Factors leading to the Factors leading to the Growth of IndustryGrowth of Industry

Connections and TechnologyConnections and Technology

First Turnpike- 1790 Lancaster, PA

First Turnpike- 1790 Lancaster, PA

By 1832, nearly 2400 mi. of road connected most major cities.

Cumberland (National Cumberland (National Road), 1811Road), 1811

Cumberland (National Cumberland (National Road), 1811Road), 1811

Erie Canal SystemErie Canal SystemErie Canal SystemErie Canal System

Erie Canal, 1820sErie Canal, 1820s

Begun in 1817; completed in 1825Begun in 1817; completed in 1825

Robert Fulton & the Steamboat

Robert Fulton & the Steamboat

1807: The 1807: The ClermontClermont

Principal Canals in 1840Principal Canals in 1840

Inland Freight RatesInland Freight Rates

The “Iron Horse” Wins! (1830)The “Iron Horse” Wins! (1830)

1830 1830 13 miles of track built by Baltimore & 13 miles of track built by Baltimore & Ohio RROhio RR

By 1850 By 1850 9000 mi. of RR track [1860 9000 mi. of RR track [1860 31,000 31,000 mi.]mi.]

Clipper ShipsClipper Ships

TheRailroad

Revolution,1850s

TheRailroad

Revolution,1850s

The Railroad

*1st Transcontinental Railroad (1869)5 more transcontinental lines by 1900130,000 miles of lines

Consolidation

Railroad companies joined together to form larger companiesA few very wealthy individuals controlled the industry. The Railroad Barons

C. VanderbiltL. StanfordC. HuntingtonJ. Hill

Railroad Improvements

• Standardized Tracks– known as Standard

Gauge – Made all the tracks

the same size so that rail lines could be connected throughout the country

• Air Brakes

• Refrigerated Rail Cars

• Pullman Luxury Rail Cars– Sleeping Cars– Dining Cars

Railroad Improvements

Railroad Improvements

• Led to the creation of standard time zones

Impact on Industry and the Economy

• Brought raw materials from the West to Factories in the East– Iron ore– Coal– Timber– Gold, Silver, Copper

Impact on Industry and the Impact on Industry and the EconomyEconomy

• Brought goods to be sold in the markets

Impact on Industry and the Impact on Industry and the EconomyEconomy

• Growth of industries that supplied the railroad companies with materials– Coal Industry – Steel Industry – Lumber

Impact on Industry and the Impact on Industry and the EconomyEconomy

• Provided Jobs– Need for tracks– Railroad workers

LandLandExploitation of Natural ResourcesExploitation of Natural Resources

• Iron Ore– Necessary for Making

Steel– Bessemer Process

made steel cheaper to produce so it could be more easily used

– Uses:• Railroad• Machinery• Barbed wire• Food Packaging (cans)• Bridges• Buildings (Skyscrapers)

LandLandExploitation of Natural ResourcesExploitation of Natural Resources

• Coal– Used to power

trains and factories

– Was used to heat homes

LandLandExploitation of Natural ResourcesExploitation of Natural Resources

OilEdwin Drake developed a process for drilling oil from the ground

• Crude Oil is refined and used in other products– Heating Oil– Gasoline– Kerosene for Lamps

LandLandExploitation of Natural ResourcesExploitation of Natural Resources

LandLandExploitation of Natural ResourcesExploitation of Natural Resources

• Lumber

LandLandExploitation of Natural ResourcesExploitation of Natural Resources

• Mining of Gold and Silver provided wealth for people to invest in business

Technological Innovations Technological Innovations Inventors and InventionsInventors and Inventions

• Thousands of Inventions in the 19th century helped to mechanize and improve manufacturing

• America moved from water and steam power to internal combustion engines and electricity

Technological Innovations Technological Innovations Inventors and InventionsInventors and Inventions

• Patents- – provides an inventor

with the exclusive right to manufacture the invented item

• Inventor can also sell the right to manufacture the item to someone else

• Gives an inventor an incentive to come up with a new invention

Alexander Graham BellAlexander Graham BellAlexander Graham BellAlexander Graham Bell

Telephone (1876)Telephone (1876)

Henry BessemerHenry Bessemer

• Henry Bessemer– English

businessman

• William Kelly– Kentucky

businessman

– Developed new way of making steel: The Bessemer Process

Melt iron, add carbon, remove

impurities

George PullmanGeorge Pullman

• Luxury Railroad

Thomas Alva EdisonThomas Alva EdisonThomas Alva EdisonThomas Alva Edison

“Wizard of Menlo Park” – had more than 1000 patents

“Wizard of Menlo Park” – had more than 1000 patents

The Light BulbThe Light BulbThe Light BulbThe Light Bulb

The Phonograph The Phonograph (1877)(1877)

The Phonograph The Phonograph (1877)(1877)

The Motion Picture The Motion Picture CameraCamera

The Motion Picture The Motion Picture CameraCamera

Thaddeus LoweThaddeus Lowe

• Refrigerated Rail Cars

The AirplaneThe AirplaneThe AirplaneThe Airplane

Wilbur Wright Orville Wright Wilbur Wright Orville Wright

Kitty Hawk, NC – December 7, 1903 Kitty Hawk, NC – December 7, 1903

Sholes, Glidden, and Sholes, Glidden, and SouleSoule

• Typewriter

George EastmanGeorge Eastman

• Camera