Mr. Homan, American Cultures, NPHS

Final Exam Review

The Cold WarChapter 18

Mr. Homan, American Cultures, NPHS

What caused the tension between the Soviet Union and the United States after WWII?

• Different economic and political systems

• Soviets had been an ally to Germany

• Stalin resented Allies delay in invading Europe so to open a second German front

Mr. Homan, American Cultures, NPHS

What did Stalin do to make Truman distrust him?

• Stalin refused to allow free elections in Eastern Europe

Mr. Homan, American Cultures, NPHS

What were Truman’s goals in establishing a policy of containment?

• To stop the spread of Soviet expansion and influence

Mr. Homan, American Cultures, NPHS

US Aims vs. USSR Aims in Europe

• Create new world order for self-determination

• Gain access to raw materials and markets

• Stable governments and markets for US goods

• Reunite Germany

• Expand communism• Rebuild using

equipment and raw materials from E. Europe

• Control E. Europe has buffer against US influence

• Keep Germany divided and weak

Mr. Homan, American Cultures, NPHS

Winston Churchill coined this phrase to describe the division between

Eastern and Western Europe?

• Iron curtain

Mr. Homan, American Cultures, NPHS

This phrase describes the conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union in which neither nation directly confronted

each other on the battlefield?

• Cold War

Mr. Homan, American Cultures, NPHS

What was the Marshall Plan?

• 16 European countries receive $13 billion in aid

• Revives Western Europe’s economy

• Stops the appeal of communism

• US economy benefits

Mr. Homan, American Cultures, NPHS

What was the Truman Doctrine?

• The US promises to help countries resist communist takeover

Mr. Homan, American Cultures, NPHS

What were the effects of the Berlin Airlift?

• Broke the Soviet blockade of Berlin

• Increased US prestige• Reduced Soviet prestige

Mr. Homan, American Cultures, NPHS

Why was the NATO alliance created?

• Members pledged military support to one another in case any member was attacked.

Mr. Homan, American Cultures, NPHS

What factors led to the Communist takeover of China?

• The Nationalists were corrupt

• Nationalists did not support peasant population

• Communists had strong leadership

• The Communists worked to win peasant support

Mr. Homan, American Cultures, NPHS

How did Korea become a divided nation following WWII?

• Japanese troops above the 38the parallel surrendered to the Soviets.

• Japanese troops below the 38th parallel surrendered to the US.

Mr. Homan, American Cultures, NPHS

How did the involvement of communist China affect the Korean War?

• As UN forces takeover the North, the Chinese enter on the side of the North Koreans and push the UN forces back to the 38th parallel.

Mr. Homan, American Cultures, NPHS

How did Truman and MacArthur differ over strategy in the Korean War?

• MacArthur wanted to wage full-scale nuclear war against China.

• Truman wanted to limit the war and avoid WWIII.

Mr. Homan, American Cultures, NPHS

How did the Loyalty Review Board pose a threat to civil liberties?

• Individuals under investigation were not allowed to see the evidence against them.

Mr. Homan, American Cultures, NPHS

Why was Hollywood a target of anti-communist investigations by Congress?

• HUAC (House Un-American Activities Committee believed Hollywood was sneaking communist propaganda into films.

• Membrs pointed to pro-Soviet films made during WWII.

Mr. Homan, American Cultures, NPHS

Why did the Alger Hiss and the Rosenbergs heighten the anti-communist mood of Americans?

• They added to the impression that the US was being betrayed by Communist spies.

Mr. Homan, American Cultures, NPHS

This term has come to refer to the unfair tactic of accusing people of

disloyalty without any evidence.

•McCarthyism

Mr. Homan, American Cultures, NPHS

How did the US and Soviet Union start the arms race?

• By developing more powerful weapons, including the H-bomb.

• = 1 million tons of TNT• Almost 70x more

powerful than bomb dropped on Hiroshima

Mr. Homan, American Cultures, NPHS

What was the role of the CIA in the Cold War?

• To gather intelligences and to carry out secret operations against unfriendly governments.

Mr. Homan, American Cultures, NPHS

What were the results of the Suez War?

• Great Britain, France and Israel withdrew from the canal and control passed to Eygpt.

Mr. Homan, American Cultures, NPHS

This was a warning to the Soviet Union that the US would defend the Middle East against any

attack from a communist country?

• Eisenhower Doctrine

Mr. Homan, American Cultures, NPHS

How was Stalin similar to and different from Nikita Khrushchev?

• Both believed in communism dominating the world

• Unlike Stalin, Khrushchev thought this could be achieved peacefully.

Mr. Homan, American Cultures, NPHS

This term defined Eisenhower’s willingness to go to the edge of all-out war to stop the spread of communism.

• Brinkmanship