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Facilitating safety and health research in the South African mining industry

Chairperson (012) 317 9158Research Manager: (011) 358 9180Telefax: (011) 403 1821Address: P Bag X 63

Braamfontein 2017E- mail: [email protected]

17 April 2000

The Chairperson and Members

Mine Health and Safety Council

Enclosed please find documents that have been prepared in response to Decision 47/99 arising fromthe Minutes of the November Meeting of the Mine Health and Safety Council, and in accordance withSection 44 (4) of the Mine Health and Safety Act.

! Circular 9/2000: SIMPROSS business plan for the period April 2000 to April 2002

! Circular 10/2000: SIMRAC annual research programme

! Circular 12/2000: SIMRAC Annual Report for 1998 (including the latest financial statements)

These circulars have been considered at the MHSC Convenors meeting on 12 April 2000 and theircomments have been incorporated into the relevant documents. Members are requested to peruse thedocuments with a view to provide guidance on the long term research programme and budget for thefollowing years, noting that Convenors have approved the annual programme and budget for April2000 to April 2001 on behalf of the Council.

Regards,

H Motaung

Chairperson: SIMRAC

MHSC Circular 10/2000

Safety in Mines Research Advisory Committee

Annual health and safety research programmefor the period

April 2000 to April 2001

Submission to the Mine Health and Safety Council

April 2000

SIMRAC Mission Statement

To manage research processes and programmes aimed at improving

the occupational health and safety of workers in the South African

mining industry; to ensure that activities are initiated, co-ordinated,

monitored and executed in a systematic and structured manner; to

maintain an equitable framework of State-Employer-Employee

representation in the pursuance of consensus -based objectives and to

advise the Mine Health and Safety Council on matters as required by the

Mine Health and Safety Act (Act no. 29 of 1996)

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Executive summaryA review of safety performance indicates that the South African mining industry has shownconsistent improvement during the past 16 years. The gold, platinum, coal and other miningsectors, have shown improved fatality and injury rates during the past three years. Eight maincontributors to fatalities and injuries are identified and analysed for each sector. Rockfalls,transport, material handling and falling accidents, represent the most significant contributors.Explosions, fires and rockbursts represent the main causes of multiple fatality accidents, thefrequency of which has decreased from an average of 10 incidents per annum to one incident in1999. It is not possible to fully assess occupational health of mine workers due touncoordinated and inconsistent recording and reporting and the lack of measurement criteriaand performance indicators in the mining industry and statutory institutions. SIMRAC has takensteps to assist in the rectification of this situation.

Twenty-three topics were gazetted in 1999. In response, 51 proposals were solicited and 40unsolicited proposals were received. Evaluation and prioritisation of new proposals resulted inthe recommendation of 46 new projects and continuation of 10 projects in progress. A formal,structured adjudication approach and schedule has been instituted to facilitate proposalevaluations by expert panels, subcommittees and an ethics committee, for ratification bySIMRAC.

Critical areas that address significant risks were identified and prioritised within strategic effortmatrices to ensure focussed resource allocation and needs-based research. Integration ofdifferent sectors into significant generic risk areas resulted in the formulation of three functional-based 3-year research plans, namely, rock engineering, occupational health and engineering.The formulation of a comprehensive long-term research strategy, that aims to focus on sinificantresearch thrusts, is currently in progress.

The cost of the 2000 research programme for the different sectors amounts to R18,5 million(gold and platinum), R4 million (coal) and R6,7 million (generic, including health) and R0,65million for other mines. Total costs for 2000, amount to R38,6 million. The average total annualcost of the SIMRAC programme from 1994 to 2000, is R42,97 million.

The research programme for 1999 covered a 15 month period to due to the introduction of anew financial accounting cycle by the DME. A comparison of cost components for the 1999and 2000 programmes is presented in the Table below:

Year Projects Ad-hoccontingency

Programmeadministration

Annual Report &audits

TotalRm

1999(15-months)

54,35 0,75 3,28 0,08 58,46

1999(annualised)

43,48 0,75 3,28 0,08 47,59

2000 33,85 0,75 3,90 0,10 38,60

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PrefaceThis programme has been prepared in accordance with Section 44 (4) of the Mine Health andSafety Act, which refers to reporting in terms of mining sectors. There are currently 52 differentcommodities being mined of which three mining sectors (gold, coal and platinum) contributeapproximately 90 per cent towards the annual fatality and injury industry totals; the remainder ofthe commodities are grouped together as the other sector. These four sectors will be discussedas required by Section 45 (4a). It should be noted that the annual safety levy is raised for thefollowing groupings:

1. Gold and platinum mines

2. Coal mines

3. Mines other than (1) and (2)

4. Generic projects (based on the number of workers per sector and per mine)

5. Occupational health projects (based on the number of workers per sector and per mine)

Section 45 (4c) requires that the focus of health and safety research for mining sectors bereported. Research plans for the different mining sectors and generic research focus areashave been compiled (nine sets of plans). These plans have been integrated and reduced tothree generic risk-based focus areas, namely, occupational health, rock engineering andengineering and machinery, which is used to outline the focus of health and safety research inSection 3 of the report. This scheme should be viewed as an interim step towards theformulation of a more comprehensive strategy that complies with resolutions arisingfrom the Mine Health and Safety Council Summit.

A list of SIMRAC documents that were compiled during 1999, and which can be used tosupplement the information that is contained in this report, is given in Attachment 5.

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Arrangement of contentsPage

Glossary 41 Review of health and safety performance in the different mining sectors 5

1.1 Safety performance 51.2 Health performance 13

2 Evaluation of research proposals 203 Focus and priority of health and safety research 214 Estimated cost of the programme 28

Attachment 1 A comparison of safety performance figures for 1998 and 1999 31 Attachment 2 Graphs of contributors of fatalities and injuries in mining sectors 32 Attachment 3 A list of project proposal evaluations for 2000 36 Attachment 4 Project adjudication guidelines. 46 Attachment 5 A list of SIMRAC documents, guidelines and reports 49 Attachment 6 Levies for different commodities for 1999/2000 50

List of Figures Figure 1 Fatality and accident rates for the South African mining industry 6Figure 2 Long term average fatality and injury rates for different sector 7Figure 3 The annual fatality and injury rate for the gold mining sectors 8Figure 4 The annual fatality and injury rate for the coal mining sector 9Figure 5 The annual fatality and injury rate for the platinum mining sector 9Figure 6 The annual fatality and injury rate for the other mining sector 10Figure 7 Causes of multiple fatality incidents for different mining sectors 12Figure 8 The frequency of incidents resulting in 4 or more fatalities 12Figure 9 Long term trend of incidence rates for TB at autopsy 17Figure 10 The strategic effort matrix for SIMRAC 22Figure 11 The strategic effort matrix for SIMHEALTH 24Figure 12 The strategic effort matrix for Rock Engineering 25Figure 13 The strategic effort matrix for Engineering and Machinery 27Figure 14 Funding allocations to the various committees during the past seven years 28

List of Tables

Table 1 Accidents and fatalities in different mining sectors from 1988 to 1998 6Table 2 Details of disastrous incidents( >10 fatalities) in the South African mining 11

industry from 1984 to 1999Table 3 Average fatality and injury rates for significant contributors during the 13

past 10 years for different mining sectorsTable 4 Certification of annual cases for compensation by the MBOD 15Table 5 Compensation costs for various occupational diseases 15Table 6 Worker exposure to airborne pollutants for various commodities for 1999 16Table 7 Rates of silicosis diagnosed at autopsy 17Table 8 Incidence of fatality and injury rates for heat sickness in gold mines 18Table 9 Annual incidence rate for diving sickness 19Table 10 A summary of research proposals for 2000 20Table 11 Cost of the SIMRAC annual programme: April 2000 to April 2001 29

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GlossaryAcronyms

DME Department of Minerals and Energy

MANCOM SIMPROSS Management Committee

MHSC Mine Health and Safety Council

MOHAC Mining Occupational Health Advisory Committee

MRAC Mining Regulation Advisory Committee

SIMCOM Coal and Other (non-coal, gold and platinum mines) subcommittee

SIMENG SIMRAC Engineering and Machinery Expert Panel

SIMGAP Gold and platinum subcommittee

SIMHEALTH Occupational health subcommittee

SIMPROSS SIMRAC Project Support Services

SIMRAC Safety in Mines Research Advisory Committee

SIMROCK SIMRAC Rock Engineering Expert Panel

Terms and definitionsCouncilMeans the Mine Health and Safety Council established by section 41(1) of the Mine Health andSafety Act, 1996

HazardMeans a source of, or exposure to danger

HealthRefers to occupational health at mines

Health hazardMeans any physical, chemical or biological hazard to health including anything declared to be ahealth hazard by the Minister

MinesMeans any excavation and activity where mineral deposits are mined; all buildings, structures,machinery, dumps, roads or objects that are used during the winning, exploitation andprocessing of a mineral.

Occupational healthIncludes occupational hygiene and occupational medicine.

Occupational hygieneMeans the anticipation, recognition, evaluation and control of conditions at a mine, that maycause illness, or adverse health effects to persons.

Occupational medicineMeans the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of illness, injury and adverse health effectsassociated with a particular type of work.

MinisterMeans the Minister of Minerals and Energy

PartiesMeans the representatives from employers, employees and State

Reportable accident

Means an accident that results in a loss of 14 or more workdays per incident

RiskMeans the likelihood that occupational injury or harm to persons will occurSafetyMeans safety at mines

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1 Review of health and safety performance in thedifferent mining sectors

This section of the report discusses long term health and safety performance of four sectors inthe mining industry. The analysis is confined to fatality and injury performance andsupplemented with detailed analyses of the main hazards associated with health and safetyrelated incidents. There are currently 52 different commodities being mined of which threemining sectors, namely, gold, platinum and coal, contribute approximately 90 per cent towardsthe average annual fatality and injury industry totals. The other 49 commodities are groupedinto the other mining sector of which diamonds, chrome, clay, iron ore, granite (dimensionstone) and limestone represent the most significant contributors towards the average annualfatalities and injuries. Generic functional-based risks, namely, occupational health, rockengineering and engineering are common to all mining sectors and are used to supplement thesector-based information.

There have been some variations and changes in the database during the periods under reviewdue to the availability and format of the data. In order to ensure that meaningful comparisonsare considered, the time period under review for fatality and injury rates are reported forrelatively long periods, mostly 16-years. Hazard-based rates are reported for 8-year periodsand represent periods with adequate and comparable data.

Accident and fatality statistics for the South African mining industry have been kept by theChamber of Mines for its members since 1930. The manual record-keeping by the State wascomputerised in 1988 and replaced with a comprehensive reporting system that facilitatesdetailed analyses in terms of sectors and hazards. This has facilitated analyses of accident-related safety issues in the South African mining industry. This database (SAMRASS) containsno occupational health information.

Gold, platinum and coal mines account for just over 86 per cent of persons employed on SouthAfrican mines (Gold 51,7%; Platinum 21,0%; Coal 13,4%). In other mining sectors the numberof employees, fatalities and injuries is small and percentage improvement figures and rates areless useful, indicating large statistical fluctuations from year to year for relatively small changesin the number of fatalities and injuries. For example, the decrease in the number of fatalities inthe chrome mining sector from 2 in 1998 to 1 in 1999 represents a drop in the number offatalities of 50% and a drop in the fatality rate of 45.45% (1,3% of the mining workforce areemployed in the chrome mining sector). Similarly, the increase in the number of fatalities in thegranite/dimension stone sector, from 0 in 1998 to 2 in 1999 presents difficulties when usingrates. In these cases it is usually more useful to interpret safety performance data by comparingthe actual number of fatalities and injuries from year to year, rather than percentageimprovements or changes in rates.

Limited interpretation of health and safety information is presented within this Annual Report.Only obvious correlation and anomalies are noted, in accordance with the scope of the report.No attempt is made to compare health and safety performance of South African mines with thatof other countries; the variables and differences that are involved, such as ultra-deep mining,render the value of such a comparison questionable.

The safety performance figures for gold, platinum, coal and other mines are discussed next. Acomparison of safety performance figures for 1998 and 1999 are included as Attachment 1.

1 Safety PerformanceA summary of reportable accidents and fatalities for different mining sectors is detailed in

Table 1.

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Table 1

Accidents and fatalities in different mining sectors from 1988 to 1999

Fatalities InjuriesSector

Number % of total Number % of totalGold 4 525 75,1 77 928 84,8Coal 552 9,2 3 442 3,7Platinum 416 6,9 6 085 6,6Other 345 8,8 3 227 4,9

Total 6 026 91 867

The information in Table 1 does not take the number of workers in each sector into account. Inorder to assess and compare the annual safety performance within different sectors, thenumber of fatalities and accidents need to be normalised against the number of persons atwork, expressed as the rate (fatalities and injuries/1000 workers) in each mining sector duringthe period under review. Fatality and accident rates for the South African mining industry duringthe past 16 years is depicted in Figure 1

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

2

6

10

14

18

22

26

30

Fatality rate Injury rate

Figure 1 Annual fatality and injury rates for South African mines.

The arrow indicates the time of establishment of SIMRAC

Compared with figures for 1998, the fatality rate in the South African mining industry decreasedfrom 0,85 to 0, 77 in 1999 (51 fewer fatalities). This is 23,6% lower than the average fatality ratefor the previous 15 years, and represents an improvement of about 30% on that of the early1980’s. During the same period, the injury rate decreased from 14,12 to 13, 42 (571 fewerinjuries), which is 18,1 % lower than the average for the previous 15 years, and an improvementof more than 41 % over that of 16 years ago. The fatality and injury rates for the total miningindustry were at their lowest levels ever in 1999.

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A comparison of the average fatality rates for the different mining sectors during the past 12years is shown in Figure 2. Annual injury and fatality rates for different sectors are shown inFigure 3 to Figure 6.

1.16

0.48

0.610.65

21.1

7.3

4.85.9

Gold

Platin

um

Coal

Other

0

0.5

1

1.5

0

10

20

30

Fatality rate Injuriy rate

Figure 2 Long term average fatality and injury rates for different sectors

Fatality and accident rates for the South African gold mining industry during the past 16 years isdepicted in Figure 3.

Compared with figures for 1998, the fatality rate in the gold mining industry decreased from 1,08to 1,01 in 1999 (39 fewer fatalities). This is 12,8% lower than the average fatality rate for theprevious 15 years. During the same period, the injury rate increased from 19,87 to 19,89 (447fewer injuries), which is 5,7% lower than the average for the last 16 years. The peak in fatalityrate for the gold mining sector during 1986 can partly be attributed to a catastrophic accidentthat resulted in 177 fatalities; the rise in fatality rate during 1995 can be partly attributed to asingle incident that resulted in 104 fatalities.

From 1998 to 1999 the total number of accidents on South African gold mines decreased by429 (9,20%), the total number of fatalities decreased by 15,48%, and the total number ofreportable injuries decreased by 9,62%.

Fatality and accident rates for the South African coal mining industry during the past 16 years isdepicted in Figure 4. From 1998 to 1999 the total number of accidents on South African coalmines decreased by 57 (20,14%), the total number of fatalities decreased by 33,33%, and thetotal number of reportable injuries decreased by 18,82%.

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1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

10

15

20

25

30


Figure 3 The annual fatality and injury rate for the gold mining sector

Compared with figures for 1998, the fatality rate in coal mines decreased by 30,14%, from 0,73to 0,51 in 1999 (14 fewer fatalities). During the same period, the injury rate decreased by14,67%, from 4,43 to 3,78 (48 fewer injuries).

The anomalous peak the fatality rate for the coal mining sector during 1987 can be attributed totwo catastrophic accidents that resulted in 46 fatalities; the dramatic rise in fatality rate during1993 can be partly attributed to a single incident that resulted in 53 fatalities

Fatality and injury rates for the platinum sector, which is depicted in Figure 5, indicate that from1998 to 1999, the total number of accidents on South African platinum mines decreased by 21(2,57%), the total number of fatalities decreased by 11,36%, and the total number of reportableinjuries decreased by 2,42%. Compared with figures for 1998, the fatality rate decreased from0,54 to 0,45 in 1999 (5 fewer fatalities) and the injury rate decreased from 9,60 to 8,92 (19fewer injuries). There have been no multiple fatality incidents reported during the 12-yearreview period.

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1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

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1991

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1994

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1996

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0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

0

1

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8


Figure 4 Annual fatality and injury rate for the coal mining sector

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

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1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

0

2

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14

16


Figure 5 Fatality and injury accident rates for platinum mines

Fatality and injury accident rates for the South African ‘other’ mines sector during the past 16years is depicted in Figure 6. From 1998 to 1999 the total number of fatalities on other minesdecreased from 44 to 39 (11%) and the total number of reportable injuries decreased by 2,4%.

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Compared with figures for 1998, the fatality rate increased from to 0,52 to 0,63 in 1999 (7 morefatalities) and the injury rate decreased from 6,64 to 5,55 to (55 less injuries). There has beenone multiple fatality (20 workers) accident in 1996 reported in the other mining sector during the16-year review period.

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

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1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

0

0.2

0.4

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Fig 13

Figure 6 The annual fatality and injury rate for the ‘other’ mining sector

Multiple fatality incidentsSingular, isolated incidents that result in multiple fatalities on a particular mine, represent dataoutliers that may introduce significant deviations from the long term sectoral performance,especially for the smaller mining sectors. Table 2 is a list of incidents that resulted in 10 ormore fatalities during the past 16 years

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Table 2

Details of disastrous incidents( >10 fatalities) in the South African

mining industry from 1984 to 1999

YearNumber offatalities

Number ofinjuries

Type ofaccident

Miningsector Mine

1984 No disastrous incidents

1985 33 10 Explosion Coal Middelbult

17 20 Rockburst Gold ERPM

1986 10 4 Explosives Gold Deelkraal

177 0 Fire/gassing Gold Kinross

1987 62 5 Explosion Gold St.Helena

34 10 Explosion Coal Ermelo

12 4 Inundation Coal Coalbrook

1988 10 5 Conveyance Gold Harmony

1989 12 1 Fire Coal Sasol

10 13 Fire Gold Vaal Reefs

10 0 Inundation Gold Kloof

14 4 Rockburst Gold West Driefontein

1990 10 12 Explosives Gold President Steyn

21 17 Explosives Gold Vaal Reefs

12 5 Rockburst Gold West.Deep Levels

1992 10 1 Rockburst Gold West.Deep Levels

1993 53 0 Explosion Coal Middelbult

1994 11 1 Rockburst Gold Leeudoorn

16 1 Fire Coal Gloria

1995 104 0 Conveyance Gold Vaal Reefs

1996 10 1 Fall of ground Coal Tsikondeni

20 3 Inundation Diamonds Rovic

1997 10 15 Rockburst Gold Deelkraal

18 13 Rockburst Gold Hartebeestfontein

1998 No disastrous incidents

1999 19 2 Explosion Gold Mponeng

The information in Table 2 masks the significance of regularly occurring incidents that result infour or more fatalities. Rockbursts and fires in gold mines and explosions in coal minesrepresent the most regularly occurring types of incidents resulting in multiple fatalities. Figure 7depicts the causes of incidents that resulted in more than four fatalities for different miningsectors.

12

383

88

34

215

149

46

138

1228

4 624

Rockburs

t

Explo

sion

Inundat

ion

Fire

Conveya

nce

Explo

sive

s

0

100

200

300

400

500

Gold Coal Platinum Other

Figure 7 Causes of incidents that resulted in multiple fatalities

If it is assumed that the annual frequency of occurrence of incidents that result in four or morefatalities is relatively insensitive to the number of workers employed, the trend in frequency ofmultiple fatalities is decreasing (see Figure 8)

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Figure 8 The frequency of incidents resulting in 4 or more fatalities

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The information in Figure 1 to Figure 8 does not provide adequate detail to review the annualhealth and safety performance of the different mining sectors. In an effort to identify significanthazards that result in fatalities and injuries, 43 incident classifications from the South AfricanMines Accident Reporting Statistics System (SAMRASS), a database and reporting systemwhich is administrated by the DME, were used to identify the 8 most significant activity andhazard-based incidents. A summary of this information is represented in Table 3 and isdepicted in graphical format in Attachment 2.

Table 3

Average fatality (F) and injury (I) rates for the 8 most significanthazards during the past 10 years for different mining sectors. The 4most significant hazards are printed in bold font

Gold Coal Platinum OtherContributorF I F I F I F I

Rockfalls 0.38 4.9 0.27 0.89 0.18 1.8 0.16 0.41

Rockbursts 0.27 1.6 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.09 <0.01 <0.01

Locomotives 0.11 1.6 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.09 <0.01 <0.01

Falling into/from 0.07 1.8 0.02 0.51 0.05 0.70 0.07 1.18

Material handling 0.03 4.7 0.02 0.66 0.02 1.8 0.03 1.70

Inundation/gassing 0.08 0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.09 0.01 0.01

Scraper winches 0.02 1.0 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.09 <0.01 <0.01

Shaft conveyances 0.03 0.2 <0.01 <0.1 <0.01 <0.09 <0.01 <0.01

Machinery <0.02 <0.1 0.03 0.43 0.01 0.51 0.07 1.08

Transport & vehicles <0.02 <0.1 0.10 0.49 0.01 0.12 0.10 0.36

Explosions-gas/dust <0.02 <0.1 0.12 0.06 0.04 0.11 0.01 0.14

Electricity <0.02 <0.1 0.03 0.17 0.10 0.09 0.06 0.13

Explosives <0.02 <0.1 0.01 0.10 0.01 0.09 <0.01 <0.01

1.2 Health performance

Reliable health information for mineworkers is not readily available. Although selected data areavailable from mining companies, statutory institutions and the Compensation Commissioner,the varied format and lack of comprehensiveness renders the information unsuitable foraccurately assessing health performance. A further major problem with the limited, availabledata is the lack of suitable denominators to calculate either incidence or prevalence rates. ASIMRAC project to determine current and future occupational health and safety risk within thedifferent mining sectors, highlighted the difficulties in quantifying occupational hygiene andoccupational medicine risks.

When the SIMHEALTH committee was established in 1998, it commissioned the developmentof a medical surveillance database (SAMODD) to be managed by the Department of Mineralsand Energy. During December 1999, details of statutory annual reporting by mine owners ofmedical and exit certificates, were gazetted. With the establishment of this occupationaldiseases database and the compulsory submission of health status surveillance data, it ishoped that information on useful health effect indicators will improve in both quantity andquality. The quality and validity of the data collected depends on the method of submission. Ithas been demonstrated for example, that burden of disease measured among miners working

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underground, and expressed in terms of million man hours spent underground, is much lessthat the burden measured among all workers expressed in man years. This may well reflect awrong extent period and the chronic nature of occupational disease which presents in olderpersonnel who may no longer be working underground.

Health exposure measurement differs from safety or accident measurement and can be basedon either occupational hygiene or occupational medicine indicators. Unlike accidents, whichrepresent the current state of safety, occupational diseases are often reflective of conditions inthe past since there is a long latency or lag period between exposure and disease.Occupational diseases may become apparent only after miners have left the industry and anaccurate assessment of health performance cannot be based solely on currently employedworkers. In addition, diseases may be multifactorial in aetiology and hence may reflect factorsother than exposure in the mining industry.

Health indicators with which trends in health performance can be measured can be obtainedfrom:

! personal monitoring of the levels of exposure;

! biological exposure monitoring of the hazard absorbed by the body;

! biological effect monitoring of early non-adverse effects;

! disease monitoring of adverse effect (e.g. hearing impairment in workers exposed to noise or x-raychanges in workers exposed to silica dust) in current, ex and deceased mineworkers, and

! compensation statistics.

Trends in health performance can currently best be estimated by levels of exposure rather thanby burden of disease. The priority health hazards in the mining industry are well known andsome specific hazard or exposure surveillance programmes have been introduced. However, todate, the consequences or health effects of these hazards have not been continuously wellmonitored or documented, although South African practitioners have contributed significantly toworld knowledge about occupational diseases in the mining industry such as mesothelioma andpneumoconiosis.

Available morbidity and mortality data are neither comprehensive nor consistent andcompensation data under-represent the disease burden. Another challenge is to link exposureand effect data such that dose-response relationships can be determined. Disease extent andprevalence could then be used to assess the reliability of personal monitoring in measuringexposure.

Priority exposures which account for the majority of occupational morbidity and mortality are M.Tuberculosis (silica-tuberculosis), dust, noise and heat. Selected data on these exposures andthe health outcomes will be presented to illustrate the current situation.

1.2.1 Certification and compensation of occupational diseaseThe Medical Bureau for Occupational Diseases (MBOD) operates under the OccupationalDiseases in Mines and Works Act (Act 78 of 1973) as amended (Act 208 of 1993) and assessescases for certification for compensation. The Amendment in 1993 resulted in an increase ofassessments and the backlog was dealt with in 1997/8 which is reflected in Table 4. Thenumber of cases provide an impression of disease burden, but denominators are not availableto assess the prevalence or incidence rates (source: MBOD Annual Reports 1996, 1997, 1998).

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Table 4

Certification of annual cases for compensation by the MBOD

1996 1997 1998Cases Submitted Certified % Submitted Certified % Submitted Certified %

Living 8 136 2 414 30 17 212 4 102 24 24 276 6 562 27

Deceased 3 112 3 56 11 3 957 4 27 11 3 255 2 45 7,5

Total 11 248 2 770 25 21 169 4 529 21 27 531 6 807 25

Approximately a quarter of the cases submitted or resubmitted are certified for compensation.This proportion is far less for deceased miners than for live miners. The majority of the certifiedcases are pneumoconiosis (86 per cent), while Obstructive Airways Disease comprises 13 percent and Platinum Salt Sensitivity 1 per cent. Tuberculosis without concomitant otherrespiratory disease is not included in the certification statistics.

The costs of occupational disease provide an index of impact of occupational disease.Compensation costs for various occupational diseases, irrespective of the type of mineral minedduring the 6 month period from April 1999 to September 1999, are listed in Table 5.

Table 5

Compensation costs for various occupational diseases

Disease Compensation(R million)

Silicosis II 14, 64Silicosis I 11,63Asbestosis 6,14

Carcinoma 0,29Mesothelioma 0,22

Tuberculosis 4,36Obstructive Airways Disease 1,45Progressive Systemic Sclerosis 0,12Platinosis 0,03Total 38,9

(source: DME Annual Report 1999):

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1.2.2 Dust, Pneumoconiosis and Chronic Airways DiseaseCurrent dust measurements are not ideally suited for either control purposes or occupationalexposure assessment. However, conformance with maintaining levels below the occupationalexposure limit can be used as an occupational hygiene index of performance. The air qualityindex (AQI) is determined by dividing the dust measurement by the occupational exposure limitand should be no greater than unity. Table 6 reflects employee exposure to airborne pollutantsfor the period September 1998 to September 1999, as well as total compensation paid permineral commodity.

Table 6

Worker exposure to airborne pollutants for various commodities for 1999Information for 1998 is given in brackets

Commodity

Numberof

mines

Number ofworkers

employed

% of workersexposed to

AQI ≥≥≥≥1.0

CompensationPaid (R million)

Gold 50 252 926 4,92 (7,37) 49,11

Platinum 14 61 625 1,09 (0,80) 0,75

Coal 59 33 971 25,10 (34,3) 1,56

Asbestos 4 271 0,00 (0,00) 9,91

Other mines 161 48 116 5,65 (13,98) 3,84

TOTAL 288 396 909 6,14 65,19source: DME Annual Report 1998/9

The apparent improvement in conformance with dust exposure standards by a decrease in thepercentage of people exposed to an AQI >1 from 1998 to 1999 needs to be supported by longerterm surveillance.

1.2.3 TuberculosisTuberculosis is an infectious disease resulting from reactivation of or new infection by M.Tuberculosis. Tuberculosis associated with exposure to silica dust is a priority occupationaldisease in the mining industry. The incidence rates vary between mining sectors with goldminers being most at risk; more than 2 per cent of the workforce per year is likely to contracttuberculosis and the estimated mortality rate is 1,5 per 1000 workers per annum. This rate isapproximately 50 per cent higher than the current accident rate for gold mines and three timesthe accident rate for coal mines and highlights tuberculosis as a very important health indicatorin the mining industry. Research indicates that approximately 50 per cent of tuberculosis casesare caused by new infection; exposure to infectious cases of tuberculosis is therefore a majorhazard.

Until the late 1980s, the incidence of tuberculosis was gradually declining towards Nationalrates but, over the last decade, the steadily rising prevalence of HIV (Human ImmunodeficiencyVirus) infection has led to a doubling in new tuberculosis cases and an increased mortality. HIVis seriously challenging tuberculosis control in the mining industry. The introduction of specifictuberculosis control indicators, currently being investigated by the Chamber of Mines, will bevaluable to measure health performance of health services in the mining industry.

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During 1998 SIMRAC sponsored the upgrading of the PATHAUT database that is used torecord autopsy and occupational disease information. Information from this database was usedto analyse the number of tuberculosis and silicosis cases diagnosed at autopsy (See Figure 9and Table 7).

1975

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400

500

Figure 9 Long term trend of incidence rates for TB at autopsy

1.2.4 SilicosisThe overall rate of silicosis diagnosed at autopsy has remained much the same since 1975 (seeTable 7

Table 7

Rates of silicosis diagnosed at autopsy

Rate per 1000autopsies 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1998

Total 148 176 138 140 197 157

18

1.2.5 NoiseNoise induced hearing loss (NIHL) has been recognised as a major occupational health risk inthe South African mining industry. The present situation with regard to compensation of thisoccupational disease does not reflect the exposure or burden of disease, but is used to illustratethe severity of the risk. During the first nine months of 1998, more than 12 000 workersreceived more than R142 million in compensation for NIHL. During the next 12 months, endingin September 1999, approximately 6 000 workers received in excess of R72 million incompensation.Both the numbers of workers compensated and the amount awarded cannot be used to assessthe number of people affected, nor the extent of hearing loss, since the diagnosis andcompensation have been reviewed with different systems in place not allowing for comparisonat this point in time. Compensation for NIHL has been reviewed and revised methods forcalculating compensation will shortly be introduced. Thereafter, compensation statistics may bemore useful as an indicator for NIHL.

1.2.6 Heat disordersHeat and heat induced disorders are almost exclusively a problem of the gold mining sector.Statistics for the industry as a whole are therefore less useful than those for specific sectors.The potential for heat stroke in an unscreened population could be as high as 4,85 cases per1000 employees per year. The mortality and morbidity statistics reflect the implementation ofscreening for potential heat intolerance and acclimatisation programmes for exposed workers.Over the period 1980 to 1991, the average annual incidence of heat stroke was 0,047 per 1000employees while that of heat exhaustion was 0,312 per 1000 employees (source: ProjectSIMRISK 401).

The reporting format changed in 1994 from heat stroke and heat exhaustion as separateentities, to heat sickness. Heat sickness is reportable if the worker loses consciousness orincapacitation prevents him from returning to his normal occupation or more than 48 hours. Theannual incidence of fatalities and injuries per 1000 workers in the gold mining industry is shownin Table 8

Table 8Incidence of fatality and injury rates for heat sickness in gold mines (the number of fatalities

and injuries are given in brackets)

Incidence rate 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999Fatality rates/1000 workers 0,03 (9) 0,01 (4) 0,02 (6) 0,01 (4) 0,02 (4) 0,01 (2)

Injury rates/1000 workers 0,04 (20) 0,08 (25) 0,06 (17) 0,04 (14) 0,03 (7) 0,04 (8)

No heat stroke, exhaustion or sickness was reported for the coal mining industry between 1984and 1999. Heat disorders also appear not to be common in the platinum industry with heatexhaustion being reported over this period only in 1994 and 1997 in 0,01 workers per 1000.

1.2.7 Diving sicknessDiving sickness is specific to the diamond mining sector and is a significant cause of morbidity.Reporting of this occupational disease entity from the SAMRASS database ceased after 1997.

19

The trend of annual incidence per 1000 workers for the last 10 years of reporting is shown inTable 9.

Table 9 Annual incidence rate for diving sickness (numbers in brackets)

Incidencerates

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

Injury 0,16(3)

0,05(1)

0 0,14(3)

0,11(2)

0,28(4)

0,99(15)

1,71(26)

0,65(10)

0,14(2)

Fatality 0,05(1)

0,05(1)

0,07(1)

20

2 Evaluation of the research proposalsProject proposal information for 2000 is presented in Table 10. The gold and platinum sectorare administrated by the SIMGAP committee, the coal and other sector by the SIMCOMcommittee and generic and health projects by the SIMHEALTH committee. SIMRAC will onlyoversee special projects or, alternatively, refer these to a task group.

In general, two to five proposals per gazetted topic are received from research contractors.Other proposals that are submitted by contractors and which do not represent gazetted oradvertised proposals, are referred to as unsolicited in Table 10. Projects in progress refer totwo or three-year projects that will continue in 2000.

Table 10

A summary of research proposals for 2000

SectorTopics

gazettedProposalsreceived

Unsolicitedproposals

Projects inprogress

Newprojects

Total for2000

Gold & platinum 10 29 18 7 23 30

Coal 4 11 7 1 7 8

Other 0 0 0 0 0 0

Health 4 11 8 2 10 12

Generic 5 10 7 0 6 6

Totals 23 51 40 10 46 56

An evaluation of proposals by the expert panels (SIMROCK and SIMENG) and SIMHEALTHstarted in October 1999. SIMGAP and SIMCOM considered recommendations from thesepanels during November. All three subcommittees arranged for selected presentations byproject leaders during January 2000 after which modifications to proposals were requested fromcontractors. SIMHEALTH referred selected proposals, with the consent of the proposers, torecognised experts and an ethics committee of the University of the Witwatersrand. The finalevaluations were done during February 2000 for consideration by SIMRAC at the end ofFebruary 2000

Proposals are evaluated in two ways. Firstly, the nature and focus of a proposal is tested toensure that it will address risk-based industry or sectoral needs, and secondly, a critical audit toselect the best proposal from a suite of submissions. In this regard members are requested tocomplete a project proposal evaluation sheet that is used to rate proposals on six criteria.Attachment 4 contains examples of the evaluation guidelines. Proposals are rated bycommittees using a consensus-based approach. If no agreement is reached, the views of eachparty is recorded and submitted to SIMRAC for adjudication

Proposals are rated according to their potential health and safety impact and classed into fourcategories, namely: A-Critical; B-important; C-consider, and D-reject. Ad-hoc proposals thatare considered outside the scheduled submission cycles are evaluated in the same manner.Finally, the final research programme is submitted to the Council for ratification. Attachment 3provides details and evaluations of project proposals that were received for consideration for the2000 programme.

21

3 Focus and priority of health and safety researchSIMRAC is currently formulating research and organisational strategies. This process startedduring 1998, with the identification of 12 key success factors (KSFs) that represent criticalorganisational activities that must be pursued to ensure that its mission will be accomplished.Subcommittees identified and prioritised critical research focus areas that represent significantrisks.

The scheme that is presented this report should be viewed as an interim measure thatwill be modified and supplemented during 2000. The formulation of strategies andassociated research thrusts will continue during 2000, with a view to moderating the 2001needs analysis process and defining major research thrust areas that are directly linked toactual health and safety risks. The Council will be informed, on a regular basis, of the progressin this regard.

Assigning priorities for KSFs within an Importance-Effort matrix, facilitates resource allocationand focus of activities. It should be noted that the cost of researching a topic that is rated highin importance and/or high in effort is not necessarily more than the cost of researching a projectthat is rated lower in importance and/or effort. The strategic effort matrix for SIMRAC is shownin Figure10. A discussion of the KSFs for SIMRAC falls outside the scope of this report, butare included to promote an appreciation of the organisational issues that must be addressed.

The distribution of KSFs within the matrix are periodically reassessed to take account of thedynamics of organisational needs. The matrix can be subdivided into quadrants that indicatebroad strategic directions, namely:

ControllersThese factors represent typical short term components that may be added to the currentportfolio. In the longer term, these may migrate towards the ‘maintainer’ quadrant.

ThrustersThese factors represent the strongest developmental challenges for the future. The strategyrequired is to implement immediate action to ensure the establishment of higher levels ofcompetence.

MaintainersThese factors have relatively low impacts on overall performance and may represent some ‘holycows’. The strategy required is to diminish the resource allocation for these factors.

SleepersThese factors constitute possible future challenges. The strategy required is to monitor andaugment resources if priorities increase.

22

Imp

ort

ance

High

Low

HighLow

Sustained strengthsControllers Thrusters

Developmental challenges

MaintainersLow impacts

SleepersFuture challenges

Capacity building

Identify research needs

Effort

Key Success Factors

Develop technology transfer

Research management

Include medical input

Procurement of projects

Communication strategy

Streamline structure

Performance management

Asset management

Policy development

Review legislation

SIMRAC strategic effort matrix

8

1

2

3

4

5

6

9

107

1112

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

9

10

8

11

12

Figure 10 The strategic effort matrix for SIMRAC

3.1 Research focus: Occupational healthThe following represent the occupational medicine and occupational hygiene componentsidentified as priority areas for research by SIMHEALTH. They are presented in descendingorder of importance rating (a product of the risk and research rating)

Tuberculosis Tuberculosis is occupationally associated with dust exposure on mines. Research hashighlighted associated variables for which further intervention measures can be researched.The additional burden of HIV infection on the workforce has increased the need to researchcost-effective means of screening, treating and preventing tuberculosis in the mining industry.

Pneumoconiosis Pneumoconiosis remains an important occupational disease in the mining industry and thefocus of research in this area is on both the disease and the exposure. Correct measurement ofexposure to dust and identifying its pathogenic components is a major research challenge as isdeveloping dose-response relationships linking exposure to disease.

Chronic Obstructive Airways DiseaseChronic obstructive airways disease accounts for a sizeable proportion of miners compensatedfor occupational disease. The associated issues of measurement of lung function and use oftests is an important research area for employment and compensation.

Environmental ErgonomicsEnvironmental ergonomics encompasses a wide range of under-researched health issues fromhygiene to psychology. It includes physical, physiological and mental aspects of work,exposure, disease and other health and safety outcomes.

23

Noise and Hearing Research encompasses both the occupational hygiene aspects of measuring and reducingnoise exposure and the effects or noise induced hearing loss, measurement of such hearingloss and the use of cross-sectional versus longitudinal data.

BarotraumaThis area of research has been identified as being of future importance as mines becomedeeper (more than 3 km below surface).

Occupational AsthmaOccupational asthma has not been widely researched in the mining industry and there is a needto determine the effect of occupational exposures on the incidence of asthma.

Thermal DisordersHeat exposure and effects have been well researched. There may be a need for research onexposure to cold and also the effect of newly emerging diseases on heat tolerance.

Human Interface and ConformanceThis category of research includes the important human interface of technology transfer,behavioural models, safety culture and occupational hygiene and medicine information linkage.

Radiation and CancerThe exposure and effects of radiation have involved whole body radiation. A new research fieldis the assessment of respirable radioactive particles and genetic effects of exposure.

VibrationThe effects of hand arm vibration and whole body vibration have not been assessed in theSouth African mining industry and this is an important research area to determine the extentand degree of the exposure and associated problems.

Emergency CareMortality and morbidity can be markedly affected by the quality of emergency care at variousstages of the mining process. Health and safety outcomes need to be associated with type ofemergency care available to determine the optimum intervention required.

Occupational DermatitisIn view of the importance of occupational dermatitis in other industries, it is likely that it iscommon in miners who are exposed to a variety of potential irritants and allergens.

The strategic effort matrix for occupational health is shown in Figure 11

24

Research focus areas

Research importance

Ris

k Im

po

rtan

ceHigh

Low

HighLow





COAD

Pneumoconiosis

Tuberculosis

Occupational asthma

Noise and hearing

Barotrauma

Vibration

Occupational dermatitis

Emergency care

Radiation and cancer

Thermal disorders

Human interface & conformance

Environmental ergonomics

Occupational health strategic effort matrix

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12`

13

12

3

4

5

678

9

10

11

12

13

Figure 11 The strategic effort matrix for occupational health

3.2 Research focus: rock engineeringThe following represent the rock engineering components:

Support technologyThe development, performance testing, installation aspects and in-situ monitoring of supportelements, systems and suitability to different geotechnical conditions.

Technology transferThe establishment of proven and sustainable principles, technologies and mechanisms aimedat the enablement all potential implementers of rock engineering principles and currentknowledge into practical and safe procedures and practices.

Geotechnical informationThe acquisition of data, by means of instrumented monitoring and other measurements, of therock engineering environment. It includes in-situ stresses, rock strength, structures, rockresponse studies and seismic monitoring. It includes the engineering component of hazardrecognition.

Compliance and practicesReasons why management and workers do not follow proven best practices, methods, Codes ofPractices and statutory requirements.

Layout & design (Mine scale)The regional mining configuration, inter-stope relationships, large pillar and excavation design,shaft pillar design and extraction.

25

Human interfaceThe role of individual and organisational behavioural as related to health and safety practice. Itincludes enablement and empowerment aspects and covers the spectrum of attitudes,commitment, motivation, selection, training and safety culture. It includes the human componentof hazard recognition.

Rockburst controlMethods and procedures which may be employed to minimise rockburst potential. Thisincludes preconditioning, activated fault slip, inhibiting the effect of geologically associatedseismicity and overall seismicity levels.

Fundamental researchResearch which is aimed at improving levels of basic understanding of processes, phenomenaand interactions. Examples are fracture behaviour of rock and analysis of complex seismicwaveforms.

Rockburst predictionDevelopment of technology to provide short term (within-shift resolution) warning of impendingseismic events which will result in rockbursts.

Layout & design (Stope scale)The local mining configuration, inter-panel disposition and stope-related excavations, accessand egress, local pillar design and geological structure control.

The strategic effort matrix for Rock engineering is shown in Figure 12

Research Focus Areas

Research importance

Ris

k Im

po

rtan

ce

High

Low

HighLow





8

Rockburst prediction

Support technology

Layout & design (Stope scale)

Compliance & practices

Human interface

Layout & design (Mine scale)

Fundamental research

Rockburst control

Technology transfer

Geotechnical information

1

2

3

4

5

6

910

7

Rock engineering strategic effort matrix

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

9

10

8

Figure 12 The strategic effort matrix for rock engineering

26

3.3 Research focus: engineering and machineryThe following represent the engineering and machinery components:

Noise reductionResearch aimed at finding engineering solutions to reduce noise levels on mining equipment inorder to comply with the maximum exposure level of 85 dBA. . Projects will address currentmachine designs, component design, remote control (as a means to remove the operator fromnoisy machinery) and raise awareness of the effects of noise induced hearing loss

Engineering hazards recognitionOne of the reasons why accidents occur is failure to recognise hazards. Research in this areawill formulate and recommend appropriate training methodologies aimed at assisting personnelto recognise engineering and environmental hazards proactively.

Track-bound mobile equipmentLocomotives and rolling stock are major accident contributors in the gold and platinum mines,(second only to rockfalls and rockbursts). Research in this area aims to reduce accidents byaddressing the ergonomics of locomotives, their maintenance procedures of machine and rail,coupling procedures and education and training of the operator.

Trackless mobile equipmentTrackless mobile equipment is responsible for about 44 and 40 percent fatalities and injuries,respectively, throughout the mining industry (under the above sub-category). Examples of theequipment are; LHD's, transporters, coal mining machines and motor vehicles. The barriers tobe overcome include the design and operation of the machines, education and training of theoperator.

General machineryIncludes conveyors, hoists, winches, crushers, mills, pumps and workshop equipment. Methodsand procedures that may be used to eliminate/reduce accidents in this category.

Dust/Gas/FumesTo minimise and allay the health and safety hazards associated with dust, gases and fumes.Development of reliable measuring instrumentation and ways of reducing emissions will beresearched.

Technology transferTo effectively disseminate new technology and procedures (coming out of the SIMRACresearch programme), to the mines for implementation. Barriers to be overcome include; lack ofclarity of outcomes, resistance to change and lack of understanding of the SIMRAC objectivesby the end user.

Electrical hazardsHazards associated with electrical installations and reticulation.

Engineered safety systemsResearch has shown that about 85 percent of accidents occur because of people failing tocomply with established safe procedures. One of the ways to deal with this problem is to designsystems that will force compliance as a condition of operation.

27

Equipment designThis is the design of safety equipment, such as support props, to improve on operationalproperties and enhance reliability to reduce risks.

The strategic effort matrix for Engineering and Machinery is shown in Figure 13

Research Focus Areas

Research importance

Ris

k Im

po

rtan

ce

High

Low

HighLow





Noise reduction

Eng. hazard recognition

Equipment design

Technology transfer

Dust/gas/fumes

Electrical hazards

Trackbound mobile equipment

1

General machinery

Engineered safety sys

Trackless mobile equipment6

Engineering and machinery strategic effort matrix

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1

10

12

10

7

9

8

3

4 5

Figure 13 The strategic effort matrix for engineering and machinery

28

4 Estimated cost of the annual programmeThe cost of the annual SIMRAC programme is comprised of contract research, administrationand management components. Details of the administration and management costs arereflected in the SIMPROSS annual budget (see SIMPROSS business plan). The cost ofcontract research is divided into four components, namely,

! gold and platinum;

! coal;

! other mines, and

! generic (which includes occupational health).

Contract research costs are funded from safety levies and administration and programmemanagement costs are funded from levies and fiscal funds on a 50:50 basis since 1999. Thefunding allocations during the past seven years is depicted in Figure 14. The figure for 1999represents the annualised amount for a 15-month programme cycle that was instituted to adjustto the DME’s new accounting cycle.

39.31

43.09 43.68 42.83

45.7447.59

38.6

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

0

10

20

30

40

50

60 SIMRAC Gold & platinum Coal Generic Other mines

Am

ou

nt

(R m

illio

n)

Figure 14 Funding allocations to the various committees during the

past seven years

Levies were imposed on approximately 500 mines during 1999 (see Attachment 6). Levyamounts of less than R500 per annum for mines are waived.

After the annual funding allocation for each sector is determined, the amount levied for eachsector is decreased by the surplus in the research account attributable to that sector, afterallowing for contingencies. Details of the cost for the 2000 programme is presented in Table 11

29

Table 11Cost of the SIMRAC annual programme: April 2000 to April 2001

Amounts marked with an asterisk are VAT exclusiveProject Focus Short title Contractor Levy Cost (Rm) TotalNumber area Sector 2000 2001 2002 Cost

Projects in progressGAP 601a Fundamental rock eng Experimental & theoretical investigations of in mining induced fracturing ISSI GAP 0.870 0.95 2.78GAP 601b Fundamental rock eng Experimental investigation of mining induced fracturing Miningtek GAP 3.634 3.83 11.27GAP 603 Layout & design The integration of seismic monitoring with numerical modelling ISSI GAP 1.282 0.32 2.95GAP 604 Design- mine scale Routine moment tensor inversion for design of stabilising pillars Miningtek GAP 1.737 3.12GAP 615 Design- mine scale Influence of regional pillars & backfill on local area and internal support Miningtek GAP 1.754 3.91GAP 633 T/transfer rock eng A textbook on rock mechanics for tabular hard rock mines Miningtek GAP 0.114 1.57GAP 642 Noise reduction Design, develop quiet, self-thrusting blast hole drilling system LGI GAP 0.724 1.04HEALTH 607 Dust/respiratory Chronic obstructive lung disease and pneumoconiosis in coal miners Natal Univ GEN 0.609* 1.26HEALTH 611 Tuberculosis Clinico-pathological study of pulmonary tuberculosis NCOH GEN 0.160* 0.54COL 613 Support technology In-loco inspection of current roof falls to determine causes Itasca COL 0.714 1.32

Total cost for projects in progress (10) 11.597

New projectsGAP 701 Engineered safety sys. Risk assessment of hoisting with and without a safety detaching hook AATS GAP 0.692 0.69GAP 702 Noise /rockfalls Develop tele-controls for self-thrusting percussion drilling machine & interfaces LGI GAP 0.892 0.89GAP 703 Locomotives Investigate coupling systems & designs currently in use in the GAP sector Turnberry GAP 0.212 0.21GAP 704 Locomotives The ergonomics of locomotive design in the South African mines. Ergotek GAP 0.627 0.63GAP 705 Support technology The feasibility of a mine-wide continuous closure monitoring system Miningtek GAP 0.400 0.40GAP 706 Rockfalls Pre-feasibility of infrared thermography of loose hangingwall Miningtek GAP 0.171 0.17GAP 707 Geotechnical info The variability of the primitive stress environment Miningtek GAP 0.989 0.99GAP 708a Support technology The design and development of an effective support system for tabular stopes Miningtek GAP 0.700 0.70GAP 708b Support technology The design and development of an effective support system for tabular stopes Turgis GAP 0.100 0.10GAP 709a Support technology The use of peak particle velocities at excavation surfaces Miningtek GAP 1.500 1.50 3.00GAP 709b Support technology The use of peak particle velocities at excavation surfaces ISSI GAP 0.700 0.70GAP 710 Support technology Underground verification of deflection performance of fibre reinforced shotcrete SRK GAP 0.780 0.08 0.86GAP 711 Seismic hazard Assessment of seismic risk in the Bushveld complex platinum mines Miningtek GAP 0.401 0.40GAP 712 T/transfer rock eng Implementation of state-of-art mining knowledge and technologies Miningtek GAP 0.250 0.25GAP 714 Rockburst control A software tool for management of seismic hazard in seismically active mines Resolicit GAP 0.500 0.50GAP 722 Design- mine scale A methodology and computer program for applying improved, inelastic ERR Miningtek GAP 0.642 0.67 1.31GAP 723 Support design Enhancements to the Support Design Analysis (SDA II) software Miningtek GAP 0.200 0.20GAP 725 Engineered safety sys. M.Sc. Bursary: The development of a design procedure for SELDA strips Univ Pta GAP 0.057 0.06GAP 726 Noise reduction Development of a vibration absorber for rock-drill vibration attenuation Univ Pta GAP 0.057 0.06GAP 727 Generic information Updating of accident and fatality data base Miningtek GAP 0.030 0.03

30

GAP 728 T/transfer rock eng Updating of Numerical Modelling Handbook Miningtek GAP 0.030 0.03GAP 729 Support database Database for the Support Catalogue Miningtek GAP 0.030 0.03GAP 730 SIMRAC effectiveness Determine the impact of SIMRAC research in GAP sector Resolicit GAP 0.400 0.40

Total gold and platinum projects (23) 10.359

HEALTH 701 Tuberculosis The provision of preventive therapy against TB for South African mineworkers Aurum GEN 1.710 1.71 1.71 5.13HEALTH 702 Ergonomics Assess the incidence and work-related risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders Miningtek GEN 0.796 0.63 1.42HEALTH 703 Ergonomics Hand arm vibration syndrome in South African gold mines NCOH GAP 0.616* 0.18 0.80HEALTH 704 Dust monitoring Direct (real-time) estimation of occupational dust exposure Resolicit GEN 1.140 1.14HEALTH 705 Tuberculosis The use of sputum screening as active case detection method of TB Aurum GEN 0.640 0.11 0.75HEALTH 706 Health database Compensation through autopsies conducted under the ODMW Act NCOH GEN 0.055* 0.06HEALTH 709 Silicosis Identification of health hazards relating to toxic metals in silicon smelters Infotox OTH 0.178 0.18HEALTH 711 Toxicity Nervous system effects of environmental manganese exposure of mine workers Univ CT GEN 0.521 0.34 0.41 1.27HEALTH 712 Substance use/abuse The role of alcohol and substance use/abuse in mining accidents Resolicit GEN 0.570 0.57HEALTH 713 Health volume Publication & printing costs of occupational health volume Resolicit GEN 0.400 0.40

Total health projects (10) 6.626

COL 701 Explosions & gas Best practice inertisation strategy for inbye area of underground fiery collieries Miningtek COL 0.680 0.68COL 702 Design- mine scale Current practice and guidelines for the safe design of water barrier pillars Itasca COL 0.681 0.68COL 703 Support technology A system to provide early warning of roof falls prior to support installation ISSG COL 0.197 0.20COL 704 Support technology Suitable long tendon (2.5m - 15m) technologies and practices RMT (UK) COL 0.450* 0.45COL 709 Geotechnical info Development of a method to estimate coal pillar loading Miningtek COL 0.851 0.85COL 713 Explosions and gas Combustion of backfilled areas on coal mines Grootegeluk COL 0.230 0.01 0.01 0.25COL 714 Noise measurement Quantify noise emissions from coal mining machines LGI COL 0.100 0.10

Total coal projects (7) 3.189

GEN 701 Equipment design Survey of design, installation and maintenance of conveyer belt systems AATS COL&OTH 0.296 0.30GEN 702 Transport systems Commercial personnel transportation in the underground environment Land Mobility COL&OTH 0.176 0.18GEN 703 Support technology Safe cleaning and making safe of various height (10m - 35m) highwalls SRK COL&OTH 0.666 0.67GEN 705 Instrumentation Ranging open path remote flammable gas detection/monitoring device Miningtek GEN 0.585 0.67 1.25GEN 708 Human interface An involvement culture that is conducive to safety-committed employees Resolicit GEN 0.355 0.21 0.56

Total generic projects (6) 2.079

Total for SIMRAC projects (56) 33.850 plus SIMPROSS annual budget 3.907 plus SIMRAC annual report 0.076 plus annual financial auditing 0.025 plus ad- hoc expense budget 0.750

Total cost of programme 38.608

31

Attachment 1Comparison of safety performance : 1998 to 1999

Number Rate/1000 employeesYear Accidents Fatalities Injuries Fatalities Injuries

All Mines 1999 5598 315 5488 0.77 13.421998 6151 366 6059 0.85 14.12

Change -553 -51 -571 -0.08 -0.7%Change -8.99% -13.93% -9.42% -9.41% -4.96%

Gold 1999 4235 213 4201 1.01 19.891998 4664 252 4648 1.08 19.87

Change -429 -39 -447 -0.07 0.02%Change -9.20% -15.48% -9.62% -6.48% 0.10%

Coal 1999 226 28 207 0.51 3.781998 283 42 255 0.73 4.43

Change -57 -14 -48 -0.22 -0.65%Change -20.14% -33.33% -18.82% -30.14% -14.67%

Platinum 1999 796 39 766 0.45 8.921998 817 44 785 0.54 9.60

Change -21 -5 -19 -0.09 -0.68%Change -2.57% -11.36% -2.42% -16.67% -7.08%

Diamond 1999 69 7 66 0.48 4.541998 71 2 73 0.13 4.90

Change -2 5 -7 0.35 -0.36%Change -2.82% 250.00% -9.59% 269.23% -7.35%

Chrome 1999 33 1 33 0.18 6.091998 56 2 57 0.33 9.33

Change -23 -1 -24 -0.15 -3.24%Change -41.07% -50.00% -42.11% -45.45% -34.73%

Copper 1999 26 6 20 1.65 5.511998 26 5 22 1.25 5.50

Change 0 1 -2 0.4 0.01%Change 0.00% 20.00% -9.09% 32.00% 0.18%

Iron Ore 1999 50 4 47 0.81 9.481998 35 3 32 0.62 6.66

Change 15 1 15 0.19 2.82%Change 42.86% 33.33% 46.88% 30.65% 42.34%

Granite 1999 17 2 15 0.87 6.521998 39 0 41 0.00 18.89

Change -22 2 -26 0.87 -12.37%Change -56.41% - -63.41% - -65.48%

Limestone 1999 25 2 23 0.76 8.701998 28 2 26 0.73 9.45

Change -3 0 -3 0.03 -0.75%Change -10.71% 0.00% -11.54% 4.11% -7.94%

Clay 1999 33 5 29 1.22 7.061998 37 5 34 3.18 27.05

Change -4 0 -5 -1.96 -19.99%Change -10.81% 0.00% -14.71% -61.64% -73.90%

RemainingMines

1999 86 8 81 0.41 4.19

1998 95 9 87 0.46 4.40Change -9 -1 -6 -0.05 -0.21

%Change -9.47% -11.11% -6.90% -10.87% -4.77%

32

Attachment 2Graphs showing the main contributors of fatalities and

injuries in mining sectors

Figure 2.1 Fatality rates attributable to the eight most significant contributorsin the gold mining sector

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Rockbursts Rockfalls Locomotives Inundation

Falling into/from Material handling Scraper winches Conveyances

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

Rockbursts Rockfalls Locomotives Inundation

Falling into/from Material handling Scraper winches Conveyances

33

Figure 2.2 Injury rates attributable to the eight most significant contributors

in the gold mining sector

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Fall of ground Machinery & conveyers Transport & vehicles Material handling

Falling into/from Explosions & inundation Electricity Explosives

Figure 2.3 Fatality rates attributable to the eight most significant contributorsin the coal mining sector

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

Fall of ground Machinery & conveyers Transport Material handling

Falling into/from Explosions & inundation Electricity Explosives

Figure 2.4 Injury rates attributable to the eight most significant contributors

34

in the coal mining sector

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35


Falling into/from Explosions gas/dust Electricity Explosives

Figure2.5 Fatality rates attributable to the eight most significant contributorsin the platinum mining sector

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

Fall of ground Machinery & conveyers Transport & vehicles Material handling

Falling into/from Explosions gas/dust Electricity Explosives

35

Figure 2.6 Injury rates attributable to the eight most significant contributorsin the platinum mining sector

Figure 2.7 Fatality rates attributable to the eight most significant contributors

in the other mining sector

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5


Falling into/from Explosions gas/dust Inundation Electricity

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4


Falling into/from Explosions gas/dust Inundation Electricity

36

Figure 2.8 Injury rates attributable to the eight most significant contributorsin the other mining sector

37

Attachment 3

A summary of proposals and evaluations for consideration for the 2000 programme

(Proposals marked with an asterisk were unsolicited)

Gold and Platinum: Recommended for inclusion in Programme

ProjectNumber

Proposer Project Title

Cost(kR)incl.VAT

Comments (A=Critical; B= Important; C= Consider; D= RejectRating(A-D)

Engineering Continuation ProjectsGAP 642 LGI Design, develop quite, self-thrusting blast hole drilling system 724 A

New Engineering Projects for 2000GAP701 AATS Risk assessment of hoisting with and without a safety detaching

hook692 SIMGAP: Experienced team. Cost revision received. Approved by SIMGAP 17/2/00. Approved

by SIMRAC 29/2/00A

GAP702 LGI Develop tele-controls for self-thrusting percussion drillingmachine and associated interface

892 SIMGAP: Preferred proposal. Researchers have advantage of experience with GAP642, andmore competitive cost quotation. No concession on costing received. Zondi & Gumbie to comeback with status report. Approved by SAMGAP 17/2/00. Approved by SIMRAC 29/2/00.

A

GAP703 TurnberryProjects

Investigate coupling systems and designs currently in use in thegold and platinum sector. Recommend a specification for acoupling system for rail-bound vehicles

212 SIMGAP: Good methodology. Industry participation prior to final report. Researcher requested toreduce costs to R120 000, which is considered more appropriate for a 3-month project. Costrevision received but still higher than requested amount. Approved by SIMGAP 17/2/00.Approved by SIMRAC 29/2/00.

A

GAP704 Ergotech The ergonomics of locomotive design in South African mines 627 SIMGAP: Good methodology. Previously disadvantaged groups (PDG's) involvement.Ergonomics experts. Cost revision received. Approved by SIMGAP 17/2/00. Approved bySIMRAC 29/2/00.

A

GAP 725* University ofPretoria :LGI

MSc Bursary application: The development of a designprocedure for SELDA strips

57 SIMGAP: SIMENG suggested possible application could be in end-of-wind protection.Recommend to SIMRAC. Note: SIMRAC required revision of proposal. COMPLETE

A

GAP 726* University ofPretoria :LGI

PhD Bursary application: Development of a vibration absorberfor rockdrill vibration attenuation

57 SIMGAP: SIMENG pointed out that this contradicts GAP702, which tries to remove operator fromdirect contact with machine. SIMGAP agrees, however, to recommend the work to SIMRAC,subject to a check by SIMPROSS about withdrawal of student doing preparatory work underGAP634 COMPLETE

A

Rock Engineering Continuation ProjectsGAP601a ISS

InternationalExperimental and theoretical investigations of fundamentalprocesses in mining induced fracturing and rock instability closeto excavations

870 SIMRAC: Approved as revised to exclude duplication of complementary GAP 601b A

GAP601b CSIR:Miningtek

Experimental investigation of fundamental processes in mininginduced fracturing and rock instability

3,634 SIMRAC: Approved as revised to exclude duplication of complementary GAP 601a A

38

GAP603* ISSI &CSIR:Miningtek

Fundamental aspects of the integration of seismic monitoringwith numerical modelling

1,282 SIMRAC: Approved as revised to clarify motivation and Capital and Plant costs A

GAP604* CSIR:Miningtek

The application of routine moment tensor inversion capability indevelopment of a new design consideration for the stability offoundations of stabilising pillars in deep level gold mines &pillars in intermediate depth hard rock mines

1,737 SIMRAC: Approved as revised to include ISS as sub-contractor, using a single moment tensor A

GAP615* CSIR:Miningtek

Influence of regional support systems (pillars and backfill) onlocal area and internal support requirements adjacent to thatregional support

1,754 SIMRAC: Approved. Work will complement area covered by GAP 334 A

GAP633 CSIR:Miningtek

A textbook on rock mechanics for tabular hard rock mines 114 SIMRAC: Budget of R1 045 000 already provided in 1998 for this project A

New Rock Engineering Projects for 2000GAP 705 CSIR:

MiningtekInvestigate the feasibility of a mine-wide continuous closuremonitoring system for gold mines at a variety of depths

400 SIMGAP: Revision requested, offering advertised work in two phases. Revisions circular 1/2000.Request a revised proposal with only feasibility study & inclusion of seismic features. Approvedby SIMGAP on 17/2/00 on condition that cost revised to R400k. Approved by SIMRAC 29/2/00.

A

GAP 706 CSIR:Miningtek

Pre-feasibility investigation of infrared thermography for theidentification of loose hangingwall and impending falls of ground

171 SIMGAP: Presentation given on 12/1/2000. Revised cost quotation received and included incircular 8/2000. Preferred proposal due to costing. Approved by SIMGAP on 17/2/00. Approvedby SIMRAC 29/2/00.

A

GAP 707 CSIR:Miningtek

Understanding and determining the variability of the primitivestress environment using the new stress measuring techniquedeveloped by SIMRAC to obtain additional measurements

989 SIMGAP: Cost to high. Revision required, removing work on stress variability and reviewing SRKwork. Presentation not given on 12/1/2000. Revised proposal received circular 1/2000. Approvedby SIMGAP on 17/2/00 on condition revised project proposal for only 6 month project that provesthat the machine / technique works. Approved by SIMRAC 29/2/00.

A

GAP 708 a CSIR:Miningtek

The design and development of an effective support system fortabular stopes in gold and platinum mines

700 SIMGAP: Revision required - only phase 1. Revision to include use of GAP 611 output.Presentation given on 12/1/2000. SIMGAP approved on 17/2/00 on condition that revised foronly phase 1 for R700k. Approved by SIMRAC 29/2/00.

A

GAP 708 b TurgisTechnology

The design and development of an effective support system fortabular stopes in gold and platinum mines

100 SIMGAP: Revision required, including use of GAP 611 output. SIMROCK was concerned aboutlack of mechanical/design engineers in proposed team. Presentation given on 12/1/2000.SIMGAP approved as parallel project on 17/2/00 on condition that Turgis revise proposal to onlyphase 1 with concrete ideas (still to be specified) included for R100k. Approved by SIMRAC29/2/00.

A

GAP 709 a CSIR:Miningtek

The meaningful use of peak particle velocities at excavationsurfaces for the optimisation of the rockburst support criteria fortunnels and stopes

1,500 SIMGAP: Presentation given on 12/1/2000. SIMGAP approved on 17/2/00 on condition thatparallel project with ISSI and 1 common site to be used. Require connection between GAP 705and GAP 709a. Approved by SIMRAC 29/2/00.

A

GAP 709 b ISSI The meaningful use of peak particle velocities at excavationsurfaces for the optimisation of the rockburst support criteria fortunnels and stopes

700 SIMGAP: SIMROCK considered this approach the most suitable. Expertise on the proposedteam in field of strong ground motion recognised. Presentation given on 12/1/2000. SIMGAPapproved on 17/2/00 on condition that ISSI cut costs and have a focused scope based onconnection with GAP601. Parallel project with CSIR. I common site to be used. Approved bySIMRAC 29/2/00.

A

GAP 710 SRK Underground verification of the large deflection performance offibre reinforced shotcrete subjected to high stresses andconvergence and to dynamic loading

780 SIMGAP: Preferred proposal, recognising researchers experience in the field, but notingrecommendation of SIMROCK that care should be taken to avoid overlap with 'ShotcreteWorking Group' SIMGAP approved on 17/2/00. Approved by SIMRAC 29/2/00.

A

GAP 711* CSIR:Miningtek

Assessment of seismic risk in the Bushveld Complex platinummines

400 SIMGAP: Revision required by 24/12/99, with emphasis on hazard rather than risk, and offeringa review of past work. Revised proposal received circular 1/2000. No current need perceivedfuture need. SIMGAP approved on 17/2/00 on condition that CSIR revise scope to havepreliminary study done within 3 months. for R400k. Approved by SIMRAC 29/2/00.

A

39


Implementation of state-of-art mining knowledge andtechnologies [using SIMRAC and other research developmentsin design and operation of a safe and efficient deep gold minestope for the 21st Century

250 SIMGAP: Presentation given on 12/1/2000. State support, labour support, employers don'tsupport. Disagreement from SIMGAP on 17/2/00 - refer to SIMRAC. SIMRAC: Restructureproject, only evaluation of concept - phase 1 only .for R250k. Conditional on outcome ofGEN604 and GAP730. To start in approx. Sept. Feedback to SIMGAP.

A

GAP 714* Resolicit A software tool for the management of seismic hazard andassociated risk in seismically active mines

500 SIMGAP: SIMROCK points out that similar work is under consideration after completion of GAP608. Strong support from State. Presentation given on 12/1/2000. Employers against timing ofproject, state support, labour support. Disagreement from SIMGAP on 17/2/00 - refer toSIMRAC. SIMRAC: Funding put aside to be used based on outcome of GAP 608. Look at otherresearchers. Feedback to SIMGAP.

A


A methodology and computer program for applying improved,inelastic ERR for the design of mine layouts on planar reefs

642 SIMGAP: SIMROCK suggested this work as possible extension to ERR Project GAP 612c,suggests provision of funds made for such work. Presentation given on 12/1/2000. SIMGAPapproved on 17/2/00. Approved by SIMRAC 29/2/00.

A


Enhancements to the Support Design Analysis [SDA II] software 200 SIMGAP: SIMROCK to review proposal with researcher. Revision to be submitted, andpresented, to SIMGAP thereafter. SIMROCK suggests funding not exceeding R200 k. Approvedby SIMGAP on 17/2/00 if cost reduced to R200k. Approved by SIMRAC 29/2/00.

A


Updating fatality and accident database 30 SIMGAP approved on 17/2/00. Approved by SIMRAC 29/2/00. A


Updating numerical modelling handbook 30 SIMGAP approved on 17/2/00. Approved by SIMRAC 29/2/00. A


Database for support catalogue 30 SIMGAP approved on 17/2/00. Approved by SIMRAC 29/2/00. A

GAP 730 Resolicit Determine the impact of SIMRAC research in GAP sector 400 SIMGAP request Wits School of Business to assist in putting a scope for the project together.Members to propose suitable researchers. SIMRAC: Refer to SIMGAP. Approved by SIMRAC29/2/00.

A

Gold and Platinum: Not recommended for inclusion in Programme

ProjectNumber


Cost(kR)incl.VAT


GAP 701 b SnowdenMining Ind.

Risk assessment of hoisting with and without a safety detachinghook

595 SIMGAP: Proposed team lack practical experience. D

GAP 701 c SRK Risk assessment of hoisting with and without a safety detachinghook

692 SIMGAP: Proposed team lack relevant experience. D

GAP 701 d TurnberryProjects

Risk assessment of hoisting with and without a safety detachinghook

768 SIMGAP: Proposed team leader experienced in hoisting systems, but costs high, and aspectsof Output 2 unnecessary

D

GAP 701 e Turgis Tech. Risk assessment of hoisting with and without a safety detachinghook

403 SIMGAP: Proposal content considered shallow, and could lead only to recommendations forfurther research

D

GAP 702 b PempekSystems

Develop tele-controls for self-thrusting percussion drilling machineand associated interface

1,027 SIMGAP: Proposed team has good mix of experience, but GAP702a preferred, owing toexperience with GAP642, and involvement of CSIR.

D

GAP 703 b TurgisTechnology


220 SIMGAP: Proposed team has relevant experience, but GAP703a preferred, owing to Industryparticipation in Project.

D

GAP 703 c LGI Investigate coupling systems and designs currently in use in thegold and platinum sector. Recommend a specification for acoupling system for rail-bound vehicles

422 SIMGAP: Good methodology but costs high, and GAP703a preferred, owing to Industryinvolvement in Project.

D

40

GAP 703 d HighveldProjects


428.1 SIMGAP: Proposed team lacks mining experience, and costs too high. D

GAP 704 a IMC Tech.Serv./KnightPieseold

The ergonomics of locomotive design in South African mines 768.5 SIMGAP: Proposal technically similar to preferred GAP704c, whose team has the experienceof previous work for SIMRAC in the ergonomics area

D

GAP 704 b Health &SafetyCons..

The ergonomics of locomotive design in South African mines 843,3 SIMGAP: Proposed team have little experience in local Industry. D

GAP 704 e LGI The ergonomics of locomotive design in South African mines 690.7 SIMGAP: Proposed team lack mining experience. DGAP 704 f Turnberry

ProjectsThe ergonomics of locomotive design in South African mines 928 SIMGAP: Proposed team lacks experience in ergonomics. D

GAP 704 g HighveldProjects

The ergonomics of locomotive design in South African mines 463.4 SIMGAP: Proposal poorly presented. Not supported. D

GAP 705 a ISSInternational

Investigate the feasibility of a mine-wide continuous closuremonitoring system for gold mines at a variety of depths

299 SIMGAP: Revision requested, offering advertised work in two phases. Revisions circular1/2000

D

GAP 705 b Rock Mech.Technology



D

GAP 705 d TurgisTechnology



D

GAP 706 a AlexanderForbes


336 SIMGAP: Presentation given on 12/1/2000. SIMGAP: Revised cost quotation received andincluded in circular 8/2000

D

GAP 706 c ISSGeophysics


288 D

GAP 706 d AATS Pre-feasibility investigation of infrared thermography for theidentification of loose hangingwall and impending falls of ground

222 SIMGAP: GAP706a & b preferred. Not Supported D

GAP 706 e ITASCAAfrica


275 SIMGAP: Proposed team considered weak. GAP706a & b preferred. Not Supported D

GAP 707 a Rock Mech.Technology

Understanding and determining the variability of the primitivestress environment using the new stress measuring techniquedeveloped by SIMRAC to obtain additional measurements

1,167 SIMGAP: GAP707c preferred. Not supported D

GAP 707 b ISSI Understanding and determining the variability of the primitivestress environment using the new stress measuring techniquedeveloped by SIMRAC to obtain additional measurements

569 SIMGAP: GAP707c preferred. Not supported D

GAP 708 c SRK The design and development of an effective support system fortabular stopes in gold and platinum mines

711 SIMGAP: GAP708a & b preferred. Not supported D

GAP 709 c SRK The meaningful use of peak particle velocities at excavationsurfaces for the optimisation of the rockburst support criteria fortunnels and stopes

646 SIMGAP: SIMROCK considered this proposal as a novel and different approach, possibly forresubmission when GAP 611 completed (provide funds in 2000/2001 budget for this?).Presentation given on 12/1/2000. Reintroduce topic after 1 year to SRK.

D

GAP 709 d SRK The meaningful use of peak particle velocities at excavationsurfaces for the optimisation of the rockburst support criteria fortunnels and stopes

887 SIMGAP: GAP709a, b & d preferred. Not supported D

GAP 710 a CSIR Underground verification of the large deflection performance offibre reinforced shotcrete subjected to high stresses andconvergence and to dynamic loading

969 SIMGAP: GAP710b preferred, owing to that agency's superior experience D

GAP 710 c TurgisTechnology

Underground verification of the large deflection performance offibre reinforced shotcrete subjected to high stresses andconvergence and to dynamic loading

1,151 SIMGAP: GAP710b preferred, owing to that agency's superior experience D

41

GAP 710 d ITASCAAfrica

Underground verification of the large deflection performance offibre reinforced shotcrete subjected to high stresses andconvergence and to dynamic loading

702 SIMGAP: GAP710b preferred, owing to that agency's superior experience D

GAP 713* ISSI A guide to routine seismic monitoring in mines - an update 90.4 SIMGAP: Proposal premature. Not supported DGAP 714* Council for

GeoscienseA software tool for the management of seismic hazard andassociated risk in seismically active mines

500 SIMGAP: SIMROCK points out that similar work is under consideration after completion ofGAP 608. Strong support from State. Presentation given on 12/1/2000. Project to be resolicited

D

GAP 715* ISSI Defining and forecasting critica spatial volumes of seismic activityon a mine-wide scale

353 SIMGAP: Proposal premature. Await outcome of GAP409. D

GAP 716* ISSI Rockburst alarm - a test of prediction vs random shooting 799 SIMGAP: No support for this proposal. DGAP 717* ISSI Method for the automatic processing of high frequency

accelerograms531 SIMGAP: No support for this proposal. Duplicates GAP601 D

GAP 718* SRK Accounting for variability in rock engineering design 95 SIMGAP: No support for this proposal DGAP 719* SRK Representative statistical parameters for natural joints in rock

types relevant to gold mines for stability and design analysis225 SIMGAP: No support for this proposal. Proposed work too localised. D

GAP 720* CSIR The determination of the buckling potential of commonly usedelongate stope support elements

231.7 SIMGAP: No support for this proposal. D

GAP 721* CSIR SIMRAC research awareness seminars 458 SIMGAP: No support for this proposal. DGAP 724* ITASCA

AfricaCommuter model risk assessment tool for prediction and control offlammable gas in gold and platinum mines

290.9 SIMGAP: SIMENG did not foresee any benefit from such a project. Not supported D

Health: Recommended for inclusion in Programme

ProjectNumber


Cost(kR)incl.VAT


Continuation ProjectsHEALTH 607 Univ. of Natal To determine the prevalence of chronic obstructive lung disease and

pneumoconiosis among both active and retired underground coalminers in South Africa, and to characterise the natural history ofthese diseases, using occupation as a proxy for exposure.

609 Good progress in first year of project A

HEALTH 611 NCOH Clinicopathological study of pulmonary tuberculosis to reduce boththe rate of misdiagnosis and mortality in the mining industry

160 Good progress in first year of project A

New Projects for 2000HEALTH 701 Aurum Health Recommendations on the provision of preventive therapy against

tuberculosis for South African mineworkers1,710 The committee agreed that this research had been identified as a major project to be undertaken

by SIMHEALTH. The committee felt that the research would be of great importance in showingwhat duration of INH treatment was cost-effective in both HIV and non-HIV positive patients. Itwas agreed that time needed to be spent sorting out the technical issues surrounding the projectbut that a budget should be requested for 2000. SIMRAC: Continuous project cap of R4.5 mil(excl. VAT) for a 3 year project. GEN levy. Approved by SIMRAC 29/2/00.

A

42

HEALTH 702(Rev)

Miningtek A prospective study to assess the incidence and work-related riskfactors in the development of musculoskeletal disorders in the SouthAfrican mining industry.

796 Revised format has phased approach starting with a pilot study incorporating Enabling Outputs 1and 2. A good study design. Mechanisms in place for technology transfer. A good balance ofqualifications and experience on the revised project team. The problem exists in the industry butit is not well documented and the proposal is comprehensive. SIMRAC: GEN levy. Approved bySIMRAC 29/2/00.

A

HEALTH 703 NCOH The occurrence of hand arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) in SouthAfrican gold mines and identification of the potential effects of whole-body vibration (WBV)

616 Uses previously disadvantaged researcher. Will provide an ongoing service. Use of overseasconsultants to maximise technology transfer. SIMRAC: GAP levy only (no VAT payable on thisproject). Two year project. Approved by SIMRAC 29/2/00.

A

HEALTH 704 Resolicit Real-time personal sampler for airborne pollutants 1,140 The urgent need for a real-time, personal sampler that can measure particulate matter wasidentified as a high priority research need. Following a review and presentation of submittedproposals SIMHEALTH decided to wait upon the outcomes of a review by the HSE on availabletechnology. SIMHEALTH then intends to write up the required specs for the instrument and toapproach a suitable agency for the development thereof. SIMRAC: GEN levy. Provision madefor development purposes. Approved by SIMRAC 29/2/00.

A

HEALTH 705 *(Rev)

Aurum Health To investigate the use of sputum screening as active case detectionmethod of tuberculosis

640 Solicited as an ad hoc project to investigate best means of detecting tuberculosis. Initial proposalproblematic: quality assurance of tests, costs of capital equipment, method and frequency ofsputum testing, diagnostic criteria and patient follow-up plus ethical issues. Revision andpresentation requested. Areas of concern largely addressed in resubmission and projectsupported to proceed as a matter of urgency before any prophylaxis study potentially confoundsresults. SIMRAC: To be completed before HEALTH 701 can start. SIMRAC: GEN levy.Approved by SIMRAC 29/2/00.

A

HEALTH 706 *Rev)

NCOH The contribution made to compensation through autopsiesconducted under the ODMW Act

55 A good proposal. Well priced. Proposal was revised to include an occupational healthcomponent. SIMRAC: GEN levy (no VAT payable on this project). Approved by SIMRAC29/2/00.

A

HEALTH 709 * Infotox Identification of health hazards relating to toxic metals in siliconsmelters

178 Following a meeting with Dr van Niekerk, the state was satisfied that the research had not beendone before and would not duplicate overseas research nor overlap with current localinvestigations. SIMRAC: OTH levy. Approved by SIMRAC 29/2/00.

A

HEALTH 711 * UCT Longitudinal or prospective study of the nervous system effects ofoccupational environmental manganese exposure on mineworkers orprocessing plant workers at two manganese mines in the NorthernCape Province

521 Sound methodology with cohort design. The surveillance tool development will cover otherneurotoxic hazards since the cost of the project is disproportionate to the risk for manganesealone. Proposal resubmitted as a Phased study with reduced costs and continuance of Phase 2dependent on demonstration of risk. Researcher substantiated the need to use two mines.Resubmission and presentation addressed the concerns satisfactorily SIMRAC: GEN levy.Approved by SIMRAC 29/2/00.

A

HEALTH 712 * Resolicit The role of alcohol and substance use/abuse in mining accidents 570 SIMRAC: Provision for project made. GEN levy. Approved by SIMRAC 29/2/00.

HEALTH 713 * Resolicit Handbook on Occupational Health Practice in the South Africanmining industry

400 Money requested for the printing of 1000 manuals at R400 per copy. SIMRAC GEN levy.Follow-on from project HEALTH 612. Approved by SIMRAC 29/2/00.

A

Health: Not recommended for inclusion in Programme

ProjectNumber


Cost(kR)incl.VAT


HEALTH 703a

Ergotech The occurrence of hand arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) in SouthAfrican gold mines and identification of the potential effects of whole-body vibration (WBV)

679 Concern about the cost of the project (R1.464 million). Lack of epidemiological input. Ethicalconcerns. Method not described in sufficient detail. No statistician involved

D

43

HEALTH 703 c LGI The occurrence of hand arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) in SouthAfrican gold mines and identification of the potential effects of whole-body vibration (WBV)

2,305 Concern about the cost of the project (R2.82 million). Not within the researcher’s area ofexpertise, no mining OH experience in team. Apparent lack of epidemiological and occupationalmedical input in proposal although included in team

D

HEALTH 704a

ITASCA Africa Direct (real-time)Estimation of occupational dust exposure 1,739 Too expensive. No certainty that an instrument will be developed D

HEALTH 704b

IMC/ IRCA Direct (real-time)Estimation of occupational dust exposure 1,352 Concern about the quality of previous IMC research. Overseas-based research agency D

HEALTH 704 c Miningtek Direct (real-time)Estimation of occupational dust exposure 1,277 Project relies on the outcomes of HEALTH 604 that has been problematic this far. No electronictechnicians on the team. CVs of the project team not up to date. Requested revision was notdone

D

HEALTH 707 * Ingwe Coal Possible pathophysiological cause for accidents in the miningindustry

400 Unsolicited proposal (R0.58 million). Too many cofounders to the research. Research wouldprovide inconclusive results

D

HEALTH 708 * Infotox Identification of health hazards in mineral processing plants relatingto chronic exposure to low levels of carbon monoxide

235 Not motivated strongly. An unsolicited proposal. Not identified as part of the SIMHEALTHresearch strategy. Proposal uses the same methodology as HEALTH 603. Possibly identify it asa research need for the next research year

B

HEALTH 710 * Miningtek Handbook on Dust control 1,046 Research has been done before and will be covered in a chapter in current OH manual of projectHEALTH 612

D

HEALTH 712 * Miningtek Educational material highlighting the synergistic effects of silicosis,tuberculosis & HIV

1,005 Education and not research. The balance of the research team is problematic as neither an adulteducator nor a doctor is included. Proposal arrived after the deadline for submissions

D

HEALTH 713 * Miningtek Promote the implementation of effective means to reduce the currentincidence of noise-induced hearing impairment

960 Unsolicited proposal. Revision of the guideline has already been undertaken. Not research.Proposal arrived after the deadline for submissions

D

HEALTH 714 * Miningtek Develop criteria for noise reduction policy, with guidelines and termsof reference for an Industry Standing Committee on Noise &associated working groups

352 Unsolicited proposal. Revision of the guideline has already been undertaken and proposal needsto have industry buy-in before approval. Proposal arrived after the deadline for submissions

D

Coal: Recommended for inclusion in Programme

ProjectNumber


Cost(kR)incl.VAT


Continuation ProjectsCOL 613 Itasca In-loco inspection of current roof falls to determine causes 714 Continuation approved. A

New Projects for 2000COL 701(Rev)

Miningtek Best practice inertisation strategy for inbye area of underground fierycollieries

811 Revised proposal; price has been cut from R1,265.7 to R 800k. Approved by SIMRAC 29/2/00. A

COL 702(Rev)

Itasca Current practice & guidelines for the safe design of water barrierpillars

680 Revised proposal; includes geotechnical analysis of reaction of acid water on the break-down ofcoal. Approved by SIMRAC 29/2/00.

A

COL 703(Rev)

ISSG System to provide early warning of roof falls prior to supportinstallation

200 Preference for ISSG proposal. Approved by SIMRAC 29/2/00. A

COL 704(Rev)

RMT Suitable long tendon (2.5m - 15m) technologies & practices 450 Includes sub-contract work by Miningtek on technology transfer to local practitioners. Approvedby SIMRAC 29/2/00.

A

COL709*(Rev)

Miningtek Development of a method to estimate coal pillar loading 850 Unsolicited proposal.. Revised proposal preferred; two phased work. Approved by SIMRAC29/2/00.

A

44

COL 713 * Grootegeluk Combustion of backfilled areas on coal mines 230 Approved by SIMRAC 29/2/00.

COL 714 * LGI Quantify noise emmissions from coal mining machines 100 Approved by SIMRAC 29/2/00. A

Coal: Not recommended for inclusion in Programme

ProjectNumber


Cost(kR)incl.VAT


COL 701 b Turgis Tech To develop best practice inertisation strategy for inbye area ofunderground fiery collieries

681.7 Revised proposal. Miningtek proposal preferred. D

COL 702 a CSIR Current practice & guidelines for the safe design of water barrierpillars

871 Itasca proposal preferred. D

COL 703 a Rock Mech.Tech

Pre-feasibility investigation of system to provide early warning of rooffalls prior to support installation

253.5 ISSG proposal preferred. D

COL 703 c CSIR Pre-feasibility investigation of system to provide early warning of rooffalls prior to support installation

491.4 ISSG Proposal preferred D

COL 703 d Itasca Pre-feasibility investigation of system to provide early warning of rooffalls prior to support installation

215 ISSG Proposal preferred D

COL 704 a CSIR Suitable long tendon (2.5m - 15m) technologies and practices 752 Revised RMT proposal preferred. Includes CSIR as sub-contractor DCOL 704 b Turgis Suitable long tendon (2.5m - 15m) technologies and practices 454 Revised RMT proposal preferred D

COL 704 c Itasca Suitable long tendon (2.5m - 15m) technologies and practices 435 Revised RMT proposal preferred DCOL 704 d RMT Suitable long tendon (2.5m - 15m) technologies and practices 350 Revised. proposal preferred DCOL 705 * CSIR Risk assessment of in heading auxiliary ventilation system’s

operating parameters300 Unsolicited proposal. Work will be included under COL 701 D

COL 706 * CSIR A quantitative evaluation of the practical implementation of inheading auxiliary ventilation regulatory design criteria

300 Unsolicited proposal. Work will be included under COL 701 D

COL 707 * CSIR Field trials of new pillar strength formula 1,339 Unsolicited proposal. A duplication of previous work. D

COL 708* CSIR Rating system for coal mine roofs 1045 Unsolicited proposal. The work has been addressed in previous projects. Suggested that ISCORmining have discussions with INGWE and SASOL to address their mine-specific needs.

D

COL 710* CSIR Prediction of coal pillar life spans 898 No support; undertaken under COALTECH 2020 D

COL 711* CSIR Study of new technologies and processes to reduce the dustconcentration levels in Coal mines

308 No support. D

COL 712* ITASCA Methane rating. Development of in-section calculator for use withmethane rating system

255 No support D

45

Generic Hazards: Recommended for inclusion in Programme

ProjectNumber


Cost(kR)incl.VAT


New Projects for 2000GEN 701 AATS Survey of best practice in respect of the design, installation,

maintenance and operation of conveyor belt systems296 SIMGAP: Project topic requested by SIMCOM. Suggest proposal be revised, including mining

engineer on team and offering best practice, not draft guidelines; maximum cost of R120 000suggested. Note: reclassify as SIMCOM SIMRAC: COL & OTH levy. Approved by SIMRAC29/2/00.

A

GEN 702 Land MobilityTech.

The criteria for the safe use of commercial vehicles for thetransportation of personnel in the underground environment

176 SIMGAP: Project topic requested by SIMCOM. Sound proposal offering more than required inoriginal scope, but at competitive price. Recommended. Note: Reclassify as SIMCOM.SIMRAC: COL & OTH levy. Approved by SIMRAC 29/2/00.

A

GEN 703 SRK Methodology for the safe cleaning and making safe of various height(10m - 35m) highwalls

666 SIMGAP: Not applicable to gold/platinum mining. SIMRAC: COL & OTH levy. Approved bySIMRAC 29/2/00.

A

GEN 705 Miningtek Ranging open path remote flammable gas detection/monitoringdevice

585 SIMHEALTH: CSIR has the necessary expertise in Dr Kononov. The committee noted it wasimportant to keep expertise within the country. The committee was impressed with the cuttingedge technology proposed by Dr Kononov and the presentation. SIMRAC: GEN levy. Approvedby SIMRAC 29/2/00.

A

GEN 708 Resolicit A holistic strategy to develop an involvement (supportive) culture inindustry and on the mines that is conducive to empowered andsafety-committed employees and officials who reveal a zerotolerance attitude and behaviour, on a sustainable basis, of unsafebehaviour, processes and technology

355 SIMHEALTH: Unsolicited proposal. Lacked labour involvement. Not part of the SIMHEALTHresearch strategy. To be referred directly to SIMRAC. SIMRAC: Project requested by Council.Provision made of R355k. Gazette project to obtain other researchers. Outputs to be specified.Input requested from all sub-committees. GEN levy. Approved by SIMRAC 29/2/00.

A

Generic Hazards: Not recommended for inclusion in Programme

ProjectNumber


Cost(kR)incl.VAT


GEN 701a Knight Piesold Survey of best practice in respect of the design, installation,maintenance and operation of conveyor belt systems

258 SIMGAP: GEN701c preferred. Not supported. D

GEN 701b TurgisTechnologies

Survey of best practice in respect of the design, installation,maintenance and operation of conveyor belt systems


GEN 701d LGI Survey of best practice in respect of the design, installation,maintenance and operation of conveyor belt systems


GEN 702 a Knight Piesold The criteria for the safe use of commercial vehicles for thetransportation of personnel in the underground environment

374 SIMGAP: Project topic requested by SIMCOM. Good proposal showing practical approach, butGEN702c preferred.

D

GEN 702 b ITASCA Africa The criteria for the safe use of commercial vehicles for thetransportation of personnel in the underground environment

259 SIMGAP: Project topic requested by SIMCOM. Proposed methodology considered shallow, andproposed team lacks relevant experience.

D

GEN 702 d LGI The criteria for the safe use of commercial vehicles for thetransportation of personnel in the underground environment

355 SIMGAP: Project topic requested by SIMCOM. Good proposal technically, but proposed teamlacks practical experience and costs high.

D

46

GEN 702 e TurgisTechnology

The criteria for the safe use of commercial vehicles for thetransportation of personnel in the underground environment

317 SIMGAP: Project topic requested by SIMCOM. Methodology unclear. Other proposals preferred. D

GEN 703 a ITASCA Africa Methodology for the safe cleaning and making safe of various height(10m - 35m) highwalls

451 SIMGAP: Not applicable to gold/platinum mining D

GEN 703 c University ofPretoria

Methodology for the safe cleaning and making safe of various height(10m - 35m) highwalls

706 SIMGAP: Not applicable to gold/platinum mining D

GEN 704 a (i) RMT Develop a non-destructive testing method for establishing theintegrity of roof bolts/rock reinforcing units

720 SIMGAP: Presentation given on 12/1/2000. Researcher to be asked whether project will includetesting of shepherds crooks. Employers and State supports RMT. Await outcome from Australia& JK Centre. Project put on hold by SIMGAP & SIMCOM 17/2/00

D

GEN 704 a (ii) RMT Develop a non-destructive testing method for establishing theintegrity of roof bolts/rock reinforcing units

503 SIMGAP: Presentation given on 12/1/2000. Researcher to be asked whether project will includetesting of shepherds crooks. Note: SIMCOM requested re-scoping of project. . Project put onhold by SIMGAP & SIMCOM 17/2/00

B

GEN 704 c University ofPretoria

Develop a non-destructive testing method for establishing theintegrity of roof bolts/rock reinforcing units

713 SIMGAP: Presentation given on 12/1/2000. Note: SIMCOM requested re-scoping of project. .Project put on hold by SIMGAP & SIMCOM 17/2/00

B

GEN 704 e AATS Develop a non-destructive testing method for establishing theintegrity of roof bolts/rock reinforcing units

850 SIMGAP: Presentation given on 12/1/2000. Note: SIMCOM requested re-scoping of project. .Project put on hold by SIMGAP & SIMCOM 17/2/00

B

GEN 704 b TurnberryProjects

Develop a non-destructive testing method for establishing theintegrity of roof bolts/rock reinforcing units

1,012 SIMGAP: GEN704a, c & e preferred. Not supported. B

GEN 704 d CSIR Develop a non-destructive testing method for establishing theintegrity of roof bolts/rock reinforcing units

778 SIMGAP: GEN704a, c & e preferred. Not supported B

GEN 704 f ISSI Develop a non-destructive testing method for establishing theintegrity of roof bolts/rock reinforcing units


GEN 704 g CSIR Develop a non-destructive testing method for establishing theintegrity of roof bolts/rock reinforcing units


GEN 705 b ITASCA Africa Ranging open path remote flammable gas detection/monitoringdevice

773 SIMGAP: Not reviewed. Not recommended by SIMENG. SIMHEALTH: Not enough experience infield

D

GEN 706 * LHA Enhanced technology transfer mediated by information andcommunication technology (I & CT) and organisational development

1,576 SIMGAP: Noted that this proposal is for review by SIMRAC. D

GEN 707 * TurgisTechnology

Comprehensive strategy encompassing training, certification anddevelopment of employment equity programmes for engineeringemployees

768 SIMGAP: Refer to MQA D

GEN 708 * PotchefstroomUniversity

A holistic strategy to develop an involvement (supportive) health andsafety culture in industry

355 SIMGAP: Noted that SIMHEALTH recommendations will be offered to SIMRAC D

GEN 709 * ITASCA Africa Evaluate the use of probes with flammable gas detectors 210 SIMGAP: Not reviewed. Not recommended by SIMENG. SIMHEALTH: Unsolicited proposal.DME requiring assistance with testing to detect roof layering. Could be part of next year’sprogramme, call for other proposals form other researchers

D

GEN 710 * Ergotech A pilot study for the implementation of ergonomics in the SouthAfrican mining industry

314 SIMGAP: Refer to MRAC. SIMHEALTH: The ergonomics strategy done by the same researcherneeds to be considered before the proposal can be considered and accepted. Method ofresearch too vague

D

47

Attachment 4

Project evaluation guidelinesCostingIt is imperative that the costing of project proposals be evaluated to ensure that irregular andanomalous items and costs are queried during the adjudication phase. To facilitate this, acomparison with other concurrent proposals and previously commissioned projects must be usedto assess the cost. Special attention must therefore be given to the reasons for:

! the acquisition of expensive, customised equipment, especially for projects with a short duration;

! purchasing of computer systems, peripherals and maintenance;

! overseas travelling and attendance at conferences;

! unrealistic cumulative allocation of work-days for team members;

! depreciation costs for non-SIMRAC assets;

! non-market related professional charge rates;

! unspecified diverse expenses;

! inclusion of costly overseas-based experts and facilitators, and

! expensive seminar, workshop, publication and textbook costs.

The guideline depicted in Table 4.1 can be used to assist in the moderation of cost of projectproposals.

Table 4.1

A guideline of contract costs (basis year: 1999) (Costs are in R’000/ work-year [250 days], exclusive of VAT, forward cover and capital equipment)

Type of project

Researchcomponent

Desktop

study

Investigativesurvey

Simulation& modelling

Instrumentation& monitoring

Fundamentalresearch

Literaturesurveys

X X X X X

Interviews &workshops

X X X X

Computationalanalyses

X X X

Data capture &processing

X X

Experimentation

& development

X

Project costguideline

300 350 400 450 500

The average total cost per workday for projects that started in 1999 is approximately R2 400. Thevariation between different contract agencies is approximately 15 per cent. In general, universitiesare the least expensive and private consultancy firms the most expensive to contract. Chargerates for different personnel categories are subject to large variations due to the method of project

48

cost discounting that is used. (See Table 4.2). Daily charge rates for selected contractors haveescalated to R7 000 per day for 2000.

Table 4.2

Example of charge rates for different job categories for 1999

Designation Rate (R/day)Managing director 3 900 to 4 900

Programme manager 3 400 to 4 800

Technical consultant 3 300 to 4 000

Thrust manager 3 000 to 3 800

Research engineer 2 600 to 3 200

Project manager 2 400 to 2 900

Programmer 2 000 to 2 500

Research scientist 1 800 to 2 200

Technician 1 200 to 1 500

Assistant 600 to 800

49

Safety in Mines Research Advisory CommitteeProject proposal evaluation score sheet

Project number :……………………………….…..………….

Research agency/ Researcher :………………………………………

Date of evaluation :………………………………….……………

Evaluated by :…………………………………………..…...

Criterion Max.score

Actualscore

Remarks

Proficiency (capability) ofProject leader & team members• formal qualifications• knowledge of relevant H&S

issues in mining industry• experience in conducting

research in this area• balance of team composition

and competencies

55

5

5

Resources and facilitiesavailable (capacity) 10

Technical/ epidemiologicalapproach and research methods• appropriate study design• power and representivity (e.g.

sample strategy and size)• technical methods (tests etc)• intended analysis of results• ethical issues, limitations and

biases addressed/ minimised

55

555

Research outputs• appropriate format• usefulness• potential impact• technology transfer

5555

Capacity Building• development or enhancement

of research capacity• training for sustained

application of relevanttechniques in mine service

• enhancement of educationalopportunities (promotion ofdisadvantaged groups)

5

5

5

Costing• Realistic budget• Value -for -cost

55

Total scores 100

Recommendation

50

Attachment 5

SIMRAC reference documentsThe documents listed are available as stand-alone templates, informational and referencedocuments in paper and electronic format. Electronic versions of documents can be downloadedfrom the SIMRAC website (http://www.SIMRAC.co.za) and the SIMPROSS intranet site(http://www.simpross.co.za)

Details of SIMRAC reference documents

Number Document title Revision Sizes

01 A reference manual of policies, procedures, guidelines anddecisions for committees

9/99 3,5Mb; 160p

02 Terms of reference for SIMRAC 3/99 40Kb, 3p

03 Terms of reference for SIMGAP 3/99 40Kb, 3p

04 Terms of reference for SIMCOM 3/99 40Kb, 3p

05 Terms of reference for SIMHEALTH 3/99 40Kb, 3p

06 Terms of reference for Expert Panels 3/99 40Kb, 3p

07 Terms of reference for SIMPROSS 3/99 40Kb, 3p

08 Research plans for SIMHEALTH 6/99 600Kb; 12p

09 Research plans for SIMROCK 6/99 600Kb; 12p

10 Research plans for SIMENG 6/99 600Kb; 12p

11 Example of SIMRAC Newsletter 9/99 600Kb; 4p

12 Invitation to submit project proposals 9/99 3p

13 Project contract agreement 9/99 3p

14 Example of Request for Proposal 9/99 2p

15 Template for project proposal submissions 6/99 5p

16 Details of completed and current SIMRAC projects current 5p

17 Project proposal evaluation score sheet 4/97 1p

18 Final project audit sheet 8/98 1p

19 Pro-forma guide for compiling final project reports 3/99 1,2Mb; 80p

20 Pro-forma guide for compiling project progress reports 3/98 15p

21 Quarterly project payment status report 10/99 6p

22 Example of SIMPROSS annual budget items 10/99 1p

23 List of SIMRAC patents, facilities and assets current 2p

24 Selected SIMRAC policy decisions since 1994 Current 5p

25 Evaluation of ethic conformance of proposals 2/2000 3p

51

Attachment 6SIMRAC levies for different commodities for 1999/2000

Commodity Number of Mines Total levy (R)Total 520 44 547 109Gold 104 26 906 149Coal 88 8 447 545Platinum group metals 22 5 169 942Diamonds 47 1 257 031Chrome 21 548829Iron-ore 6 344 489Copper 4 344 314Clay 29 216 755Granite dimension stone 18 101 485Limestone 27 88 864Quartzite 21 88 065Titanium 1 82 363Phosphates 1 73 981Silica 8 72 638Sand 15 68 113Manganese 8 57 615Shale 5 56 127Antimony 1 51 422Gas and condensate 3 48 070Granite 11 46 767Zinc 2 42 874Vanadium 2 41,997Slate dimension stone 3 41 053Andalusite 5 33 314Asbestos 2 31 141Magnesite 2 30 560Dolerite 13 27 966Salt 8 27 278Silicon-metal 2 26 720Malmesbury Hornfels 4 24 989Ilmenite 4 24 539Dolomite 3 20 024Felsite 1 18 520Nepheline 1 18 392Quartzite dimension 1 17850Ferrochrome 1 10 786Fluorspar 2 6 744Feldspar 3 6 322Vermiculite 1 3 481Flintclay 2 3 347Dwyka 3 3 255Kaolin 1 2 697Norite 2 1 977Andesite 2 1 853Fireclay 2 1 802Gypsum 1 1 496Pyrophyllite 1 1 288Bentonite 2 1 201Mica 1 915Montmorillonite 1 810Talc 1 810Calcite 1 507

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