1

Environment

and

Sustainable

development

Dr., Assoc. prof.

Jānis Zaļoksnis

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3

CLIMATE

CHANGES

Satelīta attēls, kas parāda kuģu izmešu radītos mākoņus ASV austrumos.

//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/ShipTracks_MODIS_2005may11.jpg

Sustainable

development

scenario

Technological

progress

scenario

“Bussiness as

usual” scenario

oC

POSSIBLE CLIMATE CHANGES IN FUTURE

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5

PROVED

FACTS…

José Manuel Barroso,

President of the European

Commission

and

Fredrik Reinfeldt,

Prime Minister of the Kingdom of

Sweden

Yvo de Boer Executive

Secretary of the United

Nations Framework

Convention on Climate

Change

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The conference did take place in the Bella Center

in Copenhagen

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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7f/COP15_Logo.svg//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Connie_Hedegaard.jpg//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Klimaforum09_closing_ceremony_wahu_kaara.jpg//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Prime_Minister_Manmohan_Singh.jpg

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10

Information

Date: 29 Nov.–10 Dec. 2010

Location: Cancún, Mexico

Participants: UNFCCC member countries

Ieguvumi: Vienošanās par “Zaļo Klimata fondu” ("Green Climate Fund“).

Vienošanās par “Klimata Tehnoloģiju centru” ("Climate Technology Center“).

Turpināsies darbs, lai sagatavotu Otro Kioto protokola periodu.

Dalībvalstu centieni nepieļaut, lai globālā gada vidējā temperatūra paaugstinātos vairāk par 2°C, salīdzinot ar

pirmsindustriālo periodu.

Virzīšanās uz “zema oglekļa izmantošanas sabiedrības” (low-carbon society) modeli.

Aicinājums attīstītām valstīm samazināt savas siltumnīcefektu izraisošo gāzu emisijas, bet attīstošām valstīm plānot to

emisiju samazināšanu.

Pēc 2020. gada vāji attīstītām valstīm paredzēt 100 miljardus ASV dolāru gadā, lai veicinātu siltumnīcefektu izraisošo

gāzu emisiju samazināšanu un adaptāciju.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:COP16_Logo.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/2010_UN_Climate_Talks.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_society

Durbanas platforma : After two weeks of negotiations a deal was reached only on the last day, Sunday 11 December, after a 60-hour

marathon negotiation session.

Negotiators agreed to be part of a legally binding treaty to address global warming. The terms of the future treaty are to

be defined by 2015 and become effective in 2020.

The agreement, referred to as the "Durban platform", is notable in that for the first time it includes developing countries

such as China and India, as well as the US which refused to sign the Kioto Protocol.

The agreement entails the continuation of the Kyoto protocol in the interim, although only some countries including

members of the EU are likely to commit.

Green fund The conference led to progress regarding the creation of a Green Climate Fund for which a management

framework was adopted. The fund is to distribute US$100bn per year to help poor countries adapt to climate impacts.

Date: 28 November 2011 –

11 December 2011

Location: Durban, South Africa

Webpage cop17-cmp7durban.com

From left to right: UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-mmon, President of South Africa Jacob

Zuma, President of the Conference Maite Nkoana-Mashabane and UNFCC Deputy

Executive Secretary Richard Kinley

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durbanhttp://www.cop17-cmp7durban.com/http://www.cop17-cmp7durban.com/http://www.cop17-cmp7durban.com///upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/COP17_December_6.jpg

Kioto protokola darbības laiks tiek pagarināts līdz 2020. gadam.

Diemžēl tas attiecas tikai uz 15 % no pasaules oglekļa dioksīda emisijām, jo dokumenta apstiprināšanā

neiesaistījās Kanāda, Japāna, Krievija, Baltkrievija, Ukraina, Jaunzēlande un ASV.

Kioto protokols nekādi neattiecas uz emisiju samazinājumu jaunattīstības valstīs (Ķīna - pasaulē lielākais CO2

emitētājs; Indija; Brazīlija).

Konferencē tika gūti nelieli panākumi par finansējumu “Zaļajam klimata fondam”.

13

Norises laiks: 2012. gada 26. novembris -

2012. gada 8. decembris

Norises vieta: Doha, Katara

Dalībnieku skaits: 17 000

10 million Facebook likes for continuation of the Kyoto protocol

//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/COP18_Doha_2012.jpg

14

The Club of Rome

15

Club of Rome Global Assembly Amsterdam, 26-27 October 2009

Muziekgebouw aan ‘t IJ/ Harbour Music Hall

http://www.clubofrome.org/

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Hans-Peter Durr (1929), German physicist

Mikhail Gorbatchev (1931) , former President of the USSR

Ernesto Zedillo, former president of Mexico

Dr. Bohdan Hawrylyshyn (1926) – Chairman, International Management Institute – Kyiv, Ukraine

Mugur Isarescu (1949), the Governor of the National Bank of Romania

Erich Jantsch, author of Technological Forecasting (†)

Derrick de Kerckhove, author of “The Skin of Culture and Connected Intelligence”

Vaclav Havel (†), former President of the Czech Republic

Alexandr King (†), founder of the Club of Rome

Max Kohnstamm (Netherlands), former Secretary General of the Europen Coal and Steel Community (†)

Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands

David Korten, author of the “Agenda for a New Economy”

Dennis Meadows, author of the “Limits to Growth”

Donella Meadows (†) , author of the “Limits to Growth”

Mihajlo D. Mesarovic, UNESCO Scientific Advisor on Global change

George P. Mitchell, American businessman, real estate developer and philanthropist

Aurelio Peccei (†), founder of the Club of Rome

John R. Platt (†), American physicist and biophysicist

Jean Saint-Geours, Ministry of Finance in Paris

Hugo Thiemann (†), Swiss founding member

Jacques Delors, former President of the European Commission

Pierre Elliott Trudeau (†), former prime minister of Canada

Robert Uffen (†), Canadian research geophysicist

Koichiro Matsuura, Japan, Director General of the UNESCO

Frederic Vester (†), German biochemist,and an expert in the field of ecology

Ivo Slaus , Croatian nuclear, member of the Board of Trustees of World Academy of Art & Science

B.F.Paton, President of the Natiobnal Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

Manmonah Singh, Prime minister ot the Republic of India

Wangari Maathai, founder of the Green Belt Movement, recipient of the Nobel Prize

Mahdi Elmandjra, Morroccan futurist, economist and sociologist

Prince Hassan bin Talal, Jordania

Juan Carlos I, King of Spain

Prince Phillipe, Crown Prince of Belgium

18

Club of Rome Global Assembly 2009

19

20

Amsterdam Declaration

of the Global Assembly of the Club of Rome

…

The goals of concerted international climate action must be:

to adopt, at the UN Climate Conference in Copenhagen, legally

binding agreements that will initiate immediate action to

achieve a stable climate with

atmospheric concentrations of CO2 not

exceeding 350 ppm

…

Dr. Dennis

Meadows

• Dennis Meadows (born June 7, 1942) is an American scientist and Emeritus Professor of Systems Management, and former director of the Institute for Policy and Social Science Research at the University of New Hampshire.

• He is President of the Laboratory for Interactive Learning and widely known as the co-author of The Limits to Growth.

• Dennis Meadows received a BA from Carleton College, a Ph.D. In Management from the MIT Sloan School of Management, and holds four honorary doctorates.

• He started working at the faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the late 1960s.

• From 1970 to 1972 at MIT he was director of the "Club of Rome Project on the Predicament of Mankind".

• Further on Meadows has been a tenured professor in faculties of management, engineering, and social sciences. He has facilitated workshops and developed innovative and complex strategic games all over the world for decades.

• In addition, Dr. Meadows has lectured in over 50 countries, also in Latvia.

• He has been the Director of three university research institutes: at MIT, Dartmouth College and the University of New Hampshire. He is the Past President of the International System Dynamics Society and the International Simulation and Games Association.

• He has been a corporate board member and a consultant for government, industry and non-profit groups in the U.S. and many countries abroad.

• He co-founded the Balaton Group, a network of ca. 300 professionals in over 30 nations involved in systems science, public policy and sustainable development.

• He has received numerous international awards for his work, including the Japan Prize in April 2009.

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Scenario for world development

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WORLD POPULATION

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Mechanism of feedback POPULATION; INDUSTRIAL CAPITAL

24

TENDENCIES OF WORLD

POPULATION

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Pasaules iedzīvotāju skaits, miljardi

Nr. Desmit apdzīvotākās valstis

1990 2008 2025*

1. Ķīna 1,141 1,333 1,458

2. Indija 0,849 1,140 1,398

3. ASV 0,250 0,304 0,352

4. Indonēzija 0,178 0,228 0,273

5. Brazīlija 0,150 0,192 0,223

6. Pakistāna 0,108 0,166 0,226

7. Bangladeša 0,116 0,160 0,198

8. Nigērija 0,094 0,151 0,208

9. Krievija 0,148 0,142 0,137

10. Japāna 0,124 0,128 0,126

Pasaule, kopā 5,265 6,688 8,004

//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/World-Population-1800-2100.svg//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/UN_DESA_continent_population_1950_to_2100.svg

27

//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/PU200611_Fig1.png//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Total_World_Oil_Reserves.PNG

28

World oil reserves

Rate of the world consumption of natural gas

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2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250

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Vieta Valsts Dabasgāzes apstiprinātie

krājumi, m³

% no kopējā

daudzuma

Informācijas

dati

Pasaule, kopā 300,000,000,000,000 100% 2012

1. Krievija 55,000,000,000,000 18,3% 2010

2. Irāna 33,500,000,000,000 11,1% 2011

3. Turkmēnija 26,200,000,000,000 8,73% 2012

4. Katara 25,470,000,000,000 8,5% 2010

5. ASV 9,000,000,000,000 3,0% 2011

6. Saūda Arābija 8,200,000,000,000 2,73% 2012

7. Azerbaidžāna 6,071,000,000,000 2,02% 2010

8. Venecuēla 5,524,500,000,000 1,84% 2011

9. Nigērija 5,246,000,000,000 1,75% 2010

10. Alžīrija 4,502,000,000,000 1,37% 2010

11. Austrālija 3,825,000,000,000 1,27% 2012

12. Irāka 3,600,000,000,000 1,17% 2012

13. Ķīna 3,100,000,000,000 1,02% 2012

14. Indonēzija 3,001,000,000,000 1,58% 2010

15. Kazahija 2,407,000,000,000 1,27% 2010

16. Malaizija 2,350,000,000,000 1.24% 2010

17. Norvēģija 2,313,000,000,000 1,22% 2010

18. AAE 2,250,000,000,000 1,18% 2010

19. Uzbekija 1,841,000,000,000 0,97% 2010

20. Kuveita 1,798,000,000,000 0,95% 2010

21. Kanāda 1,754,000,000,000 0,92% 2010.

22. Ēģipte 1,656,000,000,000 0,87% 2010

23. Lībija 1,539,000,000,000 0,81% 2010

24. Nīderlande 1,416,000,000,000 0,74% 2010

25. Ukraina 1,104,000,000,000 0,58% 2010

26. Indija 1,075,000,000,000 0,57% 2010

31

WORLD FORESTS

//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Swiss_National_Park_131.JPG

Exploitation of forests

Costa Rica Latvia 32

33

Oksidējoša viela

Kaitīga vai

kairinoša viela

Degoša vai

uguns-bīstama

viela

Toksiska viela

Videi bīstama

viela

Kodīga viela

Eksplozīva vai

sprādzienbīstama viela

34

Environmental pollution and health

Sustainable development

“Sustainable development meets the needs of the

present generations without compromising

the ability of future generations to meet their

own needs."

35

1987

Gro Harlem Bruntland

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DEVELOPMENT NEEDED FOR THE WORLD

Sustainable Development Strategy of Latvia up to 2030.

In the 20th century Latvia had several great intentions - establishment of an

independent country and its reconstruction, integration into the European

Union and to the NATO. Now these plans have been fulfilled, and the time has

come to decide on what kind of Latvia do we want our children and the next

generations to live

Key principles of the strategy are happy people in a prosperous country,

sustainable and healthy way of life, creative and tolerant society, cooperation-

based competitiveness and country as a "fastability" partner.

Then four development scenarios were elaborated and discussed in five

regional forums. Based on this stage, now the first draft of the strategy is

being developed.

After approval in the parliament (Saeima), the strategy became the main

planning document of the country with legal force. All other strategic planning

documents will be developed or modified according to the directions and

priorities set out in this strategy.

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38

The World history in 12 hours. Now is 11:59:59

39

RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES

Maria Sklodowska-Curie

Antoine Henri Becquerel

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Mariecurie.jpg

40

Nuclear

weapons

A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its

destructive force from nuclear reaction, either fission. Both

reactions release vast quantities of energy from relatively small

amounts of matter. The first fission ("atomic") bomb test released

the same amount of energy as approximately 20,000 tons of TNT.

The first thermonuclear ("hydrogen") bomb test released the

same amount of energy as approximately 10,000,000 tons of

TNT.

A modern thermonuclear weapon weighing little more than

1,100 kg can produce an explosive force comparable to the

detonation of more than 1.2 million tons (1.1 million metric tons)

of TNT. Thus, even a small nuclear device no larger than

traditional bombs can devastate an entire city by blast, fire and

radiation.

Nuclear weapons are considered weapons of mass destruction,

and their use control has been a major focus of international

relations policy since their debut.

Only two nuclear weapons have been used in the course of

warfare, both by the United States near the end of World War II.

On 6 August 1945, a uranium gun-type device code-named “Little

Boy" was detonated over the Japanese city of Hiroshima. Three

days later, on 9 August, a plutonium implosion-type device code-

named “Fat Man" was exploded over Nagasaki, Japan. These

two bombings resulted in the deaths of approximately 200,000

Japanese people—mostly civilians—from acute injuries sustained

from the explosions.

Only a few nations possess such weapons or are suspected of

seeking them. The only countries known to have detonated

nuclear weapons—and that acknowledge possessing such

weapons—are the United States, the Russia, the United

Kingdom, France, China, India, Pakistan, and North Korea. In

addition, Israel is also widely believed to possess nuclear

weapons, though it does not acknowledge having them.

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Radiation sensitivity of the

different species Species LD50 Species LD50

Sheep 1,5 – 2,5 Gy Rabbits 9,0 – 10,0 Gy

Dogs 2,5 – 3,0 Gy Birds 8,0 – 20,0 Gy

People 2,5 – 5,5 Gy Fishes 8,0 – 20,0 Gy

Monkeys 2,5 – 6,0 Gy Insects 10,0 – 100,0 Gy

Mousses 6,0 – 15,0 Gy Snakes 8,.0 –200,0 Gy

Rats 7,0 – 9,0 Gy Plants 10,0 –1500,0 Gy

42

Principles of the nuclear reactor

43

The Chernobyl disaster was a nuclear accident that occurred on 26 April

1986 at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine.

It is considered the worst nuclear power plant accident in history, and is

one of only two classified as a level 7 event on the International Nuclear

Event Scale (the other being is the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster).

The battle to contain the contamination and avert a greater catastrophe

ultimately involved over 500,000 workers and cost an estimated 18 billion

rubles, crippling the Soviet economy.

Chernobyl sarcophagus

CHERNOBYL DISASTER

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/1b/Chernobyl_Disaster.jpg

44

FORMATION OF THE OZONE HOLES

45

DOCUMENTS ABOUT ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

LISBON TREATY

TITLE I

COMMON PROVISIONS

...

Article B

The Union shall set itself the

following objectives:

to promote economic and social

progress which is balanced and

sustainable

UN Decade on Education for Sustainable

Development (2005-2014)

Stockholm (1972)

- United Nations

Conference on the Human

Environment

United Nations

Environmental and

Development commission

– „Our Common Future”

Rio De Janeiro (1992)

-United Nations Conference

on the Environmental and

Development

- Rio+20

46

COUNCIL OF

THE EUROPEAN UNION Brussels, 26 June 2006

10917/06

From: General Secretariat

To: Delegations of MS of the EU

Subject: Review of the EU Sustainable Development Strategy

(EU SDS) Renewed Strategy

KEY CHALLENGES Climate Change and clean energy

To limit climate change and its costs and negative effects to society and the environment

Sustainable Transport

To ensure that our transport systems meet society’s economic, social and environmental needs whilst minimising their undesirable impacts on

the economy, society and the environment

Sustainable consumption and production

To promote sustainable consumption and production patterns

Conservation and management of natural resources

To improve management and avoid overexploitation of natural resources, recognising the value of ecosystem services

Public Health

To promote good public health on equal conditions and improve protection against health threats

Social inclusion, demography and migration

To create a socially inclusive society by taking into account solidarity between and within generations and to secure and increase the quality

of life of citizens as a precondition for lasting individual well-being

Global poverty and sustainable development challenges

To actively promote sustainable development worldwide and ensure that the European Union’s internal and external policies are consistent

with global sustainable development and its international commitments

//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg

Environmental and Development

Commissioners of the EU

JANEZ POTOČNIK EU Environmental

Commissioner 200, Rue de la Loi, (BERL

11/112), 1049 - Brussels,

Belgium

Tel: +32 2 29.61.989

Personal details

· Slovenian

· Born: March 22, 1958 in

Kropa, Slovenia

Andris PIEBALGS EU Development

Commissioner

BERLAYMONT 10 /165;

1049 Brussels, Belgium

+32 (0)2 2989333

Personal details

· Latvian

· Born September 17, 1957,

Valmiera, Latvia

48

The Programme of the Irish Presidency

of the Council of the European Union -

for stability, jobs and growth

Ireland in facts and figures

Name of State: Ireland (Éire in Irish)

Capital: Dublin

Population: 4,581,269 (2011)

Total area:70,282 km2

Language: Irish is the first official

language but English is used by the

majority of people.

Head of government: An Taoiseach

Enda Kenny

Head of state: President Michael D

Higgins

Climate:Temperate climate. Rainfall

between 800mm -1200mm

Religion: 84% Roman Catholic,

Church of Ireland 2.93%, Muslim

1.1%, Orthodox 0.98%. 5.88% say

they have no religion

Currency: Euro

Flag: Tricolour of green, white and

orange.

Emblem: Harp

National Day: Saint Patrick’s Day, 17

March

Trio : Ireland, Lithuania and Greece

The key priorities of the Irish Presidency include:

• Working to finalise agreement on the 7th Environmental

Action Programme and supporting development of a new EU

Climate Change Adaptation Strategy.

• Making progress on legislation in the following areas:

proposal on Priority Substances, Ship Recycling, Batteries

Directive, CO2 from Cars and Vans, Emissions Trading

Scheme, Environment and Climate Action (LIFE),

Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases (F-Gases), and

Environmental Impact Assessments.

• Representing the EU in the international arena (Rio+20,

UNEP, Mercury, UNFCCC, UN Waste & Chemical

Conventions).

//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Coat_of_arms_of_Ireland.svg

49

Giant’s Causeway, County Antrim

Green pasture in County Down, with the Mourne

Mountains in the background

Temple Bar Dublin at Night

//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Causeway-code_poet-4.jpg//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/A_view_from_Scrabo_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1324261.jpg//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Temple_Bar_Dublin_at_Night.jpg//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg

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ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT AND

SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION

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WORLD MAP BY ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT OF

THE COUNTRIES

People are using resources and ecosystem’s services from different countries of

the world. Their ecological footprint is the sum of these different territories ,

independently of their home country. Largest ecological footprint is for US, China

and India. Largest ecological footprint per person is in US, but in China and India it

is three times smaller comparing with word’s average ecological footprint.

52

Portāla www.politika.lv sabiedrības diskusija 2008. gada jūlijs - augusts

Vai piekrīti, ka vide Latvijā būtu

jāsargā?

97%

3%

Jā

Nē

http://www.politika.lv/

Portāla www.politika.lv sabiedrības diskusija 2008. gada jūlijs - augusts

Ko tu personiski būtu gatavs darīt zaļākas

dzīves labā?

27%

14%

12%15%

5%

14%

13%

Šķirot atkritumus

Biežāk izmantot sabiedrisko

transportu

Nosiltināt mājokli

Izmantot energoefektīvas

spuldzītes u.c. ierīces

Ēst mazāk gaļas

Atteikties no vienreizējās

lietošanas precēm

Izvēlēties vietējo preci

53

http://www.politika.lv/

ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION HOME PAGE

www.geo.lu.lv/vidz/via

54

WATER USE FOR THE ONE CUP OF COFFE

55

Coffe-Latte

COVER

PACKAGING

WATER

COFFE

ENERGY

= 1 litre

SUGAR CUP

208 litres/cup

142.8 litres

MILK