Installed production capacity Total production

Certified average greenhouse gas emission savings of renewable European ethanol compared to fossil fuel

Weighted average of the GHG emissions from the production and use of fuel ethanol have reached 28.3 gCO2eq/MJ in 2016, equivalent to 66% average certified GHG emission savings against the current fossil fuel comparator, and 70% GHG emission savings against the proposed fossil fuel comparator for the RED post-2020.Source: Aggregated and audited data of ePURE members

Since 2011 the average certified greenhouse gas emission savings of renewable ethanol against fossil fuel have increased continuously, reaching 66% in 2016.Source: Aggregated and audited data of ePURE members, compared to a fossil fuel comparator of 83.8 gCO2eq/MJ

Feedstock used to produce renewable ethanol

Renewable ethanol production by end-use

Main output of European renewable ethanol plants

Installed capacity and total production – ePURE members

In 2016, ePURE members produced 5.2 billion litres of renewable ethanol, operating at 82% of their installed capacities.Source: Aggregated and audited data of ePURE members (pure alcohol)

Weighted average certified emissions from the production and use of fuel ethanol compared to fossil fuel (gCO2eq/MJ)

Weighted average certified emission savings in %

78%

11%

11%

In 2016, ePURE members produced 5.2 billion litres of ethanol, 78% of which was for fuel use. Other markets, such as beverages and industrial applications each represented 11% of the production use.Source: Aggregated and audited data of ePURE members (pure alcohol)

Fuel 4.07 billion litres

Industrial 0.57 billion litres

Food and beverages 0.56 billion litres

11%

15%

74%

Nearly all (99.9%) feedstock used to produce renewable ethanol by ePURE members was grown in Europe.Source: Aggregated and audited data of ePURE members

Cereals 9.85 million tonnes

Sugars 1.93 million tonnes (sugar equivalent)

Ligno-cellulosic, Other RED Annex IX-A feedstock, Others 1.46 million tonnes

European renewable ethanol — key figures 2016

In 2016, ePURE members produced 5.2 billion litres of ethanol, 78% of which was for fuel use, with an average of 66% GHG savings compared to petrol and co-producing 5.5 million tonnes of co-products, of which 4 million tonnes was high-protein, GMO free animal feed. 99.9% of the crops used were grown by European farmers.

Animal feed makes up the largest share of renewable ethanol co-products produced by ePURE members. Of the 5.5 million tonnes of co-products produced in 2016, 4 million tonnes were animal feed.Source: Aggregated and audited data of ePURE members (ethanol - pure alcohol; animal feed co-products - dry matter equivalent; other co-products - commercial equivalent)

Ethanol4.13 million tonnes

Vinasse 0.51 million tonnes

CO2

0.40 million tonnes

Other non-animal feed 0.57 million tonnes

Animal feed4.05 million tonnes

Share of European renewable ethanol produced from each feedstock type

In 2016, 32% of the ethanol produced was from wheat, followed by corn (31%) and sugar (24%).Source: Aggregated and audited data of ePURE members (pure alcohol)

Wheat ethanol1.66 billion litres

Corn ethanol1.61 billion litres

Sugars-based ethanol

1.24 billion litres

Other cereals and starch-rich crops ethanol

0.44 billion litres

Ethanol from ligno-cellulosic/

Other RED Annex IX-A/

Other feedstock0.24 billion

litres

32% 31%24%

8% 5%

100

80

30

90

40

70

20

60

10

50

02009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

40.1g 41.3g 42.2g37.5g 36.4g 34.4g

30.1g 28.3g

66%64%

59%

57%55%

50%51%52%

45%

50%

55%

60%

65%

70%

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

2016 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

5.2 billion litres

6.3 billion litres

Proposed Fossil Fuel comparator RED post-2020 (94.1 gCO2eq/MJ)

Current Fossil Fuel comparator (83.8 gCO2eq/MJ)

Weighted average of the GHG emissions from the production and use of fuel ethanol

TOTAL 9,171

* Includes non-ePURE members. ePURE members account for 6.3 billion litres of total European production capacity.Source: F.O.Licht, ePURE estimates

Main countries of origin of ethanol imports into the EU

Imports of ethanol into the EUEU fuel ethanol consumption

In 2016 most of EU imports originating in the US, Russia and Brazil, which still have to pay EU import duties, were imported under Inward Processing arrangements. Source: Eurostat

Source: F.O.Licht

Bil

lio

n li

tre

s

EU ethanol imports in 2016 remained roughly at the same level as in 2015. However, countries with duty free access to the EU market further increased their overall share from 62% in 2015 to 74% in 2016Source: Eurostat, USITC, SECEX, ePURE estimates

Duty paid Duty free Inward processing

2005 2016 Jan-Jun 2017

572

Belgium

European ethanol installed production capacity

(Million litres)

162

Slovakia

2,375

France

237

Czech Rep.

1,163

Germany

985UK

858

Poland

617

Hungary

560

Netherlands

533

Spain

280

Italy

245

Sweden

240

Austria137

Romania

99

Bulgaria

42

Finland

35

Lithuania

18

Latvia

13

Ireland

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

2,000

1,400

800

1,800

1,200

600

200

1,600

1,000

400

0

1,391

269

192

182

348

552

525 370 442

1,405

826917

41914894 52

129

112

129

67

73

6379 100

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

5.45

5.34

5.19

5.36

5.525.41

5.25

4.36

Mil

lio

n li

tre

sM

illi

on

litr

es

Guatemala Peru Pakistan United States

Costa RicaRussia Bolivia Brazil Moldova Sudan

120

80

20

100

40

60

0

89

101

8

39

68

3631 33

50

38

66

48

11

28 30

5

60

27

12

49

27

1821 19

136

20

8

34

105