Week 0-2 Week 3 Week 24-36 Week 12-24 Week 9-12 Week 8 Week 7 Week 6 Week 5 Week 4 Week 36-Birth

Photo credit: Ed Euthman, MD Photo credit: Ed Euthman, MDEmbryonic development, 5 weeks. Embryo at 7 weeks. Fetal development.

Photo credit: National Institutes of Health

Pre-Embryo Embryonic Stage Fetal Stage

Photo credit: Hljod HuskonaImplantation, 6 days post-fertilization.

Midline Facial Abnormalties

Heart Defects, Embryonic Heart Begins to Beat in 4th Week

Central Nervous System (CNS) Vulnerable

Intrauterine Growth Restriction

CNS: Ocular Defects

CNS: Basal Ganglia Defects

CNS: Corpus Callosum Defects

CNS: Cerebellum Defects

Implantation Issues

Acknowledgements: Jane Maienschein, Karen Wellner, Ben Hurlbut, The Embryo Project, Center for Biology and Society, HPS Lab Group, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, AAAS Section L Phillip Morrison Fellowship

What is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)?Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: •Specific set of alcohol-induced defects in children born to mothers who heavily abused alcohol when pregnant •Pre- and Post-natal Growth Deficiencies •Minor Facial Abnormalities •Central Nervous System Defects•Severity of defects depends on: •Developmental stage when exposed •Vulnerable cellular populations and mechanisms •Severity, duration, and frequency of exposure

FAS and the Embryo Project Encyclopedia (EPE):EPE examines “agents of change shaping embryo research and its multiple contexts” •Peer-reviewed, online encyclopedia •Articles written primarily for lay audienceMethods for examining FAS with the EPE: •13 FAS-related articles written •Articles examine specific developmental defects and socio-historical context •Developmental timeline of alcohol’s effects created to represent this cluster

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in Development: An Embryo Project Perspective

Erica L. O’Neil, Center for Biology & Society, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

FAS and Central Nervous System

FAS and Facial Abnormalities

FAS and Intrauterine Growth Restrictions

FAS and Corpus Callosum Defects

FAS and Cerebellum Defects

FAS and Cardiac Defects

FAS and Basal Ganglia

Developmental Timeline of Defects

FAS and Ocular Defects

FAS and Radial Glia Damage

Discovery of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Alcohol-related Neurodevelopmental

Disorders

Alcohol-relatedBirth Defects

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

References: Armstrong, Elizabeth M. Conceiving Risk, Bearing Responsibility: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome & the Diagnosis of Moral Disorder. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press, 2003.Bookstein, Fred L., Paul D. Sampson, Paul D. Connor, and Ann P. Streissguth. “Midline Corpus Callosum is a Neuroanatomical Focus of Fetal Alcohol Damage,” The New Anatomical Record 269 (2002): 162–74.Dikranian, K., Yue-Qin Qin, J. Labruyere, B. Nemmers, and J. W. Olney. “Ethanol-Induced Neuroapoptosis in the Developing Rodent Cerebellum and Related Brain Stem Structures,” Developmental Brain Research 155 (2005): 1–13. The Embryo Project. “Overview: About.” Embryo Project Encyclopedia. http://embryo.asu.edu (Accessed Jan 2, 2011).Gilbert, Scott. Developmental Biology, 8 ed. Sunderland: Sinauer, 2006.Golden, Janet. Message in a Bottle: The Makings of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2005.Grewal, J., S. L. Carmichael, C. Ma, E. J. Lammer, and G. M. Shaw. “Maternal Periconceptional Smoking and Alcohol Consumption and Risk for Select Congenital Anomalies,” Birth Defects Research Part A 82 (2008): 519–26.Guerri, Consuelo, Alissa Bazinet, and Edward P. Riley. “Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders and Alterations in Brain and Behavior,” Alcohol & Alcoholism 44 (2009): 108–14.

Developmental Timeline of Alcohol-Induced Birth Defects and Neurological Impairment