61

ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

62

Energy & Environment

Prerequisite 1: Building Design Charrette Mandatory

Intent

To achieve energy efficiency in buildings while maintaining occupant comfort (thermal, visual,

acoustical), aesthetics, and building integrity.

Compliance Requirements

A building is said to achieve its optimum performance when it meets the triple bottom line benefits. To

achieve this state while been energy efficient is a challenge which can be overcome through an

integrated design approach.

Conduct an integrated design charrette with all the stakeholders of the building which includes but not

limited to the owner, developer, engineer, architect, contractor, and the occupants*, at least in the

following stages of the project.

Before designing the building: Discuss the targeted energy savings while maintaining the

performance of the building

Before Construction: Make sure the on-site construction team and the designers are on the

same page. Involve material/product providers or manufactures if necessary

During Construction: Conduct at least two meetings with all the stakeholders while the building

is being constructed to check the progress and predict the energy savings.

After Construction: Include the measurement and verification team in the meeting to make sure

the building construction has been done as per the design.

The building's energy consultant should lead and explain the requirements of Building Energy

Performance Prerequisite and Credit, possible methods (also codes & standards) to achieve the

compliance, and discuss its implications on the building design.

Compliance Documentation

Certificate from the organization showing appointment of all the stakeholders of the team

including the green building and energy consultant is done no later than a month after the

building construction permit is received.

Minutes of Meeting of all the design charrette is to be submitted in support of this prerequisite.

This should include signatures of at least one member from each stakeholder’s team.

*Occupants need not be all the users of the buildings but at least two typical targeted user of the

building should be a part of the meeting.

Note: A team member staying in a different country can participate in the charrette online and provide a

digital signature.

Basis of the Credit

63

In India, there can be instances when all the stakeholders of the building will never meet together at

least once. There are some cases where the architect never knew who is the owner or the contractor.

Such a construction process would result in poorly performing buildings. Hence, to encourage integrated

design, and to make sure that at least some efforts are taken in designing and operating the building as

an energy efficient building, this credit is designed as a prerequisite in Energy category.

Why in Energy category?

Other categories of the rating systems are comparatively simpler. Architects and the Engineering teams

are trained and have experience in designing site, transportation, water balance, day lighting, air quality,

etc. However, energy is a category which needs a specific skill set especially when the building is

targeting a credit in Building Energy Performance category.

Architecture or other Engineering branches in Indian schools still do not provide training on simulation

tools or the process of integrating energy efficiency into building design. Hence, this demands the need

for a third person to bring the team together and lead them towards a common target of energy

efficiency. Since, energy efficiency should always be the byproduct of integrated design process.

References:

Jason B. Walker and Michael W. Seymour, Utilizing the design charrette for teaching

sustainability, International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education Vol. 9 No. 2, 2008 pp.

157-169

Gail Lindsey, Joel Ann Todd,Sheila J. Hayter, A Handbook for Planning and Conducting Charrette

for High-Performance Projects, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, August 2003, NREL/BK-

710-33425

http://www.green.harvard.edu/theresource/new-construction/design-element/energy-atmosphere

64

http://www.greenbuildingadvisor.com/green-basics/integrated-design

http://www.facilitiesnet.com/green/article/Charettes-Meeting-of-the-Design-Minds--3918, last

accessed on 09/21/13

Ecolibrium, the Journal of the Australian Institute of Refrigeration, AC and Heating, 24-32 (February

2009

65

Energy & Environment

Prerequisite 2: Building-Level Energy Metering Mandatory

Intent

Support energy management and identify opportunities for additional energy savings by tracking

building-level energy use.

Compliance Requirements

Provide meters for any four of the following:

Energy meter for air-conditioning/ventilation

Energy meter for internal lighting

Energy meter for external lighting

Electricity used for chilled water consumption

Energy meter for municipal water pumping

Energy meter for grey water pumping

Energy meter for water pumping for landscaping

Compliance Documentation

Submit a document which describes the metering equipment installed. Submit photographic evidence

confirming installation of meters. Provide a cut sheets for the meters installed.

Credit References

IGBC Green Homes

66

Basis of the Credit

Most of the energy consumption in building in Hyderabad can be attributed to air-conditioning,

refrigeration, pumping and lighting. Installing meters in these systems helps in identifying the major

energy consuming equipment. It helps in developing a measurement and verification mechanism to

compare predicted savings to actual energy performance.

References:

Inderjeet Singh, Axel Michaelowa, Indian Urban Building Sector: CDM Potential through Energy Efficiency in Electricity Consumption, Hamburg Institute of International Economics, 2004: ISSN 1616-4814 Comments: Shows the sector wise consumption of electricity in commercial building in India.

End Use Energy Consumption in New Delhi, India (Image Source: http://www.iiasa.ac.at/web/home/research/Flagship-Projects/Global-Energy-

Assessment/GEA_Chapter10.pdf) Comments: In South Asia, maximum energy goes in heating and cooling building in commercial sector.

(Geyser is a device which is used for heating water which is usually fitted in locations which hot water is

required.)

67

Energy & Environment

Prerequisite 3: Fundamental Commissioning and Verification Mandatory

Intent

Ensure that the building and systems design meet the owner's requirement and the design intent.

Compliance Requirements

Appoint a commissioning team (can be a part of existing design team) who would verify the design

documents and sign their acceptance for the construction phase of the project. The commissioning team

would have the following responsibilities:

Review Owner Project Requirements (OPR)

Review the basis of design (BOD) document

Develop a verification plan to check

o all the designed mechanical, electrical, and lighting equipment meet the local codes,

National Building Code (NBC) and ECBC

o the envelope design should meet ECBC and should follow all the applicable design

guidelines provided by Hyderabad Municipal Development Authority's - Environmental

Building Guidelines for Hyderabad

o the building design should meet the OPR

List of the design findings, and improvements necessary to meet all the above mentioned

criteria

Conduct a on-site awareness program amongst the site workers to explain the intent of the

project

The commissioning team is further responsible in preparing an operation and maintenance plan which

should include the following:

the building occupancy schedule

setpoint temperatures in the building

lighting and equipment schedule

lighting level throughout the building should be decided

a commissioning program that includes periodic commissioning requirements, ongoing

commissioning tasks, and continuous tasks for critical facilities.

Compliance Documentation

Provide the OPR document

Submit a commissioning plan

Provide the list of design features those meet the requirements

Provide the list of design features that need to be improved

Submit the building operation and maintenance plan

68

Credit References

LEED4 New Construction

IGBC Green Existing Buildings (Operations & Maintenance) Rating System

Basis of the Credit

India faces inefficiencies in implementation of codes and development of infrastructure. There is always

improper coordination between stakeholders, communication gaps, and lack of futuristic planning.

There are no designated building verification and commissioning standards formulated to monitor and

measure the performance of the building. All these put together result in underperforming built

environment. To overcome such a situation, it is important that the building should be commissioned

and verified to see if it is meeting the design intent of energy efficiency and high performance.

References:

Natascha S Castro, The Importance of Building System Commissioning for Energy Performance,

http://www.ordemengenheiros.pt/fotos/dossier_artigo/2007_11_08_7jc_nataschacastro99606

92294df888381e8e4.pdf, last accessed: 09/21/13

Prashant Gupta, Rajat Gupta, Thomas Netze, Building India, Accelerating Infrastructure Projects,

McKinsey & Company, Inc.

LEED needs more verification, http://djcoregon.com/news/2010/07/14/leed-needs-more-

verification/, last accessed: 09/21/13

Some Buildings Not Living Up to Green Label,

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/31/science/earth/31leed.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0, last

accessed: 09/21/13

69

Energy & Environment

Prerequisite 4: Building Energy Performance Mandatory

Intent

To reduce the hazardous impact on environment caused due to production of energy, specifically

electricity, by reducing electricity consumption in buildings through energy efficiency measures.

Compliance Requirements

To meet this prerequisite the building should target energy efficiency by following any one of the

compliance options specified below:

Option 1: Prescriptive Method

Conditioned Buildings:

In this option the building should show compliance with the Energy Conservation Building

Code (ECBC) through its prescriptive approach

In unconditioned spaces all the prescriptive requirements are to be met, except those

related Heating, Ventilation and Air- Conditioning (HVAC) category

Unconditioned Buildings:

Unconditioned buildings should show compliance with Energy Conservation Building Code

(ECBC) through its prescriptive approach, except in the Heating, Ventilation and Air-

Conditioning (HVAC) category

Option 1: Performance Method

Conditioned Buildings:

All buildings should meet the energy consumption of the baseline building defined by ECBC

in the Whole Building Performance approach

Unconditioned Buildings:

Implement various passive and active design strategies to decrease the energy consumption

and meet the comfort of the occupant.

Lighting consumption should be the same if not less, whether the building is conditioned or

unconditioned

Compliance Documentation

Select and submit all the applicable documents

Submit the ECBC prescriptive or performance (whichever is applicable)compliance forms as a

submittal

Submit the Basis of Design of the building, architectural drawings, and construction material

specifications. Manufacturer cut sheets showing the product or material specifications.

Explain the passive design features created to meet occupant comfort

Provide the lighting energy consumption details

70

Basis of the Credit

In most of the states in India, ECBC compliance is becoming mandatory for large scale buildings such as

multiplex, malls, etc. In Andhra Pradesh too, this is close to implementation. It is believed that ECBC has

is inspired by ASHRAE 90.1 code and was modified for Indian climatic zones. Hence, designing a building

as per ECBC is more practical, with the development in resources and awareness.

Since, India still has many midrise and small office building which are unconditioned, it is import to talk

about energy efficiency and comfort in unconditioned buildings too.

References:

S. Chary Vedala,Rajkiran V. Bilolikar, Srujana Nalam, David Foster, Anjali Jaiswal, Radhika Khosla,

Shravya Reddy, David Goldstein, Taking Energy Efficiency to New Heights: Analysis and

Recommendations for the Buildings Sector from the Hyderabad Experience, NRDC Issue Paper I

February 2011

Sanyogita Manu, Justin Wong, Rajan Rawal, PC Thomas, Satish Kumar, Aalok Deshmukh, An

Initial Parametric Evaluation Of The Impact Of The Energy Conservation Building Code Of India

On Commercial Building Sector, Proceedings of Building Simulation 2011: 12th Conference of

International Building Performance Simulation Association, Sydney, 14-16 November.

http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/centre-okays-support-for-energy-

conservation-building-code-in-ap-113082500494_1.html

71

Energy & Environment

Prerequisite 5: Fundamental Refrigerant Management Mandatory

Intent

To reduce stratospheric ozone depletion

Compliance Requirements

Do not use chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-based refrigerants in new heating, ventilating, air-conditioning, and

refrigeration (HVAC&R) systems. When reusing existing HVAC&R equipment, complete a comprehensive

CFC phase-out conversion before project completion.

Compliance Documentation

Provide a declaration signed by a responsible party declaring that the building HVAC systems

do not use CFC based refrigerants.

Provide brochures showing the details of refrigerant systems installed in the building

Credit References:

IGBC Green Homes

LEED 4 for New Constructions

72

Basis of the Credit

India ranks 23 in total CFCs emitted every year among all the countries in the World. Though India has

signed the Montreal Protocol (1992), there are many challenges in reducing and replacing older HVAC

and Refrigeration systems which use CFC’s in them. There is also an increasing demand in CFCs for

refrigeration and air conditioning units, despite the measures to reduce their use. There are many

challenges for the success of recovery and recycling in India, as it may not be economically driven.

References:

http://www.nationmaster.com/red/country/in-india/env-environment&all=1

Comments: This shows the standing total CFCs released in atmosphere and other

environmental data regarding India.

Sukumar Devotta, Saroja Asthana, Rahul Joshi, Challenges in recovery and recycling of

refrigerants from Indian refrigeration and air-conditioning service sector, Atmospheric

Environment, Volume 38, Issue 6, February 2004, Pages 845–854.

Comments: This paper shows the challenges faced by Indian government in reducing the

consumption of CFCs in refrigeration and air conditioning systems.

73

Energy & Environment

Credit 1: Optimize Building Energy Performance (2-8) Points

Intent

To reduce the hazardous impact on environment caused due to production of energy, specifically

electricity, by reducing electricity consumption in buildings through energy efficiency measures.

Compliance Requirements

To achieve points in this credit the building should target energy efficiency using Whole Building

Performance Rating approach of ECBC. The proposed design should perform better than the baseline

design of ECBC.

Conditioned Buildings:

In this option the building should show compliance with the Energy Conservation Building

Code (ECBC) through its whole building performance rating approach.

Unconditioned Buildings:

This credit is not applicable if the building is unconditioned

Points

% energy savings compared to baseline Points

10% 2

14% 4

16% 5

20% 6

25% 7

30% 8

Compliance Documentation

Select and submit all the applicable documents

Submit the ECBC performance compliance forms as a submittal

Submit the Basis of Design of the building, architectural drawings, and construction material

specifications.

Manufacturer cut sheets showing the product or material specifications.

74

Basis of the Credit

Enhancing energy performance of a building in Hyderabad is important. Diminishing energy production

resources and increasing consumption is putting the state under high pressure of power demand.

Conservation of energy is one way to decrease the power demand and improve the environment.

There are several case studies that demonstrate the potential of Energy Conservation Building Code in

decreasing the energy consumption in buildings. Some of them are provided in the reference section.

Though these are not from Hyderabad, they are similar hot climates within India.

References:

Mid-day outage leaves Hyderabad stifled

http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/midday-outage-leaves-hyderabad-

stifled/article4677686.ece, last accessed: 09/21/13

75

http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130305/news-current-affairs/article/hyderabad-gets-4-hour-

power-jolt, last accessed: 09/21/13

Electricity consumption per captia in India is 625.91 kWh in 2010

Comments: Increase by more than 100kWh in 5 years and the graph shows an increasing trend. Use of

energy efficiency measures should be a priority to decrease or at least maintain the energy consumption

per capita

76

Andhra Pradesh has 1% of the total crude oil reserves of India as of 2012 (Image

Source:http://mospi.nic.in/mospi_new/upload/Energy_Statistics_2013.pdf)

Comments: Low availability of crude oil in Andhra Pradesh, shows the importance of reducing energy

consumption and increasing the energy production from other sources

Andhra Pradesh has 3% of the total natural gas reserves of India as of 2012 (Image

Source:http://mospi.nic.in/mospi_new/upload/Energy_Statistics_2013.pdf)

Comments: Low availability of natural gas in Andhra Pradesh

77

Case Study of CESE IIT Kanpur (Image Source

:http://www.undp.org/content/dam/india/docs/energy_efficiency_improvements_in_commercial_build

ings_project_document.pdf)

Comments: This shows the potential of improving energy performance of the buildings

Ankur Tulsyan, Shivraj Dhaka,Jyotirmay Mathur, Jai Vardhan Yadav, Potential of energy savings

through implementation of Energy Conservation Building Code in Jaipur city, India, Energy and

Buildings, Volume 58, March 2013, Pages 123–130

78

S. Chary Vedala,Rajkiran V. Bilolikar, Srujana Nalam, David Foster, Anjali Jaiswal, Radhika Khosla,

Shravya Reddy, David Goldstein, Taking Energy Efficiency to New Heights: Analysis and

Recommendations for the Buildings Sector from the Hyderabad Experience, NRDC Issue Paper I

February 2011

Sanyogita Manu, Justin Wong, Rajan Rawal, PC Thomas, Satish Kumar, Aalok Deshmukh, An

Initial Parametric Evaluation Of The Impact Of The Energy Conservation Building Code Of India

On Commercial Building Sector, Proceedings of Building Simulation 2011: 12th Conference of

International Building Performance Simulation Association, Sydney, 14-16 November.

79

Energy & Environment

Credit 2: Building Level Energy Metering 1 Point

Intent

Support energy management and identify opportunities for additional energy savings by tracking

building-level energy use.

Compliance Requirements

Provide meters in all of the following systems:

· Energy meter for air-conditioning/ventilation systems.

· Energy meter for internal lighting

· Energy meter for external lighting

· Electricity consumption for chilled water consumption

· Energy meter for municipal water pumping

· Energy meter for grey water pumping

· Energy meter for water pumping for landscaping

Compliance Documentation

Submit a document which describes the metering equipment installed. Submit photographic evidence

confirming installation of meters. Provide a cut sheets for the meters installed.

Credit References: IGBC Green Homes

80

Basis of Credit: Most of the energy consumption in building in Hyderabad can be attributed to air-conditioning, refrigeration, pumping and lighting. Installing meters in these systems helps in identifying the major energy consuming equipment. It helps in developing a measurement and verification mechanism to compare predicted savings to actual energy performance. References: Inderjeet Singh, Axel Michaelowa, Indian Urban Building Sector: CDM Potential through Energy Efficiency in Electricity Consumption, Hamburg Institute of International Economics, 2004: ISSN 1616-4814 Comments: Shows the sector wise consumption of electricity in commercial building in India. Rural Electrification Corporation Limited

81

Energy & Environment

Credit 3: Enhance Commissioning & Post Occupancy Evaluation (2-4) Points

Intent

To ensure that the building and systems design, construction, and operation, meets the owner's

requirement and the design intent of a high performing building.

Compliance Requirements

Appoint a third party commissioning team who would commission, verify and monitor the building in

different stages of construction and post occupancy.

Option 1: Enhanced Commissioning (2 Points)

Along with the task specified in Prerequisite 2, the commissioning team needs to verify and commission

the building construction process and documentation.

Review construction drawings and submittals

verify all the mechanical system manuals to meet the requirements as per the design and

construction documentation

prepare construction crew, building operation team, and occupant training requirements

verify construction crew, building operation team training delivery and effectiveness

develop an on-going commissioning plan

AND

Option 2: Post Occupancy Evaluation (2 Points)

Along with the above specified tasks, and those mentioned in prerequisite 3, the commissioning team

should agree to conduct measurement and verification of the building and its systems 1 year post

occupancy. The following will be responsibilities of the team

Create a measurement and verification plan

monitor the energy consumption and systems performance data over a year post occupancy

prepare a report explaining the predicted and achieved performance

educate other stakeholder to improve the performance of the building if it is not meeting the

expected performance

submit a report explaining the changes that would be done in operation , maintenance and

occupant behavior to meet the target energy performance

Compliance Documentation

Option 1

Submit the commissioning plan

Submit a commissioning report to meet all the requirements specified in the credit

82

Provide photographs and manufacturer cut sheets of installed equipment and construction

material

Option 2

Submit a measurement and verification plan

Submit a ongoing commissioning plan for the post occupancy evaluation

Submit a report to meet all the requirements specified in the credit

Provide photographs and manufacturer cut sheets of installed equipment and construction

material

References:

LEED4 New Construction

Green Building Index, Malaysia

83

Basis of the Credit

Many times there is a huge gap between the predicted performance and the actual performance of the

building. A proper commissioning of the project can improve this state. Measurement and verification of

the systems onsite would help in identifying the problem area if any. Also, this provides a chance to

monitor the occupant behavior, train the O&M staff and the occupants.

References:

Natascha S Castro, The Importance of Building System Commissioning for Energy Performance,

http://www.ordemengenheiros.pt/fotos/dossier_artigo/2007_11_08_7jc_nataschacastro99606

92294df888381e8e4.pdf, last accessed: 09/21/13

http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/25/science/earth/new-york-citys-effort-to-track-energy-

efficiency-yields-some-surprises.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1&, last accessed: 09/23/13

LEED needs more verification, http://djcoregon.com/news/2010/07/14/leed-needs-more-

verification/, last accessed: 09/21/13

Some Buildings Not Living Up to Green Label,

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/31/science/earth/31leed.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0, last

accessed: 09/21/13

Ecolibrium, the Journal of the Australian Institute of Refrigeration, AC and Heating, 24-32 (February

2009

84

Energy & Environment

Credit 4: Onsite Renewable Energy Generation (1-4) Points

Intent Promote self-sufficiency in energy through renewable technologies for on-site power generation and use within the building. Compliance Options Install renewable energy systems for at least 2.5% of annual energy consumption of the building. Credits awarded for on-site renewable energy generation are as below: · 1 Credit for production of ≥ 2.5% of annual energy consumption of building · 2 Credits for production of ≥ 5 % of annual energy consumption of building · 3 Credits for production of ≥ 7.5% of annual energy consumption of building · 4 Credits for production of ≥ 10 % of annual energy consumption of building Compliance Documentation Submit installation design for renewable energy source. Submit cut sheets from manufacturers and provide purchase invoice. Provide photographs showing the systems installed on site. Provide metered readings showing energy produced from the systems. Credit References: IGBC Green Homes

85

Basis of Credit: Hyderabad experiences lot of power cuts throughout the year and the frequency of power cuts in Hyderabad are greater during summers as there is increased use of air conditioning during the season. To be able to produce on-site renewable energy will help to overcome the power shortage experienced by the building if this power can be stored and used at times of need. It also reduces the environmental impacts which are caused due to power production from fossil fuels. Reference: Andhra Pradesh Electricity Regulatory commission, http://www.aperc.gov.in/OtherOrders/2013/r&camendorder15062013.pdf Comment: This letter shows the different between the demand and generation of electricity in the state of Andhra Pradesh for which Hyderabad is the capital city.

Power Shortage goes up in State, The Hindu, 22 September, 2011

http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/power-shortage-goes-up-in-

state/article2475597.ece.

Comment: This is an article giving an example of power scarcity in the state of Andhra Pradesh and the

likelihood for increase in power shortage in near future.

86

Energy & Environment

Credit 5: Green Power and Carbon Offsets (2-6) Points

Intent:

Encourage investments in off-site renewable energy technologies to be supported to the grid.

Compliance Requirement:

The building must make investments for producing green power or carbon offsets by installing off-site

renewable energy technologies anywhere in the country or invest in green power produced in other

facilities, for a minimum of 5 years. The amount of green power generated, carbon offsets from these

investments must be equal to at least 50% of total energy requirement of the building. Points are

awarded as below:

· 2 Credits for investment ≥ 50%

· 4 Credits for investment ≥ 75%

· 6 Credits for investment of 100%

Compliance Documentation:

Provide documents indicating the green power provider with the contract details. Provide

documentation showing annual energy production and total greenhouse power purchase.

Credit References: · IGBC Green Factory Building · LEED 4 for New Constructions

87

Basis of Credit: Since Hyderabad is a growing city, the energy demand for the city keeps increasing each year. With current deficit in energy supply where most of the energy is generated through coal and Hydroelectricity, having alternative power generation options through renewable energy technologies would help lower the gap between demand and supply. Encouraging investments in green energy will increase its production. Having investments in carbon offsets will help reduce the effects of greenhouse gas emissions by the building.

References:

P. Balachandra, Darshini Ravindranath, N.H. Ravindranath, Energy efficiency in India: Assessing the

policy regimes and their impacts, Energy Policy, Volume 38, Issue 11, November 2010, Pg:6428-6438.

Renewable energy potential and achievements in India:

Energy sources Potential Achievement as on 31.12.2002

India's position in the world

Biogas plants 12 million 3.37 million Second

Improved chulhas 120 million 33.9 million Second

Wind 45,000 MW 1702 MW Fifth

Small hydro 15,000 MW 1463 MW Tenth

Biomass 19,000 MW 468 MW Fourth

Power/Cogeneration

Biomass gasifiers 53 MW First

Solar PV 20 MW/sq. km 107 MWp Third

Waste-to-energy 2,500 MW 25 MWe

Solar water heating 140 million sq.m 0.68 million sq.m

Integrated Energy Policy Report of Expert Committee, Government of India, Planning Commission, New

Delhi. http://planningcommission.nic.in/reports/genrep/rep_intengy.pdf

88

75.67% of total energy consumption is fossil fuel energy in 2010 Comments: More than 3/4th of the total energy consumption is from the energy produced by fossil fuel and this is increasing. Fossil fuels are limited resources. This shows the need for renewable energy sources.

Carbon emission per capita is 1.66 Metric Tons in 2009

89

83% of electricity produced is through coal, oil or gas

Comments: While the world average is 66% of electricity through coal, oil or gas, 83% of electricity produced in India is from coal, oil, or gas

90

Energy & Environment

Credit 6: Peak Load Reduction (1-3) Points

Intent: Encourage energy conservation and methods to reduce peak electricity demand. Compliance Option: Reduce the peak electricity demand in the year by 1 to 3 credits for a reduction in the maximum electricity demand by 15%, 23% and 30% respectively. Compliance Documentation: Submit building energy simulation results to determine the peak load for the building. Provide photographs and details of the limiters installed to control the energy usage of the appliances during peak periods.

Credit Reference: BEAM Plus for New Buildings (Hong Kong)

Basis for Credit: The consumption of energy in building in Hyderabad is higher during summer months due to higher temperatures. Hence the electricity consumption is very high during this season while there is no particular space heating required during winter due to the moderate cold temperature. With all the building having peak electricity demand during summer months resulting in frequent number of power cuts during this period due to gap between of electricity generation and demand.

References:

Andhra Pradesh Electricity Regulatory commission,

http://www.aperc.gov.in/OtherOrders/2013/r&camendorder15062013.pdf

Comments: This letter gives a concern for electricity deficiency to meet the demand during off peak and peak times.

91

Energy & Environment

Credit 7: Shared Systems/Systems Integration (2-4) Points

Intent

To reduce energy waste and total energy consumed by a building

Compliance Requirements

Option 1: Active Systems (2 Points)

The project team should come up with innovative systems that can recover energy. Some examples of

such systems are:

Thermal Energy Storage

Cogeneration systems

Option 2: Passive Technologies (2 Points)

Incorporate passive design features in the building to reduce the energy consumption in the building.

Utilize the energy, comfort, and daylight that can be provided by the elements of nature such as sun,

wind, and water. Such features can have other purpose such as aesthetics, landscape, etc.

Some such passive strategies could be:

a wind tower

water features to provide evaporative cooling

a greenhouse

Option 2 Applicability:

If the project is attempting EE Credit 1: Optimize Building Energy Performance, only those passive

strategies which cannot be modeled by the energy simulation software used in EE Credit 1, will be

considered in this credit.

Compliance Documentation

Option 1: Active Systems

Provide a detailed design document

Submit technical details and manufacturer cut sheets of the systems used on site

Provide photographs of the systems installed onsite

Option 2: Passive Technologies

Provide a detailed design document and technical details of the systems used on site

Submit a detailed report with relevant case studies and literature to show that the adopted

technologies can potentially reduce the energy consumption in the building

92

Credit References

Green Star for Offices, Australia

Basis of the Credit

In India, where the active technologies for energy efficiency in buildings are still developing, it is

important to credit a project which can overcome all the setbacks (market- availability, installation,

operation) and implement such technologies.

On other hand, there are several vernacular buildings in India which never used mechanical systems but

maintained thermal comfort within the buildings. Encouraging to learn from the past is important since

those passive technologies always consume less energy.

References:

Manojkumar Borekar, Design, Development & Study Of A Latent Heat Storage System For The

Replacement Of Cooling Tower For DGSet And Recovery Of Waste Heat

BEE, 2010 Detailed Project Report on Low Loss & Compact Thermal Storage System of 420 TRH

http://www.ge-energy.com/solutions/biogas_application_for_gas_engines.jsp, last accessed:

09/23/13

http://www.ge-energy.com/solutions/cogeneration_of_heat_and_power.jsp, last accessed:

09/23/13

Passive Solar Industries Council, National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Charles Eley

Associates, Passive Solar Design Strategies: Guidelines for Home Building

Dr Anupama Sharma,K K Dhote, R Tiwari, Climatic Responsive Energy Efficient Passive

Techniques in Buildings

Aniza Abdul Aziz, Yasmin Mohd Adnan, Incorporation of innovative passive architectural

features in office building design towards achieving operational cost saving-the move to

enhance sustainable development.

93

Passive Innovations - "Appropriate Technologies" - Anangpur Building Center, India

94

http://www.carboun.com/sustainable-design/passive-cooling-responding-to-uae%E2%80%99s-

soaring-electricity-demand/

95

Energy & Environment

Credit 8: Low Embodied Energy 2 Points

Intent

To reduce the overall source energy consumption of the project

Compliance Requirements

Demonstrate the use of low embodied energy construction through life cycle analysis calculation of the

building envelope

The assessment covers only the elements and materials used in the building foundations, building core,

walls, etc, i.e., major elements of building structure include building façade and primary and secondary

structures, but do not include building services system at the calculation.

Compliance Documentation

Provide life cycle analysis calculation to demonstrate the incorporation of low embodied energy

material.

Compare it with the regular material and construction techniques used in a similar building to

show the advantages in overall energy consumption.

Submit technical details and manufacturer cut sheets of the materials and construction

techniques used on site

Credit References

BEAM Plus for New Buildings, Hong Kong

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Basis of the Credit

It is essential to improve awareness of the concept of embodied energy. Many project understand the

benefits of energy savings in the building, which provide direct cost benefits to the owner. However, it is

important for the project to be environmentally responsible and decrease the overall energy that goes

into production and transportation of material.

References:

http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/embodied-energy-demystified

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http://theenergycollective.com/cdemorsella/48566/embodied-energy-measure-sustainability

Azadeh Sagheb, Ehsan Vafaeihosseini, Pradeep Kumar Ramancharla, The Role of Building

Construction Materials on Global Warming: Lessons for Architects, National Conference on

Recent Trends in Civil Mechanical Engineering

"Hollow Core Interlocking Blocks" by Anangpur Building Center, India - an example for low

embodied energy walling material

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"Funicular Shell" by Anangpur Building Center, India - an example for low embodied energy

roofing material