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The National Park ‘’Biogradska gora’’ has a special place in the impressive mosaic of natural beauties of Montenegro. This is one of the oldest protected areas in the world with 5.65 hectares spreading over the central part of the Bjelasica mountain range, between the rivers Tara and Lim. In 1878, Prince Nikola Petrovic, lord of Montenegro, discovered the lake of Biogradsko , the heart of today’s National Park. Because of the unique beauty of its lake and forests, he ordered for this area to be strictly protected. Since that time, this natural jewel was called the Prince’s preserve or ‘’rampart’’. Thanks to these historical circumstances and the Prince’s early understanding of the need to preserve its natural beauty, this area is still an oasis of untouched nature, where time and life go on without man’s interference, just like thousands of years ago.

Through the long period of evolution, an unusually large number of biological, hydrological, glacial, climatic and landscape treasures were created. Of distinc-tion, the park contains five magnificent glacial lakes, in particular Biogradsko Lake which is often named as the most beautiful lake in the Balkan Peninsula. The lake itself was created in the terminal basin of a former Biogradsko glacier. The lake, surrounded by primeval forest, is located at an attitude of 1094 m and is 1100 m long with an average depth of 4,5 m. The shores of this lake are around the lake, and a long wooden bridge spans the swamp at the mouth of the Biogradska River. During spring and summer the bridge is lost in the greenery of various tall mountain plants so that the passage over the river’s delta is something to be re-membered for a long time.

The most significant biological treasure and symbol of the National Park is the primeval forest Biogradska gora, which spreads over more than 1600 ha, surrounding the lake from all sides. According to the latest research, 26 plants communities are located in Biograd-ska gora, from which 86 tree species can be found. Moreover, the composition of plants of non-forest ecosystem is even richer. The flora, varied and beautiful, combines with the wealth of fauna which finds it peace in the oa-sis of untouched nature.

The numerous attributes of ‘’Biogradska gora National Park’’ recommend this open-air ‘’lab-oratory’’ for inclusion in the world’s natural heritage sites, and illustrate the necessity to organise scientific research work and ecologi-cal education of international significance.

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U impresivnom mozaiku prirodnih vrijednosti Crne Gore posebno mjesto pripada Nacionalnom parku „Biogradska gora“. Radi se o jednom od najstarijih zaštićenih prostora na svijetu koji zauzima central-ni dio planinskog masiva Bjelasice, između rijeka Tare i Lima sa površinom od 5650ha. Godine 1878. Knjaz Nikola Petrović, gospodar Crne Gore, otkrio je Biogradsko jezero, srce današnjeg nacionalnog parka. On je naredio da se zbog jedinstvene lj-epote jezera i šume ovaj prostor strogo čuva. Od tada se ovaj prirodni dragulj dugo zvao „Knjažev zabran“ ili „Branik“. Zahvaljujući istorijskim okol-nostima i ranom razumijevanju za očuvanje prirod-

nih ljepota i danas je ovaj prostor oaza netaknute prirode gdje vrijeme i život teku bez uplitanja čovjeka. Kao i prije hiljadu godina.

Kroz dugi period evolucije na prostoru Nacionalnog parka ispreplitao se i izdiferen-cirao neobično veliki broj bioloških, hidroloških, glacijalnih, klimatskih i pejzažnih vrijednosti i zanimljivosti. Posebno se izdvajaju pet veličanstvenih glacijalnih jezera, naročito Biogradsko jezero koje se često naziva najljepšim jezerom Bal-kanskog poluostrva. Samo jezero nastalo je u terminalnom basenu nekadašnjeg Biogradskog lednika. Nalazi se na 1094 mnv, okruženo prašumom, dugačko 1100 m sa prosječnom dubinom 4,5 m. Obale jezera duge su oko 3,5 km. Oko jezera je izgrađena pješačka staza. Na više mjesta su postavljene klupe za odmor, a močvara koja se stvara u dijelu gdje uvire Biogradska rijeka premošćena je dugim drvenim mostom. U vrijeme proljeća i ljeta taj se most izgubi u zelenilu raznih pla-ninskih biljaka koje visoko izrastaju pa je i prolaz deltom Biogradske rijeke nešto što se dugo pamti.

Najveću i najznačajniju biološku vrijednost i osobenost čini prašuma Biogradska gora, koja zahvata površinu od preko 1600 ha, okružujući sa svih strana Biograd-sko jezero.

Prema najnovijim istraživanjima u Biogradskoj gori je ustanovljeno 26 biljnih za-jednica od čega 86 drvenastih. Floristički sastav nešumskih ekosistema je znatno bogatiji. Kada je u pitanju biljni svijet postoji zaista jedno bogatstvo različitosti koje plijeni svojom ljepotom, sve to upotpunjeno bogatim životinjskim svijetom koji nalazi mir u ovoj oazi netaknute prirode.

Različite vrijednosti Nacionalnog parka „Biogradska gora“ preporučuju ovu „prirod-nu laboratoriju“ za uključivanje u svjetsku prirodnu baštinu, kao i potrebu da se ovdje organizuju naučno-istraživački rad i ekološko obrazovanje međunarodnog značaja.

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The relief of Biogradska gora , its forest of deciduous and conifer trees and other natural conditions account for the varied animal world here. This region is the habitat of the: wolf, fox, marten, weasel, rabbit, squirrel and bear, and from time to time a boar passes through, The roe deer is an autochthonous inhabitant of this region and therefore protected. There are also red deer in the park, but brought here from other regions.

The Biogradsko, Pešića and Ursulovačko lakes are inhabited by different kinds of trout (brook, rainbow, golden). Special protection is given to triton relicts (sala-mander, triton) – Triterus montenegrinus, which is autochthonous, like the trout, in the lakes of Bjelasica.

Biogradska Gora as part of the national park is inhabited by wide variety of birds, which is of interest to ornithologists or bird-watchers, i.e. bird-watching clubs. Reg-istered so far are 150 species of birds in the region, including the: grouse, lark, crested titmouse, yellow and blue titmouse, Sitta europaea caesia, woodpecker, chaffinch. Diving into mountain streams searching the bottom for crustaceans is the dipper. The imperial eagle, as well as the hawk and buzzard, are protected. Birds migrating from north to south and vice versa fly over Mt. Bjelasica. Impres-sive is their flight and raucous communication are large flocks of wild geese and cranes passing over in autumn and spring.

In the national park 350 kinds of insects have been identified. Coleoptera are found here in abundance, butterflies and moths flying by day and night, as well as water-inhabiting insects. High-mountain meadows and pastures abound in grasshoppers which nourish snakes, other reptiles, and birds while raising their young.

Protected are forest ants, stag beetles, and among the butterflies: the Apollo and swallowtail bytterfly.

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Reljef Biogradske gore, njen šumski pokrov lišćara i četinara i drugi prirodni uslovi predodredili su i bogatstvo životinjskog svijeta na ovom prostoru. Na tom području su staništa: vuka, lisice, kune, lasice, zeca, vjeverice i medvjeda. S vremena na vrijeme pojave se i divlje svinje i to u prolazu. Srna je autohtoni stanovnik ovog područja i uživa zaštitu. U Biogradskoj gori ima i jelena i košuta, koji su svojevre-meno useljeni sa drugih područja.

Biogradsko, Pešića i Ursulovačko jezero naseljeni su ribama pastrmkama (potočna, kalifornijska, zlatovčica). Posebnu zaštitu zaslužuje Triterus montenegrinus koji je autohton, kao i pastrmka u jezerima Bjelasice.

Biogradsku goru kao dio istoimenog Nacionalnog parka naseljava bogat svijet ptica, što je od interesa za onritologe i pripadnike „bird watching“. tj. Udruženja posmatrača ptica. Do sada je registrovano 150 vrsta ptica na tom području, među kojima su: veliki tetrijeb, ušata ševa, ćubasta sjenica, brgljez, djetlić, zeba, češljugar. U planinskim potocima roni i pretražuje dno, tražeći mekušce vodeni kos. Zaštićeni su orao krstaš, kao i jastreb i mišar. Preko planine Bjelasice prelazi koridor seoba ptica sa sjevera na jug i obratno. Impozantna su u preletu i glasnom sporazumijevanju velika jata divljih gusaka, ždralova, prilikom jesenjih i proljetnih preleta.

U području Nacionalnog parka „Biogradska gora“ do sada je opisano 350 vrsta insekata. Utvrđen je bogat svijet tvrdokrilaca, dnevnih i noćnih leptira, kao i in-sekata vodenih staništa. Visokoplaninske livade i pašnjaci su puni skakavaca koji predstavljaju osnovnu hranu zmijama, drugim gmizavcima, a i pticama naročito u periodu podizanja mladih.

Zaštićeni su šumski mravi, jelenak, nosorožac, a od leptira: apolonov leptir, lastin rep i jedarce.

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Biogradska gora

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Imaju velike mandibule i kao mnoge vrste mrava izlučuju mravlju kiselinu iz abdomena kao odbranu. Uobičajena ishrana kolonije šumskog mrava jesu beskičmenjaci nađeni oko mravinjaka. Prave velike, upadljive mravinjake u obliku kupole koji su obično smješteni na šumskim proplancima. Žive u zimzelenim i u širokolisnim, otvorenim šumama. Na evropskoj Crvenoj listi su smješteni u kategoriju VU. U Crnoj Gori se nalazi na spisku Zaštićenih biljnih i životinjskih vrsta.

They have large mandibles and, like many species of ants, secrete formic acid from the abdomens, which is used for defence. They feed on invertebrates found around the nest. Their nests are large, conspicuous, dome-shaped edifices, usually situated in woodland clearings. They live in coniferous and broad-leaved open forests. The European Red list classifies it as VU category. In Montenegro, it appears on the List of protected plant and animal species.

INSEKTI

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Bijeli leptir, sa blistavim krilima koja imaju blago providne ivice. Ima nekoliko crnih mrlja na prednjim krilima i crvene do narandžaste mrlje na zadnjim. Naseljavaju planinske livade i pašnjake i do 2000m nadmorske visine. Na evropskoj Crvenoj listi se nalazi u kategoriji R- rijetka vrsta čija je ukupna svjetska populacija mala, tako da iako za sada nije u kategoriji ugroženih ili ranjivih postoji opasnost da postane.Nalazi se i na listi Apendixa II CITES Konvencije. U Crnoj Gori se nalazi na spisku Zaštićenih biljnih i životinjskih vrsta.

A white butterfly with shiny wings slightly transparent at the edges. It has several black spots on the forewings and red to orange ones on the hindwings. It inhabits mountain meadows and pastures, up to 2,000 m. The European Red list classifies it as R– rare species with very small population in the world. Although it is not yet threatened or vul-nerable species there is fear that it can become so. It appears in the CITES Conven-tion’s appendix II and on Montenegrin List of protected plant and animal species.

INSEKTI

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INSEKTI

Karakterističan je po rogljastim izraštajima na donjim krilima koji su dugi koliko i ukupna širina donjih krila. Prednja krila imaju poprečne crne linije na blijedožutoj pozadini. Ra-spon krila mu iznosi 7 cm. Naseljava otvorene žbunaste livade. U Crnoj Gori se nalazi na spisku Zaštićenih biljnih i životinjskih vrsta.

It is characterized by tail-like extensions of the hindwings, which are as long as the total breadth of the hindwings. It has black-striped pale yellow forewings. The wingspan is 7 cm. It occurs in open scrublands. In Montenegro, it appears on the List of protected plant and animal species.

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Ima snažne, razvijene gornje čeljusti. Veličina tijela mu je oko 7,5 cm, od čega jednu trećinu čine čeljusti ili mandibule, dok je ženka manja. Sa unutrašnje strane čeljusti su na vrhu nazubljene te podsjećaju na rogove jelena, po čemu je ova vrsta, kao i cijela porodica, dobila ime. Boja tijela im je tamno smeđa. Hrani se biljnim sokovima. Živi u hrastovim šumama, uz trula stabla i panjeve. U Crnoj Gori se nalazi na spisku Zaštićenih biljnih i životinjskih vrsta.

It has strong, well-developed upper jaws. Their length is about 7.5 cm, 1/3 of which goes to jaws or mandibles. The females are smaller. On inner side the jaws are serrated at the edge and resemble stag’s antlers, which gave name to the species and the whole family. It is dark brown. It feeds on plant sap. It lives in oak forests near dead trees and tree stumps. In Montenegro, it appears on the List of protected plant and animal species.

INSEKTI

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Na gornjoj strani krila ima crne transverzalne linije na blijedoj žutoj pozadini, i dvije narandžaste tačke. Raspon krila mu iznosi 7 cm. Nastanjuje otvorene livade i pašnjake. U Crnoj Gori se nalazi na spisku Zaštićenih biljnih i životinjskih vrsta.

On the upper side of the wings, it has transverse black lines on pale yellow background and two orange spots. Its wingspan is 7 cm. It occurs in open meadows and pasture-lands. In Montenegro, it appears on the List of protected plant and animal species.

INSEKTI

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Tijelo mu je jako izbočeno i pokriveno tvrdim, smeđerđavim pokrovom, dok je donji dio tijela crnorđav. Mužjak ima dug izvijen rog na glavi. To je saprofagni insekt koji se hrani satrulim beskičmenjacima. Nalazimo ga najčešće u trulom lišću hrastovih šuma. U Crnoj Gori se nalazi na spisku Zaštićenih biljnih i životinjskih vrsta.

Its body is very convex and covered with a hard brown-rusty shell, while the underside is black rusty. The males have a long rear-pointing horn on the head. Being a sapropha-gous insect it feeds on decaying invertebrates. It ussualy occurs in decaying leaves of oak forests. In Montenegro, it appears on the List of protected plant and animal species.

INSEKTI

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Veličina je do 50 cm, a dostiže težinu oko 2 kg. Leđa su joj tamna, strane blijede i istačkane različitim crvenkastim bojama. Stomak joj je kremasto žuto-bijel. Hrani se beskičmenjacima, larvama insekata, vazdušnim insektima, mekušcima, ponekad ribama i žabama. Maksimalan životni vijek joj je 5 godina. Živi u planinskim potocima i rijekama. Ponekad dospijavaju i u planinska jezera.Po IUCN listi je u kategoriji VU.

It is about 50 cm long and weighs about 2 kg. The back is of dark coloration, with lighter flanks sprinkled with red dots. The belly is yellowish white. It feeds on invertebrates, insect larvae, insects from the air, mollusks and sometimes on fish and frogs. It maximal life span is 5 years. It occurs in mountain streams and rivers. Sometimes it is found in mountain lakes. The UICN’s Category of Threat lists it as VU (Vulnerable) species.

RIBE

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Mogu biti teške 9 kg ili više. Boja mesa ove vrste varira od svijetlo crvene do blijedo roze. Živi i u slatkoj i u slanoj vodi, u planinskim jezerima. Po IUCN listi je u kategoriji VU.

They can weigh about 9 kg or more. The meat of these fish is light red to pale pink. It occurs both in fresh and salt waters, in mountain lakes. The UICN’s Category of Threat lists it as VU (Vulnerable) species.

RIBE

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Mala riba, sa velikim ustima, braonkaste boje leđa sa tačkama ili pločicama i blijedom bojom trbuha. Hrani se malim beskičmenjacima koji žive na dnu kao što su larve insekata, jaja i larve raznih riba, rakovima. Nastanjuje slatkovodne potoke, rijeke i jezera sa jakim kamenitim supstratom. Po IUCN listi je u kategoriji DD-(Data Deficient-Bez dovoljno podataka).

A small fish with a large mouth. The back is of brownish coloration with mottling or bar-ring, while the belly is pale. It feed on small bottom-dwelling invertebrates such as insect larvae and crustaceans, eggs and larvae of other fish. It occurs in freshwater streams, rivers and lakes with hard stony substrates. The UICN’s Category of Threat lists it as DD-(Data Deficient) species.

RIBE

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Tijelo joj je glatko, obično svjetlo-zeleno, sivo-zeleno ili mrko. Sa obje strane tijela pruža se jedna crna pruga koja polazi od nosnog otvora, prelazi preko oka i produžuje sa strane trupa do osnove zadnje noge. U doba ljetnje suše one se naročito čuju pred kišu, sa karakterističnim kreketanjem što je u narodu stvorilo vjerovanje da ova žaba predskazuje kišu. Živi u vlažnim šumama blizu vode, žbunastim područjima, barama, močvaranim livadama. Po IUCN kategorizaciji smještena je u VU kategoriju. U Crnoj Gori se nalazi na spisku Zaštićenih biljnih i životinjskih vrsta. Its body is sleek, usually light green, grey-green or dark. A dark stripe runs along the flanks, from the nostrils, over the eye to the hind leg. During summer droughts they give out characteristic croaking before rain, which created a popular belief that this frog predicts rain. It lives in dump forests near water, scrublands, ponds, marshy meadows. The IUNC’s categorization lists it as VU species. In Montenegro, it appears on the List of protected plant and animal species.

GMIZAVCI I VODOZEMCI

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Dostiže dužinu od 1-1,5 m. Tijelo joj je debelo, sa strane spljošteno. Boja gornje strane joj je pepeljasto siva, sivo-zelena ili sivo-maslinasta, obično sa malim crnim mrljama. Donja strana je bijela sa crnim mrljama. Vrlo je brza, vješto pliva i roni, može dugo izdržati pod vodom. Pretežno se hrani žabama i ribama. Najčešće boravi uz manje mirne vode lokve, kanale, bare, jezera. U Crnoj Gori se nalazi na spisku Zaštićenih biljnih i životinjskih vrsta.

GMIZAVCI I VODOZEMCI

It grows to 1-1.5 m in size. Its body is stout, flattened on the sides. The dorsal coloration is ash grey, grey-green or grey-olive, usually black-spotted. The underside is white, black-spotted. It is quite fast, skilled swimmer and diver, and can remain long underwa-ter. It feeds on frogs and fish. It occurs near smaller still waters, ponds, channels, pools, lakes. In Montenegro, it appears on the List of protected plant and animal species.

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Obično ima dužinu od 8-12 cm.Mužjaci su nešto manji i tanji od ženki. Gornja strana tijela im je plava, tamno-siva ili svjetlo-mrka sa tamnim mrljama sa strane. Ženke su nešto svjetlije. Stomak je narandžast ili crven bez mrlja, ali može biti i žut, zavisno od ishrane. Živi u mirnim vodame brdskih i planinskih oblasti. Po IUCN je u kategoriju EN (Endangered-Ugroženi) tj. suočava se sa velikom vjerovatnoćom da će iščeznuti u prirodnim uslovima u bliskoj budućnosti. U Crnoj Gori se nalazi na spisku Zaštićenih biljnih i životinjskih vrsta.

GMIZAVCI I VODOZEMCI

It measures 8-12 cm. The males are slightly smaller and thiner than the females. Dorsal coloration is blue, dark grey or light black, with dark-spotted flanks. The females are lighter. The belly is orange or red without spots, but it can be yellow, depending on the diet. It lives in still waters of mountain and alpine areas. The IUNC’s categorization lists it as EN (Endan-gered) species, i.e. it is facing a threat of extinction in the wild in near future. In Montenegro, it appears on the List of protected plant and animal species.

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GMIZAVCI I VODOZEMCI

Imaju zdepastu figuru i kratke noge. Koža im je suva, zadebljala i bradavičasta. Iza očiju, Bufo vrste imaju parotidne žlijezde iz kojih luče gustu, bijelu otrovnu supstancu. Mogu naduvati svoje tijelo kada su ugrožene kako bi izgledale veće i opasnije. Mužjaci su obično manji od ženki. Hrani se insektima, puževima golaćima, glistama.Živi u stajaćim vodama, barama, jezerima, močvarama. Po IUCN kategorizaciji smještena je u VU kategoriju. U Crnoj Gori se nalazi na spisku Zaštićenih biljnih i životinjskih vrsta.

They have a stocky body and short limbs. The skin is dry, thickened and covered in warts. Behind the eyes, Bufo species have parotid glands, which secrete thick, white poisonous substance. They can puff up their body when threatened so as to look larger and more dangerous. The males are usually smaller than the females. It feeds on insects, slugs, warms. It lives in stagnant waters, pools, lakes, swamps. The IUNC’s categorization lists it VU species. In Montenegro, it appears on the List of protected plant and animal species.

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Naša najveća zmija -neotrovnica. Može narasti i preko 2 m. Boja tijela je jednolična, odozgo mrka, tamna, a donja je obično sasvim žuta ili svjetlo-žuta sa tamnim mrljama. Pojedine krljušti su ukrašene po jednom bijelom uzdužnom crtom, koje jasno padaju u oči na tamnoj podlozi. Pozadi glave nalazi se kod mnogih primjeraka sa obje strane po jedna poprečna žuta mrlja. Ova zmija često naginje albinizmu.Hrani se miševima, gušterima, i mladim pticama, kao i njihovim jajima. Nalazimo ga po rijetkim listopadnim šumama i šumarcima. Po IUCN kategorizaciji smještena je u VU kategoriju.

Our largest non-venomous snake. It can grow over 2 m in size. Its coloration is uniform, dark above, and yellow or light yellow, dark- spotted below. Some scales have a white stripe, quite noticeable on the dark background. Many individuals have two transverse yellow spots at the back of the head. The snake tends to be albino. It feeds on mice, lizardss, young birds and their eggs. It occurs in sparse deciduous forest. By IUNC categorization, it is listed as VU category.

GMIZAVCI I VODOZEMCI

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Valjkastog je oblika, male glave, nejasno odvojene od repa. Gornja strana je olovno sive boje ili sivo-mrka, sa po jednom tamnom prugom sa strana. Donja strana je svjetlija, sa plavo-crnim mrljama. Dostižu dužinu do 40-50 cm. Rep mu je vrlo krt i lomljiv, a kada se odstrani, ne regeneriše se kao kod običnih guštera, nego se na ranjenom mjestu obrazuje jedan kupasti vrh. Hrani se glistama i puževima golaćima. Živi u šumama, na livadama, u žbunju, na visokim planinama. Nalazimo ga ispod kamenja, kore drveća, u rupama u zemlji. U Crnoj Gori se nalazi na spisku Zaštićenih biljnih i životinjskih vrsta.nalazi na spisku Zaštićenih biljnih i životinjskih vrsta.

It has a cylindrical body and a small head not clearly separated from the tail. The dorsal col-oration is lead grey or grey-dark, with a dark stripe along the flanks. The underside is lighter, with blue-black spots. It grows to 40-50 cm in size. The tail is brittle and fragile and unlike in common lizards it does not regenerate when severed. Instead, a conical tip is formed. It feeds on rain worms and slugs. It occurs under rocks, under tree bark, in holes in the ground. In Montenegro, it appears on the List of protected plant and animal species.

GMIZAVCI I VODOZEMCI

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Ptica dobro znane veličine. Gnijezdi na drveću, u žbunju i u građevinama. Ima 2-3 legla sa 3-6 jaja, mladi su čučavci. Hrani se kišnim glistama, insektima i plodovima. Spada u stanarice. Prezimljava u šumama, naseljima, parkovima.

A bird of well-known size. It nests in trees, shrubs and buildings. It has 2-3 nests with 3-6 eggs, with the young squatting. It feeds on rain warms, insects and fruits. It belongs to non-migratory birds. It lives in forests, settlements, parks.

PTICE

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Sivosmeđa ptica pjevačica, sa tačkastim leđima, debelim stopalima i nogama. Veličine je vrapca. Hrani se insektima, paucima, puževima, sjemenkama. Nastanjuju visoke planinske livade i kamenite padine. Gnijezde ljeti na većim nadmorskim visinama, a zimi se spušta u nižim dolinama.Grade gnijezda u obliku čaše od mahovine, stabljika trava, finog korijenja u rupama kamenih pukotina na zemlji. Po IUCN kategorizaciji je u Lr- cd. U Crnoj Gori se nalazi na spisku Zaštićenih biljnih i životinjskih vrsta.

A songbird, with streaked brownish grey back and stout feet and legs. It is the size of a sparrow. It feeds on insects, spiders, snails, seeds. It inhabits high alpine meadows and rocky slopes. It nests in summer at high altitudes, while in winters it descends to lower valleys. It builds a cup-shaped nest of moss, grass stalks, and fine roots in holes and rocky clefts on the ground. The UICN’s Category of Threat lists it as Lr-cd species. In Montenegro, it appears on the List of protected plant and animal species.

PTICE

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Sniježna zeba je zdepasta ptica, veličine vrapca, braon boje sa sivom glavom. Kljun joj je crn ljeti, a zimi postaje žut. Ptica je pjevačica. Hrani se sjemenkama, bobicama i insektima. Gnijezdi na golim planinama, obično iznad 1500 m. na drveću, u pukotinama ili glodarskim jazbinama. Po IUCN je u kategoriji Lr- cd. U Crnoj Gori se nalazi na spisku Zaštićenih biljnih i životinjskih vrsta.

A stocky bird, the size of a sparrow, with brown plumage and a grey head. In summer, the bill is black, while in winter it becomes yellow. It is a songbird. It feeds on seeds, berries and insects. It nests on bare mountains, typically above 1500 m, in trees, crevices or rodent burrows. Under IUNC categorization, it is listed as Lr-cd species. In Montenegro, it appears on the List of protected plant and animal species.

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Mali, riđi soko, dugih i uskih krila i dugog repa. Mužjak ima sivu glavu, plavetno sivi zadnji dio i rep, a ženka braon glavu i braonkasto-crveni rep. Hrani se malim sisarima i pticama, gmizavcima, insektima. Gnijezde se u rupama drveća ili napuštenim gnijezdima drugih ptica, pogotovo svrake i vrane. Na IUCN-ovoj listi je u kategoriji: Lr: lc- Lower risk (Last Concern-Poslednja briga, nisu zavisni od zaštite). Nalazi se na spisku CITES Konvencije (Apendix II). U Crnoj Gori se nalazi na spisku Zaštićenih biljnih i životinjskih vrsta..

A small reddish falcon, with long narrow wings and a long tail. In males, the head, rump and tail are bluish grey, whereas females have brown head and brownish red tail. It feeds on small mammals, birds, lizards, insects. It nests in holes in trees or in the aban-doned nests of other birds, especially magpies and crows. The IUNC’s categorization lists it Lr-lc (Lower Risk; Last Concern) species. It appears in the CITES Convention’s appendix II and on Montenegrin List of protected plant and animal species.

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Krupna grbljivica, moćnog kljuna i snažnih kandži. Jedan par ima više gnijezda koja mijenja tokom godine. Hrani se zečevima, većim sisarima, pticama i strvinom. Naseljava otvorena staništa sa rijetkim stablima i žbunjem. Gnijezdi na liticama. Po IUCN-u smješten je u kategoriju Lr-cd (Lower risk)-niska vjerovatnoća opasnosti, (Conservation Dependent-zavisni od zaštite).Nalazi se na spisku CITES Konvencije (Apendix II). U Crnoj Gori nalazi se na spisku Zaštićenih biljnih i životinjskih vrsta.

A large predatory bird, with a powerful beak and strong claws. One pair has several nests, which they change during a year. It feeds on hares, bigger mammals, birds and carrion. It occurs in open habitats with scarce trees and shrubs. It nests on cliffs. The IUNC’s categorization lists it as Lr-cd (Lower Risk - Conservation Dependent) species. It appears in the CITES Convention’s appendix II and on Montenegrin List of protected plant and animal species.

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Ptica veličine domaće guske. Ženka je riđe boje, dok je mužjak nešto tamniji . Hrani se sjemenkama, plodovima, smrekovim iglicama, insektima. Gnjezdarica je visokih planina. Po IUCN je u kategoriji EN-(Endangered-ugroženi) tj. suočava se sa vrlo visokom vjerovatnoćom da će iščeznuti u prirodnim uslovima u bliskoj budućnosti. U Crnoj Gori se nalazi na spisku Zaštićenih biljnih i životinjskih vrsta.

It is the size of a domestic goose. The females are reddish, while the males are slightly darker. It feeds on seeds, fruits, juniper bush needles, insects. It nests in high moun-tains. By IUCN’s Category of threat, it is listed as EN (Endangered) species, i.e. it is facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild in near future. In Montenegro, it appears on the List of protected plant and animal species.

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It is a small animal. The length of its head and body is 60-75 mm. The tail is as long as the head and body combined. It is grey to blackish above, slightly lighter on the under-side. Its tail is bicoloured, dark above and white below. It inhabits beech and montane coniferous forests, especially near water. Under IUCN’s Category of Threat, it is listed as LR-nt species.

Sićušna životinjica, dužina glave i tijela 60-75 mm. Rep joj je dug koliko i glava i tijelo skupa. Sive je do crnkaste boje, blago svjetlije na donjoj strani strani. Rep je dvobojan, odozgo crn, a ispod bijel. Nastanjuje bukove i planinske četinarske šume, naročito blizu vode. Po IUCN kategorizaciji svrstana je u kategoriju: LR-nt.

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Životinjica duga 15 cm, prekrivena crnim krznom, sa sićušnim očima, rozom njuškicom i velikim stopalima sa dugim kandžama. Hrani se insektima i crvima. Žive do 3 godine. Nastanjuje podzemne tunele i jazbine u šumama i na livadama. Po IUCN kategorizaciji svrstana je u kategoriju LR-nt.

It measures 15 cm in length, and is covered with black fur. It has small eyes, a pink snout and big feet with large claws. It feeds on insects and worms. Its life span is about 3 years. It inhabits underground corridors and dens in forests and meadows. By IUCN’s Category of Threat, it is listed as LR/nt species.

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It is light brown above, with paler belly. Around the neck and on the chest the fur is yel-lowish. Its tail is longer than the body. It has big eyes, long ears and large feet. It weighs about 20-42 g. It feeds on vegetation, seeds, fruits and insects. It lives about 18 months. It builds nests high in the treetops in deciduous, mixed, and coniferous forests. Under IUCN’s Category of Threat, it is listed as LR-nt species.

Ima svjetlo braon krzno sa bleđim trbuhom. Oko vrata i na grudima krzno mu je žućkasto Rep mu je duži od tijela, oči velike, uši i stopala dugi . Teški su oko 20-42 g. Hrani se rastinjem, sjemenjem i plodovima, kao i insektima. Živi 18 mjeseci. Prave gni-jezda visoko u drveću u listopadnim, mješovitim kao i četinarskim šumama. Po IUCN-u je u kategoriju LR-nt.

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The largest representative of this order, weighing between 65-250 g. It has distinct, large eyes framed with black rings. Its back and long bushy tail is silvery-grey. It feeds on fruits, seeds, mushrooms and insects. It also gnaws at young tress. It lives for about 5 years. It lives in smaller underground burrows in deciduous and mixed forests. The IUCN’s Category of Threat lists it as LR-nt species.

Ovo je najkrupniji predstavnik ovog reda, težak oko 65-250 g. Ima izrazite, velike oči, koje su oivčene crnim krugovima. Leđa su mu srebrno siva, kao i rep koji je dug i kitnjast. Hrani se plodovima i sjemenjem biljaka, gljivama kao i insektima. Glođe i mlado drveće. Živi oko 5 godina. Živi u manjim podzemnim jamama, u listopadnim i mješovitim šumama. Nalazi se u kategoriji LR-nt po IUCN-u.

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Its fur in the colour of soil with darker and lighter stripes is well adapted to the surround-ings. The belly is white. It weighs up to 4-6 kg. It lives about 12 years. It feeds solely on plant food, i.e. grass, cereals, field and forest fruits, buds, shoots, young bark. It lives in mixed forests, meadows, pastures. The IUNC’s categorization lists it as LR-cd category.

Boja zemlje sa tamnijim i svijetlijim prugama krzna zeca je izuzetno dobro prilagođena okolini. Po trbuhu boja krzna je bijela. Može dostići težinu od 4-6 kg. Živi oko 12 godina. Hrani se isključivo hranom biljnog porijekla i to travama, žitaricama, plodovima polja i šume, pupoljcima, mladicama, mladom korom. Živi u mješovitim šumama, livadama, pašnjacima. Po IUCN je u kategoriju LR-cd.

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They are light red to black above and white below. They have long tufts of hair on their ears and long furry tail. They live about 7 years. They feed on conifer seeds, acorns and nuts; they peel the bark off conifers and lick the trees’ sap; also eat mushrooms, birds’ eggs. They store food supplies buried in the ground or hidden in the bark of trees. They live in hollows of large, old trees. The IUCN’s Category of Threat lists them as LR/nt species.

Boje su od svijetlo – crvene, do crne na glavi i leđima, dok im je stomak bijel. Na ušima imaju duge pramenove dlake, a rep im je dug i krznen. Žive do 7 godina. Hrane se sjemenkama četinara, žirevima i orasima, gule koru četinara i ližu biljni sok, jedu pečurke, jaja ptica. Zalihe hrane čuvaju zakopane u zemlji ili skrivene u udubljenjima u kori drveta. Žive u dupljama velikih, starih stabala. Po IUCN – ovoj kategorizaciji je sa oznakom LR-nt.

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It is a squat, rounded, five-toed animal, weighing up to 1.5 kg. It lives for about 6 years. It occurs in open forests and grasslands, cultivated land, bushy areas, sand drifts. Under IUCN’s /the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources / Category of Threat, it is listed as LR-nt (LOWER RISK – Near Threatened) species.

Zdepasta, okruglasta, petoprsta životinja koja dostiže težinu do1,5 kg. Živi do 6 godina.Nastanjuje otvorene šume i zatravljene ravnice, kultivisano zemljište, žbunje, pješčane nanose. Po IUCN (Međunarodna Unija za zaštitu prirode) kategorizaciji ugroženosti vrsta svrstan je u kategoriju: LR-nt (LOWER RISK-Niska vjerovatnoća opasnosti- Near Threatened-skoro ugroženi).

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Tijelo im je zdepasto, sa kratkim crnim nogama. Krzno je na leđima prljavo-smeđe boje, a na trbuhu svijetlije. Ima uzdužne crno-bijele pruge na glavi. Dostiže težinu do 25 kg. Živi do 12 godina. Jazavac je svaštožder,a hrani se korijenjem, šumskim plodovima, kukuruzom, zečevima, miševima, insektima. Nastanjuju mješovite šume ravnica i sred-nje brdovite terene, gdje prave sistem jazbina, koje kopa najčešće na rubovima šuma i poljana. Po IUCN je u kategoriju LR-nt.

It has a stocky body, with short black legs. The fur is brownish above, lighter below. Its head is black-and-white striped. It weighs about 25 kg and lives for 12 years. Being omnivorous feeds on roots, fruits, corn, hares, mice, insects. It occurs in mixed forests in plains and upland areas. It builds a system of burrows, usually at the edges of forests and fields. Under IUCN’s Category of Threat, it is listed as LR-nt species.

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Tijelo im je dugo i tanko, sa dugim vratom, pljosnatom uskom glavom i kratkim noga-ma. Imaju velike okrugle crne oči i uši. Boja krzna je čokoladno braon na leđima, a na donjim djelovima, bijela sa braon tačkama. Teške su oko 35-170 g. Žive oko 3 godine. Hrane se sitnim glodarima, pticama i njihovim jajima. Nastanjuju otvorene šume, livade, prerije, stepe i polu-pustinje. Svrstane su u kategoriju niskog rizika.

Its body is long and slender, with a long neck, flattened narrow head and short legs. It has big, round black eyes and large ears. Its fur is chocolate brown above and white, brown-spotted below. It weighs about 35-170 g. It lives for about 3 years. It feeds on smaller rodents, birds and birds’ eggs. It occurs in open forests, meadows, prairies, steppes and semi-deserts. It is listed as a Law risk category.

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Ima vitko tijelo, kratke noge i spljošteni oblik glave. U gornjem dijelu i po nogama dlaka im je tamnomrke boje dok je po trbuhu svijetlija. Pod vratom i prema prednjim nogama je zlatnožuta, po čemu su i dobili ime. Dostiže težinu do 1,8 kg. Živi do 15 godina. Hrani se zečevima, miševima, vjevericama, pticama i njihovim jajima. Živi u dupljama drveća ili pukotinama stijena. Nalazi se na IUCN-ovoj Crvenoj listi ugroženih vrsta kičmenjaka i svrstana je u kategoriju V-(Vulnerable)- ranjiva vrsta.

It has a slender body, short legs and flattened head. The fur is dark brown above and on the legs, lighter on the underside. The neck and forelegs are golden yellow. It weighs up to 1.8 kg and lives for 15 years. It feeds on hares, rabbits, mice, squirrels, birds and their eggs. It lives in hollow trees or crevices of rocks. Under IUNC’s Red List of Threat-ened Species of Vertebrata, it is listed as V category.

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A long, slender animal with a cone-shaped tail and webbed feet on short legs. Its underfur is dense, remaining dry in water, and the guard hairs are long and reddish. An excellent swimmer, can remain up to 4 minutes underwater. Weighs about 6-17 kg and lives for 18 years. Feeds on fish, crabs, birds, smaller mammals. Inhabits rivers, lakes, streams, freshwater, peat swamp forests, liv-ing in underground dens, in cavities among tree roots. The IUNC’s Red List of Threatened Species of Vertebrata lists it as V (vulnerable) category. It appears in the CITES Convention’s appendix II and Montenegrin List of protected plant and animal species. category.

Duga i vitka životinja sa stožastim repom. Noge su joj kratke, a između prstiju se nalazi tzv. plovna kožica. Podlaka im je gusta i ostaje suva i u vodi, dok je pokrovna dlaka duga i riđkasta. Odlični su plivači, pod vodom mogu da izdrže 4 minuta bez vazduha. Težina im se kreće od 6 do 17 kg. Žive do 18 godina. Hrani se ribama, rakovima, pticama, sitnim sisarima. Nastanjuju rijeke, jezera, potoke, slatke vode, tresetne močvarne šume. Živi u podzemnim jazbinama, u dupljama korijenja drveća. Nalazi se na IUCN-ovoj Crvenoj listi ugroženih vrsta kičmenjaka i svrstana je u kategoriju V-(Vulnerable)- ranjiva vrsta. Na spisku je apendixa II CITES Konvencije.U Crnoj Gori se nalazi na spisku Zaštićenih biljnih i životinjskih vrsta.

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Ima riđocrvenu boju krzna, dok su joj usnice, grlo, obrazi i trbuh bijeli. Rep je dužine oko 50 cm sa bijelim završetkom. Trouglaste, šiljate uši i prednje strane šapa su crne boje. Na šapama nogu nalaze se smrdljive žlijezde kojima obilježava svoj trag. Težina joj se kreće od 6-10 kg. Živi do 12 godina.Hrani se miševima, pticama, zečevima, kao i strvinama uginulih životinja. Živi u mješovitim šumama u podzemnim brlozima. Po IUCN-u je u kategoriji LR-nt.

It is reddish, with white muzzle, throat, cheeks and belly. The white-tipped tail is about 50 cm long. The pointed ears and fore sides of the paws are black. The paws have scent glands used for marking the trail. They weigh about 6-10 kg. They live about 12 years. They feed on mice, birds, hares, as well as on animal carrions. They live in mixed forests, in underground burrows. The IUCN’s Category of Threat lists it as LR-nt species.

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Dlaka im je gusta, sive boje sa karakterističnim crnim poprečnim prugama i uzdužnom tamnom prugom po leđima. Rep je valjkast, sa 8 crnih prstenova i crnim završetkom. Hodaju gotovo nečujno, a skaču u dužinu i do 15 puta od dužine svog tijela. Dostižu težinu i do 10 kg. Hrane se manjim životinjama i pticama. Žive oko 15 godina. Staništa su im duplje drveća, uglavnom u mješovitim šumama. Po IUCN-u je u kategoriji LR-nt. Nalazi se na spisku Apendixa II CITES Konvencije.

It has thick and characteristic black-striped grey fur with a dark stripe along the back. Its tapering, black-tipped tail has 8 dark rings. They walk almost inaudibly and can leap 15 times the length of their body. They weigh up to 10 kg. They feed on smaller animals and birds. They live about 15 years, in hollow trees of mixed forests. Under IUCN, it is listed as LR/nt category. It appears in the CITES Convention’s appendix II.

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It has a strong and slender body with a narrow chest and forelegs set close to each other. Its head is broad with raised ears and strong neck. The fur colour ranges from grey to tawny or sand colour. It weighs up to 50 kg. It lives in packs. When hunting, it can cover over 150 km a day. It hunts foxes, hares, smaller mammals and domestic livestock. It lives in mixed forests in deserted foxes’ burrows or bushes. The IUNC’s Red List of Threatened Species of Vertebrata lists it as V category. It appears in the CITES Convention’s appendix II.

Vuk ima snažno i vitko tijelo sa uskim prsima i usko postavljenim prednjim nogama. Glava mu je šira sa uzdignutim ušima i jakim vratom. Boja krzna varira od sive do sivožute i boje pijeska. Dostiže težinu do 50 kg. Živi u čoporima..Radi lova, na dan može preći i po150 km. Lovi srne, lisice, zečeve, male sisare, i domaće životinje. Živi u mješovitim šumama u napuštenim lisičijim jazbinama ili grmlju. Nalazi se na IUCN-ovoj Crvenoj listi ugroženih vrsta kičmenjaka i svrstan je u kategoriju V-(Vulnerable)- ranjiva vrsta. Na Spisku je Apendixa II CITES Konvencije.

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Its head, neck, trunk and legs are very strong. The eyeteeth are strong and sharp, while other teeth are blunt. It has thick dark fur. It can weigh over 300 kg. A bear is omnivo-rous. It inhabits vast wooded mountain areas. It lives solitary in burrows. The IUNC’s Red List of Threatened Species of Vertebrata lists it as V category. It appears in the CITES Convention’s appendix II. It can be hardly found in countries of Western Europe and this trend is likely to extend to our country, as well.

Glava, vrat, trup i noge su mu izuzetno snažne. Zubi su tupasti, osim očnjaka koji su oštri i jaki. Pokriven je gustom dlakom mrke, skoro crne boje. Može da bude težak i preko 300 kg. Medvjed je svaštojed. Naseljava prostrana planinska područja obrasla šumom.Živi samostalno u brlozima. Nalazi se na IUCN-ovoj Crvenoj listi ugroženih vrsta kičmenjaka i svrstan je u kategoriju V-(Vulnerable)- ranjiva vrsta. Na spisku je Apendixa II CITES Konvencije. Gotovo ga je nemoguće naći u razvijenim zemljama zapadne Evrope, a taj trend prijeti i našim krajevima.

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Zimi im je boja dlake tamnosiva, skoro crna, a ljeti žučkastocrvena. Glava je blijede boje, sa tamnom prugom oko očiju i gubice. Preko leđa proteže se tamnija pruga. Rogove imaju i mužjaci i ženke ali su kod mužjaka jači, duži i povijeniji. Rogovi rastu u obliku tulaca i to svake godine za određenu dužinu i nikada ne otpadaju. Žive do 20 godina. Preživar je i hrani se biljnom hranom. Naseljava planinske masive i tipičan je predstavnik stjenovitih planinskih predjela. Po IUCN kategorizaciji je pod oznakom VU (Vulnerable-ranjiva vrsta).

The coat dark grey in winter and yellowish-red in summer. The head is pale, with a dark patch around eyes and muzzle. A dark stripe runs along the back. Both males and females have horns, usually stronger, longer and more curved in the males. The horns grow curved backwards constantly each year and are never shed. It lives up to 20 years. Being ruminant, it feeds on vegetation. It inhabits mountain massifs and it is a typical representative of rocky mountain areas. The IUNC’s categorization lists it as VU species.

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The fur colour ranges from yellowish red in summer to grayish brown in winter. It has a white rump patch. Newly born fawns have spotted fur. The males have antlers, which are shed in autumn and replaced by new ones. They weigh up to 30 kg. Being rumi-nant, the roe deer feed on vegetation. They live on edges of mixed forests near wide meadows. Under IUNC’s categorization, it is listed as LR-cd (Lower Risk, Conservation Dependent) species.

Boja krzna varira od žućkasto-crvene u toku ljeta, a zimi dobija sivo-smeđu boju. Na zadnjici imaju bijelu fleku, tzv. ogledalo. Tek rođena lanad imaju na krznu pjege. Mužjak ima koštane rogove koje odbacuje u jesen nakon čega počinju rasti novi. Dostižu težinu i do 30 kg. Preživari su i isključivo se hrane biljkama.Žive na rubnim dijelovima mješovitih šuma uz široke livade. Nalazi se u kategoriju LR-cd (Lower risk-niska vjerovatnoća opasnosti, Conservation Dependent-zavisni od zaštite) po IUCN kategorizaciji.

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ISkladna i lijepa životinja sa dugom glavom i velikim koničastim ušima. Dlaka im je duga, ljeti tamno crvenkasta, a zimi sivo- crna. Zadnji dio trupa je bijel. Mužjaci na čelu imaju rogove čiji puni razvoj dostižu oko 10 godine života. Težina im se kreće od 150-250 kg. Žive 15-20 godina. Hrane se travom, sjemnjem , plodovima, korom drveća. Nastanjuju otvorene šumarke u mješovitim, bukovo-četinarskim šumama. Svrstani su u kategoriju V –ranjiva vrsta.

A shapely and beautiful animal with a long head, and large conical ears. It has long hair, dark red in summer and grayish black in winter. The rump is white. The males have ant-lers which reach full size when 10 years old. It weighs about 150-250 kg and lives about 15-20 years. It feeds on grass, seeds, fruits, trees’ bark. It occurs in open woodlands and mixed beech and conifer forests. It is listed as V category.

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Izdavač: Natura, Kolašin i NP Biogradska gora, KolašinDonator: Rockefeller Brothers FundAutorka brošure: Mr Čeda Ivanović, viši kustos u zbirci sisara Prirodnjačkog muzeja Crne Gore Fotografije: korišćeni su različiti izvoriDizajn i priprema za štampu: EXPEDITIOPrevod: Vesna LekovićTiraž: 1000Štampa: STYLOS, 2007.

Publisher: Natura, Kolašin and NP Biogradska gora, Kolašin Donor: Rockefeller Brothers FundAuthor of the brochure: M. Sc. Ceda Ivanovic, a mammal collection senior custodian in the Natural History Museum of Montenegro Photographs: from various sources Design and pre-press: EXPEDITIOTranslation: Vesna LekovicCirculation: 1000 copiesPrinting: STYLOS, 2007

Projekat NVO Natura „Centar za promociju održivog razvoja“ podržan od strane Rockefeller Brothers Fund ima za cilj očuvanje i unapređenje životne sredine kroz promociju održivog razvoja, a u prvom redu održivog turizma. Posebnu pažnju u svojim ak-tivnostima NVO Natura posvećuje Nacionalnom parku „Biograd-ska gora“ kao izuzetno važnom prirodnom rezervatu koji je jedna od tri preostale prašume u Evropi, a poslije Jeloustonskog parka najstarije zaštićeno područje na svijetu. Jedna od aktivnosti pro-jekta „Centar za promociju održivog razvoja“ je i štampa brošure „Fauna Nacionalnog parka Biogradska gora“ koja ima edukativno-promotivnu funkciju. Naredne aktivnosti NVO Natura u partnerstvu sa NP „Biogradska gora“ fokusiraće se na obnavljenje autohtonih životinjskih vrsta. Na realizaciji ovog projekta NVO Natura je ost-varila značajnu saradnju sa Prirodnjačkim muzejom Crne Gore i Zavodom za zaštitu prirode Crne Gore.

A project “Centre for sustainable development promotion” conducted by NGO Natura and funded by the Rockefeller Brothers Fund aims at pre-serving and enhancing environment through promoting sustainable devel-opment, primarily sustainable tourism. Special attention of the activities of NGO Natura is focused on the National Park “Bogradska gora” as an extremely important natural reserve, which represents one of the three re-maining primeval forests in Europe and the second oldest protected area in the world, after the Yellowstone National Park (USA). One of the activi-ties of the project “Centre for sustainable development promotion” aims at publishing a brochure “Fauna of the National Park Biogradska Gora” which has educative and promotional purpose. Further activities of NGO Natura to be conducted in partnership with the NP “Biogradska Gora” will focus on restoring autochthonous animal species. In this project, NGO Natura has had extensive cooperation with the Natural History Museum of Montenegro and the Institute for the Protection of Nature of Montenegro.