-1 and retrieve AED3. 30 Chest compressions (check pulse before providing

compressions)• Landmark in centre of chest - PUSH HARD + FAST!

4. Inspect mouth and open airway using head tilt, chin lift5. Give 2 breaths – air enters lungs, check breathing• If breathing, seek medical attention• If NOT breathing perform CPR- Air does not enter lungs reposition airway and attempt second breath

6. Treat for shock

Choking: The Unconscious Casualty

ConvulsionsA seizure is caused by a chaotic burst of disorganized electrical activity in the brain.Absence seizureSigns• The casualty will stare into space and be temporarily

unresponsiveSymptoms• Pre-seizure Aura Poss.• Visual disturbances• Auditory disturbances

ConvulsionsPartial SeizureSigns• Periods of automatic behaviour• Altered consciousness• Purposeful look, repetitive behaviourSymptoms• Pre-seizure Aura Poss.• Visual disturbances• Auditory disturbances

Generalized SeizureSigns• Falling to the floor• Unconsciousness• Frothing from the mouth• Clenched, grinding teeth• Involuntary movementsSymptoms• Pre-seizure Aura Poss.• Visual disturbances• Auditory disturbances

ConvulsionsPre-Seizure/during seizure care:• 3 Checks (Area, Responsiveness, EMS)• 3 H’s (Happened? Hurt? History?• Assist person to safe position• Provide protection (for head, if available)• Clear the area• Put nothing in mouth• Protect (do not restrain) the head or bodyAfter the seizure:• Normal for casualty to want to sleep• Treat for Shock (WARTS)• Perform on-going care while waiting for 911

AllergiesMINOR REACTIONSigns• Watery eyes• Hives• Sneezing, runny nose• Localized swelling (minor

allergic reaction)• Vomiting, diarrheaSymptoms• Itchy eyes• Breathing difficulty• Nausea

ANAPHYLACTIC REACTIONSigns• Change in breathing (wheezing,

coughing)• Change in pulse rate (weak,

rapid pulse)• Hives, rednessSymptoms• Itchy skin• Agitation, then confusion• Weakness• Dizziness, lethargy

AllergiesHow to HelpCbeck the area, responsiveness, and EMS. If you are able to communicate with the person, ask them what happened, how the person got hurt and their medical history. It is also good to make the casualty calm and maybe you can assist them with any medications, if available. After this step, you can treat for shock (WARTS), activate EMS immediately (if not done already), and lastly, monitor casualty.