Erik EriksonErik Erikson

Teacher: BrianTeacher: Brian

Student: Jake SeokStudent: Jake Seok

Who is Erik Erikson?Who is Erik Erikson? Erik Erikson was an influential and pioneering psychologist Erik Erikson was an influential and pioneering psychologist

in America.in America.

He was born in Franfurt, Germany in June 15, 1902 by a He was born in Franfurt, Germany in June 15, 1902 by a young Germany woman, and her husband left her. young Germany woman, and her husband left her.

He wrote many books such as He wrote many books such as ‘‘Child and SocietyChild and Society’’

and and ‘‘Youth and Crisis.Youth and Crisis.’’

His theory is well-known as the theory of the eight His theory is well-known as the theory of the eight

psychosocial stages of development.psychosocial stages of development.

He died in May 12, 1994.He died in May 12, 1994.

BackgroundBackground

His father left him when he was born.His father left him when he was born.

He was adopted by a pediatrician, called Theodor He was adopted by a pediatrician, called Theodor Homburger.Homburger.

When he became an university student, he experienced lots When he became an university student, he experienced lots of activities with children such as tutoring them.of activities with children such as tutoring them.

Seeing Erikson's skill with children, Seeing Erikson's skill with children,

one of his teachers began one of his teachers began

mentoring him.mentoring him.

BackgroundBackground

His training, which included regular psychoanalytic His training, which included regular psychoanalytic sessions, resulted in a certificate from the Vienna sessions, resulted in a certificate from the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society. Psychoanalytic Society.

The Eight The Eight Psychosocial Stages of Development. Psychosocial Stages of Development.

‘‘People develop their individual identities separate from People develop their individual identities separate from their parents to make the transition from adolescence to their parents to make the transition from adolescence to adulthood.adulthood.’’

He said, He said, ““They need to do this before they can form an They need to do this before they can form an intimate relationship with another person.intimate relationship with another person.””

He also suggested that each stage presents a dilemma,He also suggested that each stage presents a dilemma,

in which the person is challenged by new situations in which the person is challenged by new situations

and circumstances in life.and circumstances in life.

Biological and Social Clock.Biological and Social Clock.

11stst Stage: Infancy Stage: Infancy

Birth to 18 MonthsBirth to 18 Months

Ego Development Outcome: Trust vs. MistrustEgo Development Outcome: Trust vs. Mistrust

Basic Strength: Drive and Hope.Basic Strength: Drive and Hope.

Erikson also referred to infancy as the Oral Sensory Stage Erikson also referred to infancy as the Oral Sensory Stage where the major emphasis is on the mother's positive and where the major emphasis is on the mother's positive and loving care for the child, with a big emphasis on visual loving care for the child, with a big emphasis on visual contact and touch.contact and touch.

22ndnd Stage: Early Stage: Early ChildhoodChildhood

18 Months to 3 Years18 Months to 3 Years

Ego Development Outcome: Autonomy vs. ShameEgo Development Outcome: Autonomy vs. Shame

Basic Strengths: Self-control, Courage, and Will.Basic Strengths: Self-control, Courage, and Will.

During this stage we learn to master skills for ourselves. During this stage we learn to master skills for ourselves.

33rdrd Stage: Play Age Stage: Play Age

3 Years to 5 Years3 Years to 5 Years

Ego Development Outcome: Initiative vs. GuiltEgo Development Outcome: Initiative vs. Guilt

Basic Strength: PurposeBasic Strength: Purpose

During this period we experience a desire to copy the During this period we experience a desire to copy the adults around us and take initiative in creating play adults around us and take initiative in creating play situations. situations.

44thth Stage: School Age Stage: School Age

6 to 12 Years6 to 12 Years

Ego Development Outcome: Industry vs. InferiorityEgo Development Outcome: Industry vs. Inferiority

Basic Strengths: Method and Competence.Basic Strengths: Method and Competence.

During this stage, we are capable of learning, creating and During this stage, we are capable of learning, creating and accomplishing numerous new skills and knowledge.accomplishing numerous new skills and knowledge.

55thth Stage: Adolescence Stage: Adolescence

12 to 18 Years12 to 18 Years

Ego Development Outcome: Identity vs. Role ConfusionEgo Development Outcome: Identity vs. Role Confusion

Basic Strengths: Devotion and Fidelity.Basic Strengths: Devotion and Fidelity.

Up to this stage, development mostly depends upon what is Up to this stage, development mostly depends upon what is done to us. From here on out, development depends done to us. From here on out, development depends primarily upon what we do. primarily upon what we do.

66thth Stage: Young Stage: Young AdulthoodAdulthood

18 to 35 years18 to 35 years

Ego Development Outcome: Ego Development Outcome:

Intimacy and Solidarity vs. IsolationIntimacy and Solidarity vs. Isolation

Basic Strengths: Affiliation and LoveBasic Strengths: Affiliation and Love

In this stage, we generally begin to start a family .In this stage, we generally begin to start a family .

77thth Stage: Middle Stage: Middle Adulthood Adulthood

35 to 55 or 65 years35 to 55 or 65 years

Ego Development Outcome: Ego Development Outcome: Generativity vs. Self absorption or StagnationGenerativity vs. Self absorption or Stagnation

Basic Strengths: Production and CareBasic Strengths: Production and Care

Work is the most important activity, and later, children Work is the most important activity, and later, children would start to leave their home.would start to leave their home.

88thth Stage: Late Stage: Late Adulthood Adulthood

55 or 65 to Death 55 or 65 to Death

Ego Development Outcome: Integrity vs. DespairEgo Development Outcome: Integrity vs. Despair

Basic Strengths: WisdomBasic Strengths: Wisdom

In this age, people may fear death as they struggle to find a In this age, people may fear death as they struggle to find a

purpose to their livespurpose to their lives

Pros and ConsPros and Cons

ProsPros

-Various stages to describe each age.-Various stages to describe each age.

-Not complicated to understand a whole life.-Not complicated to understand a whole life.

ConsCons

-The Theory became too old.-The Theory became too old.

-As time goes on, the average span of human life is changing.-As time goes on, the average span of human life is changing.

Thank you Thank you

for watchingfor watching