o Types, Benefits, Uses o Latest Lighting Technologieso The Perfect Lighting Solutiono Ratings and Approvals

Everything You Want to Know About Lighting and More!

This Lighting Presentation includes:

• Halogen lights• LED Lights• Other lighting technologies• Ratings and approvals• Selecting the appropriate light• New lights

Halogen Lighting

Measurement of Light

• Lumens• Measurement of light in all directions - best

used for incandescent bulbs• Not an effective measurement of reflected

Light

• Foot-Candles (candela) measures light at a distance from the bulb

Measurement of Light

• Lux another effective unit of measurement of reflective light• Foot-candles can be converted to lux by the

following formula: Foot-Candles ÷ 0.0929 = Lux

• Generally speaking, foot-candles and lux are inversely proportional to the distance squared

• Example, a lux of 200 at a distance of 5 ft. from a bulb is 50 lux at a distance of 10 ft.

• If the distance is doubled the lux is reduced to ¼ of the original lux

Maximizing Light Output

• Filament must be at focal point of reflector to maximize light

• Intention is to have all light directed in a parallel manner (Figure A)

Maximizing Light Output

• Some light will be direct and angled (see Figure B)

• A typical angle of reflection for a spot is 10º

Flood Light

• Flood lighting is often desirable but will compromise efficiency

• Three ways to produce wider angle (30–35º)1. Moving filament away from reflector’s focal point2. Reflecting at angles other than parallel

(Figure C)3. More direct light (angled) will be generated

Flood Light

• Reflector designed slightly different than parabolic shape• Light reflecting at different angles

(Figure D)• Dimpled glass lens usually in

encapsulated bulb• A common example

is an outdoor floodlight

Voltage vs. Intensity

24V light produces more output than 120 or 230V

• Basic power formula: Voltage × Amperage = Wattage

• As voltage increases and wattage remains the same, amperage must be reduced

• Amperage is inversely proportional to the voltage (if wattage remains constant)

Voltage vs. Intensity

• As a result, the higher the voltage the more resistance is needed

• Higher voltage requires a longer, thinner filament – bad for reflecting

• 24V shorter, thicker filament has two benefits1. A thicker filament can burn hotter and produces a

brighter, whiter light2. A shorter filament produces more light at the

reflector’s focal point, resulting in more efficient reflections

Light vs. Heat

• Typical halogen bulb produces 15% light and 85% heat which comes from invisible IR

• There are 3 ways to reduce the IR light (or heat) from a light source…

Light vs. Heat

First Way to reduce the IR light from a light source

1. Cool beam bulb• Allows IR light to pass through reflector• Not 100% effective as non-reflected

(direct) light has IR

Light vs. Heat

Second Way to reduce the IR light from a light source

2. IR mirror• Placed opposite reflector, reflects the IR

back• Only allows visible light to pass through

Light vs. Heat

Third Way to reduce the IR light from a light source

3. IR filter• Placed opposite reflector, absorbs IR• Allows visible light to pass

Halogen Bulb Types

LED Lighting(Light Emitting Diodes)

LED Background

• Thomas Edison demonstrated first incandescent in 1879

• Past 40 years LED was used in niche applications• Red light was only effective option• First calculators and watches• Then signs and traffic signals

• Benefits: Improved brightness, increased applications

LED Advantages

• Long service life (5 years and improving)• Shock and vibration resistant• Smaller• Cold light output• Energy efficient (low operating costs – green

technology)

LED Advantages

• Generate directional light• Easy to control color output• Can remove potentially harmful or unwanted

radiation, such as ultraviolet or infra-red light• No maintenance

LED Future

• Energy savings• 20% electricity generated is used for lighting• LEDs could cut that amount in half• Save billions of dollars in electricity bills• Significantly reduce energy demand,

environmental pollution and greenhouse-gas emissions

• Gov’t funding to triple efficiency of white LEDs by 2025

• The days of the incandescent bulb are numbered

LED ComparisonLED Cool Light Halogen and Incandescent Lighting

Heat Generation5% of energy consumed to heat generation

85% of energy consumed to heat generation

Efficiency 55.6 lumens per watt 10 lumens per watt

Color Temperature 4800 - 6300 K temperature, approximates daylight, provides greater ground definition and less eye fatigue

2800 K Temperature approximates dusk and causes eye fatigue

Usable Pattern Emits a directional light source that can efficiently be captured and translated into the operational field

Emits a spherical light source that is very difficult to capture to the operational field

Life Filament free design Filament design that when subjected to shock and vibration causes damage and shortens bulb life (instant expiration)

Value Lower maintenance costs, better warranty coverage, lower power consumption, and longer life.

Routine maintenance, standard warranty, high power consumption, and shorter life.

Other Lighting Technologies

Lighting Alternatives

• Metal Halides (HID)• Cool burning• Consumes less power• Lasts around 10,000 hours• Produces more light at higher color

temperature• Requires a ballast• Available in ESL37, ESL39 and USL07 lights

Lighting Alternatives

• Compact Fluorescent Lights (CFL)• Requires proper disposal (mercury)• Lasts around 10,000 hours• 20-25% of energy cost compared to halogen• Difficult to reflect – not good for process

vessel lighting

Rating and Approvals

NEMA and IP Ratings

• North America Class System• Separated into 3 based on explosive characteristics

• Further separated into Divisions or Zones• Division has two levels, Zone has three levels

Explosion Proof Ratings

• Class I level of hazard depends on frequency of occurrence• Longer the material is present, the greater the risk

Explosion Proof Ratings

• Class I Groups based on explosive properties• North America has four Groups• Cenelec uses three Groups

Explosion Proof Ratings

Temperature Classes• Ignition temperature is the minimum temperature of a surface at which a

explosive atmosphere ignites• Max temp of equipment must be lower than ignition temp• See chart on next page…

Explosion Proof Ratings

Explosion Proof Ratings

NEMA Requirements for Hazardous Locations

Explosion Proof Ratings

Light Selection

• Size (for appropriate port and height restrictions)

• Weight (topple over vessel)• Voltage (Customer’s availability)• Wattage (appropriate for application)• Light Pattern (flood vs. spot)

Lighting Considerations

• Housing Material (Aluminum or stainless - corrosive atmospheres)

• Heat output (heat sensitive media)• Atmospheric conditions (wet locations, i.e. hose

down)• Location requirements (i.e. hazardous)• Inaccessible area (minimize maintenance)• Required on time (continuous vs. intermittent)

Lighting Considerations

Light Intensity Requirement• Factors to Consider• Vessel Depth• Vessel Characteristics• Reflection (polished)• Absorption (lined)

• Required viewing area• Full or empty• Wide or narrow

• Objects being viewed• Foam• Level• Residue

Light Selection Chart

Light Selection Chart

Light Distribution Chart

USL06-EX 24/50 Flood

Mounting Lights

• Light and View Combination• Half-moon type (Lumistar)• Bracket mount• Fiber optic

• Direct light mounts• Sanitary, flanged, welded• Bracket, MetaClamp, adapter, etc.

Mounting Lights

• Onto existing sight ports (i.e. cover flange) with bracket

• Visual flow indicators (bracket)• At distance from sight port (fiber optic)• Mount on side of vessel• Away from hose down area• Inside control panel

• Special mounting – if possible, we can do it

Application Selection Form

Data Sheet No. 02-0118

Lighting Options

• Lights are available in different sizes, volts and watts

• Designed for hazardous locations • For very small areas (fiber optics)• Available accessories• Momentary and permanent on/off switches

(internal and remote)• Timers (internal and remote)• Cameras for remote viewing

New Lights

• USL08LF (Lumiflex) Fiberoptic Light• Flexible Fiber Bundle• Approvals• UL 844• Class I, Div 1&2, Groups C&D

• Power Source: 120Volt• Lamp: 39 Watt Fiber Optic Bulb• Options• Mounts to Sanitary MetaClamp• Remote Timer

Explosion Proof Luminaires

Light Distribution ChartCompetitor comparison

E/USL 55-EX• Fit and Forget (Up To 50,000 Hours)• Stainless (ESL) or Aluminum (ASL) Construction• Durable – Impact and Vibration Resistant• Low Heat Output• Power Source: 12, 24, 120 & 230 Volt• Low Power Consumption• Options:• Sanitary or Bracket Mount• Momentary Switch• Continuous Use Feature

Explosion Proof Luminaires

Series USL16/36-LED• Fit and Forget (Up To 50,000 Hours)• All Stainless Steel Construction• Durable – Impact and Vibration Resistant• Cold Light Output• Power Source: 24 or 120 Volt• Low Power Consumption• Options• Sanitary or Bracket Mount• Momentary Switch• Continuous Use Feature

Non-Explosion Proof Luminaires

Series FLBP (Cordless)• Compact Design (Smallest)• All Stainless Steel Construction• Power Source: Batteries• Lamp: LED• On/Off Switch• Available with Sanitary Connection• For Portable Vessels

Non-Explosion Proof Luminaires

Series Lumi-View33• Combination Light/Sight Glass Lighting Port• All Stainless Steel Construction• Mounts to Most Existing Sight Ports• Low Heat Output• Power Source: 24 Volt• Lamp: 5 Watt LED• View/Light 1” view and greater

Non-Explosion Proof Luminaires

Series ESL39-HID (Metal Halide)• Most Powerful Light• Stainless Steel Construction• Power Source: 24 or 120 Volt• Lamp: 35 or 70 Watt HID• HID High Power 300W Halogen• Low Heat Output• One Year Continuous Use (10,000 hrs.)• Options• Wide Angle Distribution• Sanitary Connection

Non-Explosion Proof Luminaires

Series ESL39-HID (Metal Halide)• Most Powerful Light• Stainless Steel Construction• Power Source: 24 or 120 Volt• Lamp: 35 or 70 Watt HID• HID High Power 300W Halogen• Low Heat Output• One Year Continuous Use (10,000 hrs.)• Options• Wide Angle Distribution• Sanitary Connection

Non-Explosion Proof Luminaires

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