Facts about: NOX = NO + NO2

• An air pollutant – a brown reddish gas seen in smog• A by-product of combustion engines and high-

temperature boilers• NO2 contributes to the creation of acid rain• Has detrimental influence on health:

• Damage to lungs• Reduces body resistance to bacterial and viral diseases• Irritates lungs and eyes• Causes Pneumonia• Causes increased sensitivity in asthma patients

The January 2011 NOx environmental protection standard

• Boilers up to 6 ton steam – 700 mg/cm NOx

• Boilers over 6 tons steam – 350 mg/cm NOx

• Gas standars – 200 mg/cm NOx

Particles emission standard

• 50 mg/cm for any size installation

Main methods of treating NOx

1. Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)

2. Selective Non – Catalitic Reduction (SNCR)

3. Low Nox Burner (LNB)

LNB – Low NOx Burner• This method treats NOx created as a product of

combustion while using atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen• A method for combustion fuel in low temperature.• This method recycle the emission gases back into the

combustion chamber in order to reduce the combustion temperature

• The oxygen influencing the combustion is diluted thereby achieving:• A lower combustion temperature• Less oxygen is available for the creation of NOx

• Disadvantages: More fuel consumption, a more expensive system

“Chemical warfare” against NOxSNCR SCR

o System principles:– Injection of ammonia (NH3) or urea )NH2CONH2), into the

combustion chamber at a temperature window of 760-1093 ºC– The chemical reaction products: Water )H2O),

Nitrogen (N(2 and carbon dioxide (CO2)

o The chemical reaction with urea:H2O+ NH2CONH2 CO2 + 2NH3

4NO + 4NH3 + O2 4N2 + 6H2O

Selective Catalytic Reduction• A method of NOx reduction by 70-90%• For use in industry, diesel engines, large ships, gas

turbine and automobiles• Method of operation:• Ammonia or urea is injected into the gas• Gas + Gas combustion product pass though a ceramic

catalyst made of precious metals such as: Titanium oxide, Vanadium, Tungsten and others.

• The catalyst is porous and has a bee-hive or plat form. The pours increase the surface area of the catalyst which facilitates effective reduction of NOx level.

System structure SCR

Selective Non – Catalitic Reduction NoxAway

• A method in which diluted ammonia or urea is injected into the combustion chamber, at a point where the gas is at a temperature range between: 760-1093 ºC

• In the SNCR method a 50% reduction in NOx emission is achieved. While still complying with applicable standards

System structure SNCR NoxAway

12GE Energy

9 April 2008

Selective non-catalytic reduction consists of nitrogen agent injection

Technology involves the injection of a nitrogen agent (ammonia, urea, etc.) into the post-combustion flue gases.

At the proper temperature, the SNCR reagentselectively reduces NO to molecular nitrogen.

SNCR

MainFuel

Air

Advantages and disadvantages of both methods:

SCR• Disadvantages:• Requires a lot of room in the

plant.• A very expensive device• The catalyst is sensitive to

contamination an blockages that cause ammonia leaks and increased production of NOX

• Advantages:

• 70-90% effective in NOx reduction

SNCR- NoxAway / Markit• Disadvantages:

• Up to 50-60% effective in NOx reduction

• Advantages:• A cheap device• Simple installation• Compact• Made in Israel and with local service• Reduces also particles emission

System photos

Nozzle installed in the steam boiler

The system installed on two boilers at Yafora Rehovot

Locations where Markit’s NSCR NoxAway system is installed

• Yafora-Tavori juice industries, Rehovot (two devices)• Taro Pharmaceutical industries – Haifa• T.G.L - Yokneam• Teva-Tech – Ramat Hovav (two devices)• Agan Chemicals – Ashdod (5 devices)• And more…..