exadata database technical overview

8/4/2019 Exadata Database Technical Overview

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Oracle Exadata Database MachineTechnical Overview

Copyright 2010, Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates


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Copyright 2010, Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates 2

Best Machine for Data Warehousing

Best Machine for OLTP

Best Machine for Database Consolidation

Unique Architecture Makes it

Fastest, Lowest Cost

Exadata Database MachineBest Platform to Run the Oracle Database


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Exadata in the MarketplaceRapid adoption in all geographies and industries



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Standardized and Simple to Deploy

All Database Machines are the same Delivered ready-to-run

Tested

Highly supportable

No unique configuration issues

Identical to config used by Oracle Engineering

Runs existing OLTP and DW applications

Full 30 years of Oracle DB capabilities

No Exadata certification required

Leverages Oracle ecosystem

Skills, knowledge base, people, partners

Deploy in Days,Not Months



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Start Small and GrowField Upgradeable


Oracle Exadata X2-2 Oracle Exadata X2-8

QuarterHalf

Full, Multi-Rack

Multi-RackFull-Rack


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Exadata Hardware Architecture

Database Grid Intelligent Storage Grid

InfiniBand Network

Redundant 40Gb/s switches

Unified server & storagenetwork

14 High-performance low-cost

storage servers

8 Dual-processor x64

database servers

OR

2 Eight-processor x64database servers

Scaleable Grid of industry standard servers for Compute and Storage

Eliminates long-standing tradeoff between Scalability, Availability, Cost

100 TB High Speed disk, or336 TB High Capacity disk

5.3 TB PCI Flash

Data mirrored acrossstorage servers



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Exadata Storage Server Building Block

High-performance storage server built fromindustry standard components

12 disks - 600 GB 15000 RPM HighPerformance SAS or 2TB 7200 RPM HighCapacity SAS

2 Six-Core Intel Xeon Processors (L5640)

Dual ported 40 Gb/sec InfiniBand

4 x 96 GB Flash Cards

Intelligent Exadata Storage Server Software

Hardware by Sun

Software by Oracle



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Exadata Database Machine X2-2 Full RackPre-Configured for Extreme Performance

X2-8

Full Rack

X2-2

Full Rack

X2-2

Half Rack

X2-2

Quarter Rack

Database Server

Sun Fire X4170 M2for X2-2

Sun Fire X4800 for

X2-8

128 Cores(64 per server)

2 TB memory(1 TB per server)

16 x 10GbE ports(8 per server)


768 GB memory(96 GB per server)








Storage Server14 Exadata Storage

Servers14 Exadata Storage



Servers

InfiniBand Switch

36 Ports at 40Gb/sec

3 3 3 2

1 Admin Cisco Ethernet switchKeyboard, Video, Mouse (KVM) hardware (for X2-2 Only)Redundant Power Distributions Units (PDUs)


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Raw Disk DataBandwidth

High Perf 25 GB/s 25 GB/s 12.5 GB/s 5.4 GB/s

High Cap 14 GB/s 14 GB/s 7 GB/s 3 GB/s

Raw Flash Data Bandwidth 50 GB/s 50 GB/s 25 GB/s 11 GB/s

Disk IOPS High Perf 50,000 50,000 25,000 10,800

High Cap 25,000 25,000 12,500 5,400

Flash IOPS 1,000,000 1,000,000 500,000 225,000

Data Load Rate 5 TB/hr 5 TB/hr 2.5 TB/hr 1 TB/hr


Exadata Capacity And PerformanceX2-8

Full Rack

X2-2

Full Rack

X2-2

Half Rack

X2-2

Quarter Rack

Raw Disk High Perf 100 TB 100 TB 50 TB 21 TBHigh Cap 336 TB 336 TB 168 TB 72 TB

Raw Flash 5.3 TB 5.3 TB 2.6 TB 1.1 TB

User Data(assuming no

compression)

High Perf 28 TB 28 TB 14 TB 6 TB

High Cap 100 TB 100 TB 50 TB 21 TB


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Exadata Storage Software Unique Features

Exadata Smart Scans 10X or greater reduction in data sentto database servers

Exadata Storage Indexes Eliminate unnecessary I/Os

Hybrid Columnar Compression Efficient compression increases

effective storage capacity andincreases user data scan bandwidthsby a factor of up to 10X

Exadata Smart Flash Cache Breaks random I/O bottleneck by

increasing IOPs by up to 20X

Doubles user data scan bandwidths

I/O Resource Manager (IORM)

Enables storage grid by prioritizingI/Os to ensure predictableperformance

Quality of Service (QoS) Actively meet and maintain SLAs

Memory Guard to protect existingcurrent transactions from memory-based failures




Simple Query Example

ExadataStorage Grid

SUM

Optimizer

ChoosesPartitions andIndexes toAccess

10 TB scanned

1 GB returned to servers

OracleDatabase Grid

What were mysales yesterday?

Selectsum(sales)whereDate=24-Sept

Scan compressedblocks inpartitions/indexes

Retrieve salesamounts forSept 24


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Exadata Intelligent Storage

Exadata storage servers also run more complexoperations in storage

Join filtering

Incremental backup filtering

I/O prioritization

Storage Indexing Database level security

Offloaded scans on encrypted data

Data Mining Model Scoring

10x reduction in data sent to DB serversis common

ExadataIntelligent Storage

Grid




Exadata Storage IndexTransparent I/O Elimination with No Overhead

Exadata Storage Indexes maintain summaryinformation about table data in memory

Store MIN and MAX values of columns

Typically one index entry for every MB of disk

Eliminates disk I/Os if MIN and MAX can nevermatch where clause of a query

Completely automatic and transparent

A B C D

1

35

5

8

3

Min B = 1Max B =5

Table Index

Min B = 3Max B =8

Select * from Table where B


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Exadata Smart Flash CacheExtreme Performance OLTP & DW

5X More I/Os than1000 Disk Enterprise

Storage Array

Exadata has 5 TB of flash

56 Flash PCI cards avoid diskcontroller bottlenecks

Intelligently manages flash

Smart Flash Cache holds hot data

Avoids large scan wipe-outs of cache

Gives speed of flash, cost of disk

Exadata flash cache achieves:

Over 1 million IO/sec from SQL (8K)

Sub-millisecond response times



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Fastest Disk Throughput

Much Faster with Flash

50 TB of data fits in Flash

Using 10x Query Compression

Effective Query Throughput on

compressed data is even higher Hundreds of GB/sec

10

20

25

TeradataNetezzaTwinFin 12

Exadata

Query ThroughputGB/sec Uncompressed DataSingle Rack

Flash

Disk

Faster than DW Appliances75 GB/sec!

Flash

2650 4600

< 38

Disk

Disk


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2.5

9

< 6

11 ???

25

IBM

XIV

NetApp

6080

IBM

DS8700

Hitachi

USP V

EMC

VMAX

Exadata

V2

Exadata is fastest

and scales with more racks

Storage Arrays already cant

deliver disk bandwidth

No extra bandwidth from Flash

No CPU offload

No Columnar Compression

No InfiniBand

Storage Data Bandwidth(Uncompressed GB/sec)

Fla

sh

Faster than High End Arrays

Disk

Exadata

V2

75 GB/sec!

1 RackMultiple Racks


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Exadata Hybrid Columnar Compression

Highest Capacity, Lowest Cost

Data is organized and compressed by column Dramatically better compression

Speed Optimized Query Mode for DataWarehousing

10X compression typical Runs faster because of Exadata offload!

Space Optimized Archival Mode forinfrequently accessed data

15X to 50X compression typical

Quer

y

Faster and Simpler

Backup, DR, Caching,Reorg, Clone

Benefits Multiply



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Exadata CompressionReduce Disk Space Requirements

3x

10x 15x

1.4x

2.5x

UncompressedData

Data WarehouseAppliances

OLTPData

DWData

ArchiveData

Oracle

OracleHybridColumnarCompression

OracleAdvancedCompression


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More Data Capacity

Exadata10x Compression

Teradata 26501.4x Compression(block compression is archival)

Netezza TwinFin

2x to 4x Compression

EMC VMAX3x Oracle Compression

Equivalent Capacity SystemsAll with Largest Disks,

Best Compression

4X

3X

7X

41X for 4600flash appliance


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Benefits Multiply with Compression

1 TB withcompression

10 TB of user data

Requires 10 TB ofIO

100 GB with partitionpruning

20 GB with StorageIndexes 5 GB Smart Scan onMemory or Flash

Sub second

On Database

Machine

Data is 10x Smaller, Scans are 2000x faster


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Exadata I/O Resource ManagementMixed Workloads and Multi-Database Environment

Ensure different databases areallocated the correct relative amount ofI/O bandwidth

Database A: 33% I/O resources

Database B: 67% I/O resources

Ensure different users and tasks withina database are allocated the correctrelative amount of I/O bandwidth

Database A:

Reporting: 60% of I/O resources

ETL: 40% of I/O resources

Database B: Interactive: 30% of I/O resources

Batch: 70% of I/O resources

Exadata Cell

InfiniBand Switch/Network

Database A Database B

Exadata Cell Exadata Cell



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Oracle Database 11g Release 2Resource Manager Instance Caging Ideal for Exadata

More flexible alternativeto server partitioning

Wider platform supportthan operating system

resource managers

Lower administrationoverhead thanvirtualization

Set CPU_COUNT perinstance and enableresource manager

Instance A

Instance B

Instance C

Instance D

Sum of cpu_counts

8

12

16 Total Number

of CPUs = 16

4


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Exadata Storage Management & Administration

Enterprise Manager

Manage & administer Database and ASM

Monitor the Exadata Database Machine Hardware

Plug-ins to monitor the Exadata Storage Cells and othercomponents in the Database Machine

Auto Service Request (ASR) File SRs automatically for common hardware faults

Comprehensive CLI

Local Exadata Storage cell management

Distributed shell utility to execute CLI across multiple cells Embedded Integrated Lights Out Manager (ILOM)

Remote management and administration of hardware


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Exadata Database MachineIdeal Database Platform

Best for Data Warehousing

Best for OLTP

Best for Database Consolidation

Hybrid ColumnarCompression

IntelligentStorage Grid

Fastest, Lowest Cost

Smart FlashCache

Business answers in seconds, not hours

HardwareDecryption



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exadata database technical overview

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