experiencein growingof woody biomassfromplantations ‐r&d … · clones, tartu region ......
TRANSCRIPT
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Experience in growing of woodybiomass from plantations ‐ R&D and
practice
Mindaugas Šilininkas
Euromediena group,
THE XXX EURAGRI CONFERENCE
Biomass as a raw material will play a key role in new bio‐based economy
But who comes first – demand or supply?
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Plantations for Woody Biomass Supply in Lithuania
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
0,9 1,1 1,72,5 3 3,4
0,50,65
1,52,8
3,2
5,5
7,17,2
Hybrid aspen
Poplar
Willow
Thousand ha
Target 6‐10dmt/ha/a
Willow (Salix) plantations
• First plantations established more than 10 years ago
• Initially establishment costs compensated through RDP measures
• Initial experience was not successful – lack of knowledge, limited infrastructure and market
• Since 2013 only German investor establishes 500 ha of new plantations annually with clones from Swedish breeding program
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Hybrid aspen plantations
• Breeding program initiated 30 years ago
• Identified potential through technology platform – 7 years ago
• Started as R&D project (for micro‐propagation and seedling growing) by Euromediena company
• Market supported through RDP aforestration measure – over 7 thousand ha area is established
• Lithuanian, Swedish, Finnish and Latvian clones planted
• Rotation – 15‐20 years, yield – 20‐25 cub m/ha/a
• Discontinued in late 2015 due to policy changes
2000 ha (established after storm in 2005) 1100 ha (from 1999)
1000 ha (1997‐2003)
7100 ha
500 ha (from 2003)
Lithuania leads in hybrid aspen plantations
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6 years Lithuanian clones, Anyksciai region , Lithuania, 2016
10 years old Finnish clones, Tartu region Estonia, 2011
Poplar plantations
• Started as R&D project (by SLU, Swetree and Euromediena funded by EU Eurostars program)
• Over 30 poplar clones from Italy, Sweden and Germany tested, 6 different types of seedlings tested
• 5‐6 year rotation, density 1600 plants/ha, targeted yield 10 dmt/ha/a
• Diversified sales market
• Vulnerable to climate change/droughts
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Poplar plantation establishmentestablishment
1 year
2 year 3 year
Waste as fertilizer
• Plantations established on marginal/less suitable for agriculture land have lower yields
• Municipal water treatment sludge and biomass ashes can be used as fertilizers to compensate shortage of nutrients and improve yields
• There is no solution on the final usage/treatment of sludge
• The size of established biomass plantations is sufficient to utilize all the sludge for their fertilization
• Additional revenues may be ensured to biomass growers from phytoremediation services
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Towards biosolid’s fertilization
• EU funding allowed to modernize water treatment facilities – after anaerobic digestion 85% of country’s sludge is being dried and granulated
• Municipal water treatment sludge “bio‐char”:– 90‐95% dry matter
– 60‐65% carbon
– 5%N and 2%P
– No pathogens
– Heavy metal content – according EU Sludge regulation
• Sludge “bio‐char” has transportation, spreading and very important “no‐smell” advantage
How to fertilizes growing plantations?
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Prospects for biomass plantations are unclear
• New, unknown culture to farmers
• No infrastructure
• Long rotation
• High initial investment, cash inflow after 4‐5 years
• Economy of scale is needed
• High harvesting and transportation costs
• Low prices
• Demand is week and prospects unclear
Demand for Woody Biomass?
Wood processing industryEnergy sector
Bio‐based industry
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Uses of Woody Biomass (2013)
7,8 mil m37,8 mil m3
2,0 mil m32,0 mil m3
3,6 mil m33,6 mil m3
0,4 mil m30,4 mil m3
1 mil m31 mil m3
import
Forest biomass
Non‐forest biomass
Sources Uses
export
Industry
3,2 mil m33,2 mil m3
Biomass energy
2 mil m32 mil m3
Products: sawnwood& wood panels
Forest Roundwood Sustainable Supply Prospects
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
2011‐2020 2021‐2030
3,93 4,19
3,584,15
Private forests
State owned forests
+ forest residues0,7‐1,2 mill. m3
8,34
Source: State forestry service
7,61
mill. m3
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Biomass Energy Prospects
• Background – heating sector• Sufficient biomass resources
to be 100% green in heating sector including CHPs
• Government “addicted to” imported natural gas
• Climate change impact• No ambitious targets ‐ the only
biomass to energy project under consideration – Vilnius CHP – potential additional usage of biomass 0,8 mill. m3/a
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
22
2733
45
61,3
Biomass share in centralized heating supply, %
Biomass vs. natural gas prices
190192186166171173172184
191197201210211185195184182180187199199197
214202199163117114110106
137133139146153133145133
558546545533528524514507511504503494495495
426426432440452444436427
520499504480492496495471469
498523514521520520520
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
veeb
r.09
apr.09
juuni.0
9
aug.09
okt.09
dets.09
veeb
r.10
apr.10
juuni.1
0
aug.10
okt.10
dets.10
veeb
r.11
apr.11
juuni.1
1
aug.11
okt.11
dets.11
veeb
r.12
EUR/t.o.e.
Source: Lithuanian heat suppliers association
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Wood Processing Industry Prospects
• Background ‐ vertically integrated wood based panel and furniture industries
• The key driver – cooperation with IKEA:– fifth place in the total IKEA’s purchases
list (with 4% of total purchases)
– second place for woody biomass material sourcing to IKEA products
• Investment into new wood based panel and furniture cluster under consideration may require additional 0,5‐0,7 million m3 wood resources by 2019‐2020
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Future of Bio‐based Industry in Lithuania may be in …
• Advanced biofuels: very much policy dependant and under heavy pressure of oil prices
• High value added bio‐plastics (PET) value chain:– Based on abundant agro
biomass residues (straw) plus 10‐15% woody biomass input
– Lithuania’s production totals 18% of total EU PET market
Plastipack; 4%
Invista; 2%
M&G; 8%
Novapet; 9%
NEO Group; 11%
Indorama Lithuania;
7%
Other Indorama;
25%
Artenius; 21%
Equipolymers; 13%
EU PET producers
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Agricultural Biomass Availability ‐Straw
• In 2015 cereals and rapeseed yield and area totaled 6,5 million tons (with 60% wheat share) and 1,6 million ha
• Total over 5 million dmt/year straw produced
• Theoretical availability of straw for processing – 2 million dmt/year, realistic – 50% of theoretical one, i.e. 25% of total straw produced
21Unlocking advanced biofuels
3,71
5,295,03
5,62
6,5
1,31 1,42 1,47 1,5
0,00,51,01,52,02,53,03,54,04,55,05,56,06,57,0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Cereal and rapeseed production, million t
Cereal and rapeseed crop area, million ha
What is Needed For Further Development
• Biomass availability (in place)
• Technology (may be imported)
• Business case (difficult in competition with oil, but may be driven by market leaders policy)
• Policy (local and EU level)
• Funding (not available)
• View of society (knows too little)
• Industry/market (in place)
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Next step
• Project ADVBIOFUELSBSR is being developed for Interreg Baltic Sea region program financing (concept already approved)
• The aim of the project is to initiate sustainable transport fuel ‐ advanced biofuel from abundant local biomass and/or waste streams ‐ production in Baltic Sea Region (BSR) countries ‐ Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia – with assistance Danish and Swedish partners
Thank you for attention