Energy in TurkeyElectric Experiment and Power Plants in Turkey

Electric Experiment

• First of all, we want to sart our presentation by giving information about the experiment that was held this month by me and my friends.

Getting started

Orange

Produced Voltage:

1.0 Volt

Lemon

Produced Voltage:1.3 Volt

Apple

Produced Voltage:0.9 Volt

Kiwifruit

Produced Voltage:1.1 Volt

Potatoes

Produced Voltage:1.1 Volt

Results

• Here are the results of our experiment.

• The biggest values of voltage gained from the lemon because of its higher acidity rate.

Lemon Orange Apple Kiwifruit Potatoes

Produced Voltage

1.2 Volt 1.0 volt 0.9 Volt 1.1 Volt 1.1 Volt

What happens between the electrode and the fruit?

• The energy for the battery does not come from the fruit, but rather the chemical change in zinc and copper. The zinc is oxidized inside the fruit, exchanging some of its electrons in order to reach a lower energy state, and the energy released provides the power.

• Potatoes, apples, sauerkraut, or any other fruit or vegetable containing acid or other electrolyte can be used, but lemons are preferred because of their higher acidity. In potatoes, for instance, the electrolyte is phosphoric acid, while in lemons it is citric acid.

Variables that effect the produced voltage of fruit batteries

• Distance between the electrodes ( zinc and copper)• we tried to test the effect of the distance for a lemon battery and you can see

the results.

• Distance and the voltage are inversely proportional according to our experiment.

Distance 5 mm 10 mm 15 mm 20 mm

Voltage 1.2 V 1.18 V 1.16 V 1.16 V

Variables that effect the produced voltage of fruit batteries

• Size of the electrodes• During the experiment we tried to analyze the effect of the size of the

electrodes, however we couldn’t reach meaningful results. When we stick into the electrodes with different depths (for examle half and quarter of the electrodes), we read the same voltage values. This situation may be related with the voltmeter that we used or an error that we could make during the experiment.

Variables that effect the produced voltage of fruit batteries

• Number of fruits• Because the experiment was a real fun for us, we wanted to extend it and tried

to increase the voltage of our fruit battery.

• a single lemon produced nerly 1.2 V of electric. When we connected 5 lemon serially then we observed 3.2 V values on our voltmeter.

• So we can say that number of fruits and voltge are directly proportional variables in tht experiment.

• Now, we want to give some information about electric production in Turkey.

A General Look to Electric Production in Turkey

As it can be seen, coal is the second important electric source, and it is produced

from private investors mostly.

A General Look to Electric Production in Turkey

• Having a substantial potential for the renewable energy resources, Turkey ranks seventh in the world and first in Europe in terms of geothermal energy.

• Turkey aims at further increasing its use of hydro, wind and solar energy resources and Turkey has potential producing 30% of its electricity need from the renewable by 2023.

• Turkey is geographically located in close proximity to more than 70% of the world's oil and gas reserves.

• Annual electricity generation is approximately 179, 5 billion kWh in Turkey.

• Renewable energy and energy efficiency projects are assisting to reduce CO2 emissions in Turkey by more than 3 million tons annually.

A General Look to Electric Production in Turkey

Thermic

Geothermal

Hydrolic

Coal

Wind

Natural Gas

Power Plants - Renewable

• 1. Geothermal Energy

Station Capacity (MW)

Kızıldere Geothermal Power Plant[2]

95

Gümüşköy Geothermal Power Plant[3]

13.2

Power Plants - Renewable

• 2. HYDROELECTRIC

There are 106 hydroelectric power plants in Turkey; and

the ratio of total electric enery production is nearly

48%.

Power Plants - Renewable

• 3. SOLAR THERMAL

Station Capacity (MW)

Greenway Mersin CSP 5

Power Plants - Renewable

• 4. WIND ENERGY

There are 75 Wind Power Plant in Turkey, and 35

more are under construction nowadays.

The ratio of electric production is 4.2%

Power Plants – Non -Renewable

• THERMAL ENERGY

There are 17 thermal power plants and more than half of

the electric production is resulted from col, natural gas, or different types of thermic power plants.

Power Plants – Non -Renewable

• 2. NUCLEAR ENERGY

• There is no nuclear power plant in Turkey.

• However, there are 2 new nuclear power plants which are under construction and planned to be active until 2020.

• The target of our government is to increase the share of these power plants in electricity energy up to at least 5% by the year 2020, and to increase it even further in the longer run.

Summary

• The ratio of renewable energy sources and non-renewable energy sources can be seen in the following diagram.

Re-newable En-ergy Sources41%

Non-re-

new-able en-ergy sourc

es59%

Sales

Renewable Energy SourcesNon-renewable energy sources

Summary

• The main renewable energy source in our country is hydroelectric power plants, because there are huge water sources in Turkey.

• However, our state should increase the ratio of renewable energy sources like wind and solar energy. And the aim of our government is to increase renewable energy resources until 2020 by constructing wind, solar, and nuclear power plants.

• THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION