eskdalemuir route to a...

Eskdalemuir – Route to a solution

Mark-Paul Buckingham

Managing Director

Presentation Outline

Wind turbines

Eskdalemuir Array and Importance

2005 Report to EWG

Budget as it stands

Recent discoveries

Route to a solution

Who We Are

Xi Engineering Consultants Ltd. formed in 2011 by spinning the

Vibration & Engineering Solutions team out of Reactec Ltd.

Our focus is noise and vibration. We have provided solutions to

many sectors including:

Onshore wind and offshore wind

Tidal stream turbines

Semiconductor industries

Health and occupational safety

Construction, buildings and planning

Marine vessels and boats

Physics of Wind turbine vibrations

Multiple drivers for vibration

Wind Profile

Random fluctuations in wind

Blade pass pressure fluctuations

Rotor imbalance

Drive train imbalances

Gear meshing frequencies

Electromagnetic resonances

Turbine Vibration Modes

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200

0.001

0.002

0.003

0.004

0.005

0.006

0.007

0.008

0.009

0.01

Frequency (Hz)

z -

velo

city a

mp (

mm

s-1

)

1st Bending tower

2n

d B

endin

g

tow

er

A

2n

d B

endin

g t

ow

er

B

Tors

ion

Bla

de B

Bla

de C

Bla

de D

Breathing

Axial

High order breathing

Forced

6

Create Seismic Waves

Eskdalemuir Seismic Array (EKA) and Eskdalemuir

Unique MoD resource with unparalleled capabilities for forensic seismology

And

A region of significant wind resource for potential onshore developments

Eskdalemuir Seismic Array

9

The seismometer array at Eskdalemuir (EKA) has two arms, each of ten seismometers.

EKA became operational on the 19th May 1962.

Well Calibrated Station

Pre-dates Primary Status

Only site in the UK

Eskdalemuir Seismic Array

10

The array has recorded signals associated with about 400 nuclear explosions (up to 15,000 km away from EKA).

Kazakhstan 5,250km , 100t Chemical Pakistan 6,196km, Nuclear

Main seismic signals of interest are P waves with a frequency passsband of 0.5 – 8Hz

THERE MUST BE NO RISK TO SAFEGUARDING THE ARRAY

11

Seismic Budget defined in 2005

Based on the work of Schofield (2001) in which seismic measurements near the Stateline wind farm, Washington, USA were taken. Vestas V47

Previous work and current EKA safeguards

Variable Comment Value

r Distance of wind farm from EKA

P Power of turbines in target wind farm

N Number of turbines in target wind farm

Constants

A0 Source term - Amplitude of reference wind farm 24 nm

rref Distance of reference wind farm from measurement site 1000 m

Pref Power of turbines at reference farm 0.66 MW

Nref Number of turbines at reference wind farm 399

f Frequency of mid-point of band pass 4.5 Hz

Q Non-geometry attenuation constant 50

v Velocity of ground vibration 2000 m/s

Algorithm used to predict the amplitude of ground vibrations produced by a wind farm is then given as:

Previous work and current EKA safeguards

Agreed rationale of doubling median background noise = 0.336nm

Based on ground attenuation i.e. Ground characteristics and distance to array (80km statutory consultation zone reduced to 50km radius)

Based on interacting waveforms (10 +10 = ~14 turbines)

Based on utilisation of turbines (beneficial to developers)

Study was performed at Dun Law wind farm to verify the source term

Calculated at 4.5 Hz as this was deemed to be frequency with low noise and signals observed from wind turbines

2005 budget and current EKA safeguards

MOD perspective

2005 Model is fit for purpose

Budget Managed on a first come first served basis

Budget has been reached - MOD have periodically released the Budget tables which consist

of;

Table 1 – Developments up to the Seismic Ground Vibration Threshold ~950MW

Table 2 – MOD objections ~ 690MW

Table 3 – Withdrawn Applications ~ 150MW

No proven mitigation

Budget as it stands

Multiple Public Inquiries

2011 study was conducted on an 2.5MW machine

Discovery that Dunlaw data was processed in velocity

Geology not the same at Stateline and Eskdalemuir

When processed in displacement the largest peaks attributable to turbines is not in 4-5Hz

range

Therefore a review of the current budget tool accounting for the frequency pass band of

interest is required.

Recent Developments

Recent Developments

Power spectral density in decibels(dB) from Kelhope 1 site about 2.3 km from Dun Law wind farm. Seismic

ground vibration PSD in dB relative to velocity power in units of (m/s)2/Hz (green spectrum) and dB

relative to displacement power in units of m2/Hz (red spectrum)

Reformed EWG

Proposed study in two stages.

The purpose of Stage 0 is twofold;

1. Provide the EWG with information to determine whether it is worthwhile pursuing the

substantive Stage 1 research envisages in technical proposal Appendix A

2. Provide Valuable input to the drafting of the scope of the substantive Research in Stage

1

Stage 1 Study - Quantify the wind turbine SGV

source-term

Validation of data sets and algorithms analysed/verified/developed in Stage 0

Consider wind direction and wind speed.

Compare Craig results with Dun Law (26 times 660KW turbines) SGV data acquired in 2004, and data

presented in the Schofield (2000) report from analysis of Stateline wind farm data.

Remove background noise

Assess site effects, statistical properties of SGV data (Craig/Dun Law), and the relationship with

physical parameters of wind turbines (e.g., rated-power, tower height, blade diameter).

Develop an analytic model, based on physics as much as possible, to predict SGV from wind turbines

with robust treatment of uncertainty.

Consider whether the “utilisation” factor (currently 60% in the Styles Model) needs revisiting

Safeguarding management model/software tool.

End July stage 0 reporting – is their likely to be additional budget?

As yet undefined Stage 1 to follow

Current estimates indicate that the science may be resolved by early 2014

Policy to follow

Getting there

Contact

21

Dr Mark-Paul Buckingham

Xi Engineering Consultants

www.Xiengineering.com

[email protected]

0131 247 7580

http://www.xiengineering.com/

*Patent granted, Europe, US,

No risk to safeguarding

Xi (then Reactec) developed a mitigation technology as understood safeguarding required for the EKA

© Copyright 2013

The Aviation Challenge

Mark A Van Vogt

© Copyright 2013 © Copyright 2013

The Aviation Challenge

• Introduction.

• UK Airspace - a Finite Resource.

• Impact Upon Primary Surveillance Radar.

• MOD Perspectives.

• Conclusion.


UK Airspace - Construct

• UK Airspace - 1964/Today.

• Controlled Airspace.

• Non-controlled Airspace.


UK Controlled Airspace


UK Airways Structure 50 Years Ago

© www.wiknton.net


UK Controlled Airspace Today

© NATS


Non-controlled Airspace Users

Image Copyrights: airbus.com, MOD, civilaviation.co.uk, frogwell.com, aircardets.org, BBC, The Met Office


UK Airspace - Non-controlled Airspace


PSR Clutter and ATM

© MOD


Impact on PSR and ATM

© Jackson, C, BAE Systems.

© Copyright 2013

MOD - Air Defence

© Telegraph Media Group / MOD


MOD - Low Flying

• Political and operational landscape.

• The UK Military Low Flying System.

• Balancing the requirement for operational low

flying.

• Quality versus quantity.

• To object or not object; that is the question.

© MOD


Unlocking Capacity

Potential Ways Forward:

• Greater Cross-Government Co-operation….

• Mitigation Solution Development…

• A “Secondary” Way…


Conclusion

• UK Airspace - a Finite Resource.

• The Impact Upon Primary Surveillance Radar.

• MOD Perspectives.

SP Transmission

Delivering Infrastructure for Renewables

Colin Taylor

Head of Transmission Programmes

Large Increase in offshore & onshore wind generation

Base case investment delivers MWs and boundary capacity in line with Gone Green scenario

Increased import capacity will further enhance security of supply for Scotland

Flexibility to fund investment over and above Gone Green if required

Delivering Energy Policy

Majority of 275kV network over 40 years old

£1.3bn (~ 65%) of investment provides connections & capacity for wind generation

Strong Incentives for Delivery - By 2020 we will:

Increase transmission capacity to England to 6.6GW (now 2.8GW)

– a further 2.GW+ (ECHVDC) triggered by submission to Ofgem

Connect a further 2.5 GW of wind generation (total of 4.4GW ) to align with Gone Green

scenario - revenue driver to fund up to 7GW if required

15% of our substation assets renewed

Replaced over 800 circuit km of overhead line

– modern transformers and conductors increase transfer capability

£0.8bn (~ 35% )of investment needed to modernise the network by 2020

Significant sections of 132kV network over 60 years old

Investment Plan based on nationally agreed central scenario (Gone Green)

RIIO-T1 Overview

Meeting the Delivery Challenge

Using the latest technologies • Getting the most out of existing assets

• Installation of shunt and series capacitors

• Use of advanced inter-tripping technologies to facilitate higher transfers

• HVDC “bootstraps”

Market • Developing the capacity and capability of the supplier base

• Attracting new suppliers

• Changing the contractual model

People • Developing existing staff and recruiting staff with the necessary skills

• Significant graduate and apprentice programmes to grow our own workforce

• Increase in staff focused on transmission activities since 2011 of circa 200

Stakeholders • Government communities and landowners

• Strong focus on consents with Scottish Government

• Close liaison between SO and TOs

• More flexible approach to land rights, encourage engagement from developer at

early stage

Load-Related Projects: Strategic Upgrades

7

7

Denny North Substation

• All project consents achieved in April 2012

• Overhead line enabling works progressing to schedule

• Substation platform works at Denny North well advanced

• SHETL circuits to be commissioned late 2015

• Project complete end 2016

• Platform dimensions – 62,500 m2

• Peat excavated from site 100,000 m3 (70% deposited around

the site and 30% removed from site)

• Clay excavated from site 80,000 m3 (all of it is stored on site,

treated with lime to make it suitable for re-use on site and

used as part of the substation base).

Shunt Capacitors – MSDCN Units

• Increase Scotland-England transfer capability

without building new lines

• Units completed at Elvanfoot & Windyhill

substations will increase export capability from

2.8GW to circa 3.1GW

Capacitors

Reactors

Resistors

• Units under construction at Moffat and Longannet

will further increase export capability to 3.3GW

Moffat Substation

• New substation energised Q3 2013

• MSCDN completed end 2014

• Series compensation unit completed end 2015 as part

of 4.4 GW upgrade

• Major new 400kV substation

• Connects to Scotland-England interconnector

• Renewables generation collector substation

• Will contain MSCDN and series compensation equipment

OHL Modernisation

• Modernisation of XV Route (Strathaven/Kilmarnock South 400kV)

• Driven by condition of line

• Conductor replacement with modern equivalent increases capacity

by circa 40%

• Conductor works complete end 2013

Key Activities and Challenges for 2013

• RIIO-T1 provides a robust framework for investment

delivery

– stable mechanism to fund investment

– strong incentives on output delivery

• We have made the most of our “fast-track year”

– recruitment, market development, engineering

– good progress on project delivery

– major focus on consents

• We are committed to continuous improvement in our

engagement with all stakeholders

– TOs, SO, DNOs

– Government at all levels

– Developers

In Conclusion

Delivering Energy Policy Objectives

SHE Transmission

Programme Update

Paul Neilson

Transmission Investment Planning

2

GB TRANSMISSION WIRES OWNERSHIP

SHE Tx

SP Tx

National Grid

Electricity Transmission

NETSO

OFTO

OFTO

OFTO

OFTO

OFTO

EXISTING

NETWORK

WESTE

RN

ISLES

Sky

e

ORKN

EY

Dounrea

y Thurs

o

Ullapoo

l

Foyers

Beau

ly Keit

h Peterhe

ad

ABERDEE

N

Blackhillo

ck

Kintor

e

Elgi

n

Fraserbur

gh

DUNDE

E

Tealin

g

PERT

H

Fort

William

Oba

n

Arra

n

Mul

l

Tire

e

Col

l

Isla

y

Jura

Kirkwa

ll

Storno

way

Shi

n

Grudie

Bridge

Erroch

ty

Campbelto

wn

F. Augustus

Killin

Dunoo

n

Inverara

y

But

e

Boat of Garten

Dunbeath

Tarland

Macdu

ff

Braco

Port

Ann

Carradale

Cassle

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Cruach

an

Alness

Bonnybri

dge Windyhill

Afri

c

Nair

n

SHETLA

ND

Lerwi

ck

Key:

132kV circuit

275kV circuit

400kV circuit

M:\planning\_Transmission Development\DIAGRAMS AND GEOGRAPHICS\110425-2020-Transmission Reinforcement Strategy-Mahesh Dayal.ppt

• 1200 Contractors/Consultants

presently directly employed

• Open4business Initiative

• HVDC cable supply and

vessel constraints

• Overhead Line Framework

• Substation framework now

awarded

Supply Chain

• 250 SHE Transmission Staff – recruiting an

additional 60

• 1200 Contractors/Consultants

• 25 Overhead Line Apprenticeships per year

• 5 Technical Staff Trainees

• 5 Graduates

Resources / Skills

Summary

• 2600MW of renewables

connected since 1990 (North of Scotland)

• Over £1bn of spend committed

• Projects being delivered

• Consenting progressing well

• Focusing on the delivery of

the planned major projects

eskdalemuir route to a...

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