Physical Science EOCT Prep

SessionPresented byMrs. Tameka Weeks & Mrs. Heather Harrison

Remember to save the slides as a PDF document if you would like a copy of the presentation and you can also take notes!

Agenda:-What are EOCTs?-What Resources are Available?-Physics Domains-Break-Chemistry Domains-Questions

Be Proactive– Take responsibility for preparing!

It Counts 15-25% of your course grade depending on your graduation year.

It is a graduation requirement and required to get credit for the course!

There are 2 science courses that have an EOCT: Biology and Physical Science.

Test Dates-Road Trip!– Given “in person” not online– December 10-12 for Block Courses and special

circumstances (students transferring in that need EOCTs, students who missed testing last year, etc)

– First Half of May for Main Administration in year long courses

EOCT = End of Course Test

Physical Science EOCT Preparation! • What are EOCTs?• End of Course Tests• Required state tests for high school students given by certified teachers

throughout the state (locations/times sent thru kmail). • Write those dates down when you get them and be ready to travel to one of the

many test sites set up across the state on those days.• Required for Graduation- They are much like the graduation test that is being

phased out in Georgia. You must pass one EOCT in each content area (Math, Science, English, Social Studies) at some point in your high school experience in order to graduate.

• They count 15%, 20%, or 25% of your overall grade for the course. So if you are passing with a 70 but fail the EOCT you could fail the whole class so pad your grade if you are worried about taking tests to make sure that does not happen. EOCTs can be retaken for the graduation requirement but only your original test will count toward the 20%. If you miss an EOCT then you do not get credit for the course until you take the EOCT and there will not be an opportunity to do that until the next test administration (December or May).

• The tests cover everything from all year in that content area. Teachers do not make or get to see EOCTs so all related info is fair game!

It is like free help that is not cheating!• Don’t forget! • For the physical science test you may use…• The formula sheet in the test booklet, there is

one in your sample test, get familiar with it!• The Periodic Table that is inside your test book!• Calculator-

– You must bring your own, you will want it for Physical Science AND Math EOCTs!

How to Prepare: • As you know this test is state required and is comprehensive. To prepare for this

test, beyond doing well in course work, we are recommending students take advantage of as many resources as possible. Some possibilities for study include the close review of a COACH study guide, Study Island, and the GaDOE Studyguide…

…and Special Live Class Connect Sessions (more info on this)• Study Island- www.studyisland.com once you have taken a pretest, everything

else in that content area will open!• Coach Guides

– To assist you in preparing for the EOCTs, you can obtain a copy of the COACH study guide offered through Triumph Learning. The cost of the study guide is $19.99 + shipping /handling and tax. You may also request a teacher’s copy that contains the answers for the student guide at a reduced rate. The guide should arrive at your home within 3-5 business days. To order call 1-800-221-9372 8 a.m. – 6 p.m. (Eastern Time), Monday through Friday or visit their website http://www.testprep.com/c/@CvKVHimy4rLwU/Pages/orderinginfo.web?nocache@304034

• Ga DOE Study guide- I will File Transfer DOE Resources– Sample Physical Science EOCT– Answer Key to Sample Test– Physical Science EOCT Studyguide

• Web Resources…

Physical Science• Valdosta High School (I went to college at VSU) has a

great physical science EOCT review website:• http://physicalscienceatvhs.pbworks.com/w/page/27748618/FrontPage

• Perry High School also has a great Physical Science EOCT prep page with ppts:

• http://www.hcbe.net/schools/perry-high-school/science/lledger/physical-science-eoct-review.aspx

• File Transfered DOE Resources– Sample Physical Science EOCT– Answer Key to Sample Test– Physical Science EOCT Studyguide

• Let’s take a look at the Physical Science EOCT Studyguide!

Physics Review

King Henry Drank Brown Delicious Chocolate Milk

States of Energy

• The most common energy conversion is the conversion between potential and kinetic energy.

• All forms of energy can be in either of two states:– Potential - stored– Kinetic - motion

Energy

Law of Conservation of Energy – energy cannot be created or destroyed

Energy can be defined as the ability to do work.• Because of the direct connection between

energy and work, energy is measured in the same unit as work: joules (J).

• In addition to using energy to do work, objects gain energy because work is being done on them.

Types of EnergyType of Energy Example of Energy

thermal fire, friction

sound thunder, doorbell

electromagnetic sunlight, microwave, uv rays, x-rays

chemical (potential) battery, wood, match, coal, gas

electrical lightning, generator

mechanical gasoline engine, windmill, simple machines

nuclear radioactive elements, sun, stars

Energy conversions• All forms of energy can be

converted into other forms.

Chemical Heat Mechanical

Heat Transfer• Convection

movement of gas or liquid particles spreads heat

• Conduction heat is transferred by

particles touching

• Radiation heat is transferred in

matter or space by means of electromagnetic waves

Nuclear Energy

• Fission• the splitting of the

atomic nucleus • Examples: nuclear

power plant

• Fusion• light nuclei fuse or

combine

Simple machines

Mechanical Advantage • Mechanical Advantage-the

number of times a machine multiplies an effort force

Mechanical Advantage formulas:

Force

• A push or pull

• Measured in Newtons

• An object at rest and an object moving at a constant velocity is being acted upon by a net force of zero

• The net force is zero when the forces are equal and opposite

GravityGravity depends on Distance and Mass…

• 1. Who experiences more gravity - the politician or the astronaut?

• 2. Which exerts more gravity - the Earth or the moon?

A

B

A

B

Mass vs. Weight

Mass—the amount of matter in an object

Weight—the force on a body due to the gravitational attraction of another body

Weight changes based on location.

Mass NEVER changes.

Newton’s 1st Law of Motion

• An object in motion will stay in motion and an object at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon by an unbalanced force

• Law of Inertia—why we wear seat belts.

Newton’s 2nd & 3rd Laws of Motion

• F = ma

• For every action there is an• equal and opposite reaction

Acceleration due to Gravity

• On Earth, all objects fall with a constant acceleration of 9.80 m/s2 in the absence of air resistance.

• In other words, a falling object’s velocity increases by 9.8 m/s each second it falls!

Displacement, Velocity & Acceleration• Displacement vs. distance - displacement has

a direction (as a crow flies)

• Velocity vs. speed – velocity has a direction

• Velocity = displacement time

• Acceleration - rate at which velocity changes

• Acceleration = final velocity – initial velocity time

Waves

A disturbance that transmits energy through a medium or space

Wave Properties

Wavelength - the distance between peak to peak , shorter wavelengths = higher frequency

Amplitude- the maximum displacement Amplitude is related to intensity, higher the amplitude the higher

the intensity (energy). For sound it means greater volume.• Frequency- The number of events (waves, vibrations, oscillations)

that pass a point in a given amount of time, usually a second• High frequency (short wavelength)

• Low frequency (long wave-length)• Frequency is related to pitch, the higher the frequency the higher the

pitch

Types of waves• Transverse - particles of the medium

move perpendicular to the direction of the wave

example –Light/Electromagnetic-DO NOT REQUIRE MEDIUM

• Longitudinal (aka compressional)- particles move parallel to the direction of the wave example – sound- DO REQUIRE A MEDIUM

• Surface - particles move in circular motion - longitudinal and

transverse examples-Seismic and water waves

Behaviors of Waves• Reflection—wave

bounces off barrier

• Refraction—wave changes direction as it moves from one medium to another

• Diffraction—the bending of a wave around a barrier

Interference• Constructive occurs when

two waves disturb the medium in the same way. The disturbance is larger than the disturbance of either wave separately

• Destructive is canceling interference that occurs when two waves disturb the medium in opposite ways. The disturbance is smaller than the disturbance of either wave separately

Doppler Effect • As a sound source moves toward a listener, the

pitch seems to increase• As the sound source moves away from the

listener, the pitch seems to decrease

Magnetic field

Magnetic field is strongest where the lines are closest together

If you break the magnet, north and south poles will reform on each piece

Electrical charges• Charged particles exert forces on each other• Like repels, opposites attract• The greater the distance between the charges

the smaller the force• Flow of electrons= electricity

Static electricityStatic electricity is

the charge that stays on an object – does not move

It can be positive or negative

It can be generated by rubbing two objects together (friction) and removing “loose” electrons.

Electrical charge generationInduction - charge can be

generated by bringing a charged object close to another one (aka Charging by Induction)

Conduction – charge can be generated by touching a charged object to another object (aka Charging by Contact)

Ohm’s LawCurrent (I) – flow rate (amperes) Resistance (R) – drag (ohms)Voltage (V) – force or pressure (volts)

Series circuitSeries Circuit: the components are lined up

along one path. If the circuit is broken, all components turn off.

R = R1 + R2 + R3 + R4

Parallel CircuitsParallel Circuit – there are several branching

paths to the components. If the circuit is broken at any one branch, only the components on that branch will turn off.

1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3

Relate magnetism and electricity

• Electromagnet - Magnets can be created by wrapping a wire around an iron core and passing current through it

• Electromagnetic induction - Create an electric current by moving a magnet through a coil of wire ( generator)

To increase the strength of an electromagnet• Increase the number of coils• Increase the number of batteries

What ‘s the difference between a Motor and a Generator?

• Generator – converts mechanical energy to electrical energy example – water turns a turbine, spins a magnet inside a coil to generate electricity

• Motor - converts electrical energy into mechanical energy example – electricity from your car battery turns a motor which drives your wiper blades back and forth

Break Time…We are going to take a quick break

before we go into the Chemistry part of Physical Science. When the timer runs out, we will come back for the

second half of our session

GCA: Working to provide an exemplary individualized and engaging educational experience for all students

QUESTIONS WILL BE TAKEN AT THE END OF THE SECOND HOUR SO IF YOU HAVE A QUESTION….WRITE

IT DOWN SO THAT YOU DON’T FORGET IT!