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Page 1: Figure 6-4. Figure 6-8 Figure 6-11 W lamp W filament vacuum valence electrons in solid are excited by heat, relax to GS, and give off light

Figure 6-4

Page 2: Figure 6-4. Figure 6-8 Figure 6-11 W lamp W filament vacuum valence electrons in solid are excited by heat, relax to GS, and give off light
Page 3: Figure 6-4. Figure 6-8 Figure 6-11 W lamp W filament vacuum valence electrons in solid are excited by heat, relax to GS, and give off light

Figure 6-8

Page 4: Figure 6-4. Figure 6-8 Figure 6-11 W lamp W filament vacuum valence electrons in solid are excited by heat, relax to GS, and give off light

Figure 6-11

Page 5: Figure 6-4. Figure 6-8 Figure 6-11 W lamp W filament vacuum valence electrons in solid are excited by heat, relax to GS, and give off light

W lamp

W filamentvacuum

valence electrons in solid are excited by heat, relax to GS, and give off light

Page 6: Figure 6-4. Figure 6-8 Figure 6-11 W lamp W filament vacuum valence electrons in solid are excited by heat, relax to GS, and give off light

W lamp

From: Olsen, Modern Optical Methods of Analysis, p.110, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1975.

Wien displacement law: maxT = 2.90x 103 K∙m

Stefan’s law: ET = T4

Page 7: Figure 6-4. Figure 6-8 Figure 6-11 W lamp W filament vacuum valence electrons in solid are excited by heat, relax to GS, and give off light

Figure 6-13

Page 8: Figure 6-4. Figure 6-8 Figure 6-11 W lamp W filament vacuum valence electrons in solid are excited by heat, relax to GS, and give off light

Figure 7-10 Line emission spectra of hydrogen, mercury, and neon. Excited gaseous elements produce characteristic spectra that can be used to identify element as well as to determine how much element is present in a sample.

Kotz and Treichel, Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, 3rd ed., p.326, Saunders College Publishing, New York, 1996.

Page 9: Figure 6-4. Figure 6-8 Figure 6-11 W lamp W filament vacuum valence electrons in solid are excited by heat, relax to GS, and give off light

electric discharge lamp

fill gas – H2, D2, Hg, Na, Ne, etc.

valence electrons in gaseous atoms are excited by electrical E,relax to GS, and give off light

Page 10: Figure 6-4. Figure 6-8 Figure 6-11 W lamp W filament vacuum valence electrons in solid are excited by heat, relax to GS, and give off light

Figure 6-14

Page 11: Figure 6-4. Figure 6-8 Figure 6-11 W lamp W filament vacuum valence electrons in solid are excited by heat, relax to GS, and give off light

Figure 7-13

Kotz and Treichel, Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, 3rd ed., p.331,Saunders College Publishing, New York, 1996.

Paschen series

Page 12: Figure 6-4. Figure 6-8 Figure 6-11 W lamp W filament vacuum valence electrons in solid are excited by heat, relax to GS, and give off light

Figure 6-17

Page 13: Figure 6-4. Figure 6-8 Figure 6-11 W lamp W filament vacuum valence electrons in solid are excited by heat, relax to GS, and give off light

Figure 6-20

Page 14: Figure 6-4. Figure 6-8 Figure 6-11 W lamp W filament vacuum valence electrons in solid are excited by heat, relax to GS, and give off light

Figure 6-23

Page 15: Figure 6-4. Figure 6-8 Figure 6-11 W lamp W filament vacuum valence electrons in solid are excited by heat, relax to GS, and give off light

Figure 6-24

Page 16: Figure 6-4. Figure 6-8 Figure 6-11 W lamp W filament vacuum valence electrons in solid are excited by heat, relax to GS, and give off light

Figure 6-18

Orbital Energy Levels in Hydrogen Atom

one electron system

Page 17: Figure 6-4. Figure 6-8 Figure 6-11 W lamp W filament vacuum valence electrons in solid are excited by heat, relax to GS, and give off light

Figure 6-25

Orbital energy levels in many-electron atoms.

Page 18: Figure 6-4. Figure 6-8 Figure 6-11 W lamp W filament vacuum valence electrons in solid are excited by heat, relax to GS, and give off light
Page 19: Figure 6-4. Figure 6-8 Figure 6-11 W lamp W filament vacuum valence electrons in solid are excited by heat, relax to GS, and give off light

Figure 6-30

Page 20: Figure 6-4. Figure 6-8 Figure 6-11 W lamp W filament vacuum valence electrons in solid are excited by heat, relax to GS, and give off light

Figure 6-31