emc design recommendation on i.mxrt series

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1 Introduction Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) plays an important role in the contemporary product performance, so it is the prime reliability problem for electronic equipment. Bad design may cause huge problems, so EMC is valued at the first stage of a design. This document introduces how to make EMC design reasonable based on i.MXRT series and helps users to maintain robustness of the EMC performance in their products. 2 Overview 2.1 Basic knowledge of EMC theory Electromagnetic interference is one of the major problems in modern electronic systems. Designers need to pay attention on it at the early stages of the design to prevent schedule delay issues caused by EMC problem. To achieve electromagnetic compatibility, enough EMC knowledge and good practice in EMC implementation are needed in all design phases. A simple EMI model consists of EMI source, coupling path and receptor, as shown in Figure 1. Contents 1 Introduction......................................1 2 Overview......................................... 1 2.1 Basic knowledge of EMC theory ..................................................... 1 2.2 Basic rules for EMC design..........2 3 Schematic design............................ 3 3.1 Crystal circuit............................... 3 3.2 Reset circuit................................. 3 3.3 Unused pins................................. 4 3.4 Board-to-board interfaces............ 4 3.5 Communication interfaces........... 6 3.6 Sensitive signals impacted by ground bounce............................. 8 3.7 Power supply topology................. 8 4 Layout design.................................. 9 4.1 Power supply routing and grounding..................................... 9 4.2 Placement.................................. 10 4.3 Bypass and decoupling.............. 11 4.4 DCDC circuit.............................. 11 4.5 Crystal oscillator circuit.............. 12 4.6 High speed signal...................... 12 4.7 Shield connection...................... 13 4.8 Isolation......................................14 4.9 Signal return path...................... 14 5 Software design............................ 15 5.1 Location of code running........... 15 5.2 Filter setting for some peripherals ................................................... 15 5.3 IO drive strength........................ 16 5.4 Clock spread spectrum.............. 16 6 EMC test........................................18 6.1 Introduction................................ 18 6.2 EMC test results.........................19 7 Conclusion.....................................20 8 Reference...................................... 20 9 Revision history............................. 20 AN13202 EMC Design Recommendation on i.MXRT Series Rev. 0 — 03/2021 Application Note

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1 IntroductionElectromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) plays an important role in thecontemporary product performance, so it is the prime reliability problem forelectronic equipment. Bad design may cause huge problems, so EMC isvalued at the first stage of a design. This document introduces how to makeEMC design reasonable based on i.MXRT series and helps users to maintainrobustness of the EMC performance in their products.

2 Overview

2.1 Basic knowledge of EMC theoryElectromagnetic interference is one of the major problems in modern electronicsystems. Designers need to pay attention on it at the early stages of the designto prevent schedule delay issues caused by EMC problem.

To achieve electromagnetic compatibility, enough EMC knowledge and goodpractice in EMC implementation are needed in all design phases.

A simple EMI model consists of EMI source, coupling path and receptor, asshown in Figure 1.

Contents

1 Introduction......................................12 Overview......................................... 12.1 Basic knowledge of EMC theory

.....................................................12.2 Basic rules for EMC design..........23 Schematic design............................33.1 Crystal circuit............................... 33.2 Reset circuit................................. 33.3 Unused pins.................................43.4 Board-to-board interfaces............ 43.5 Communication interfaces........... 63.6 Sensitive signals impacted by

ground bounce.............................83.7 Power supply topology.................84 Layout design..................................94.1 Power supply routing and

grounding.....................................94.2 Placement..................................104.3 Bypass and decoupling..............114.4 DCDC circuit.............................. 114.5 Crystal oscillator circuit.............. 124.6 High speed signal...................... 124.7 Shield connection...................... 134.8 Isolation......................................144.9 Signal return path...................... 145 Software design............................ 155.1 Location of code running........... 155.2 Filter setting for some peripherals

...................................................155.3 IO drive strength........................ 165.4 Clock spread spectrum.............. 166 EMC test........................................186.1 Introduction................................ 186.2 EMC test results.........................197 Conclusion.....................................208 Reference......................................209 Revision history.............................20

AN13202EMC Design Recommendation on i.MXRT SeriesRev. 0 — 03/2021 Application Note

Figure 1. EMI elements

As shown in Figure 1, reducing noise from EMI source, altering coupling path and improving the immunity of the receptor caneliminate the EMI issues in the system.

• Reducing noise from EMI source may include:

— Reducing loops area from the noise source

— Using of slower rising and falling edge repetition signal in noise source

— Reducing driving signal

— Adding filtering

— Shielding noise source circuitry

— Driving signal strength

— Filtering circuit

• Eliminating coupling path may include:

— Moving victim far away from the noise source

— Avoiding PCB traces coupling and power domains coupling between receptor and noise source

• Increasing immunity of victim may include:

— Reducing loops area from the PCB trace which is related to the victim

— Providing low impedance return path and reference power domains plane for signal traces related to the victim

2.2 Basic rules for EMC designTo better understand how to achieve the immunity (susceptibility) and emission requirements, some guidelines as below can helpdesigners to eliminate potential risks of redesigning system.

• There are different susceptibility requirements in electronic system but Radiated Immunity (RI) and Electrostatic Discharge(ESD) test are basically same in modern electronic system.

• In RI test, the test system, EUT, will be exposed to high energy and very high frequency, so the circuit components,in EUT, will be affected in some way. The basic design approach is to keep the sensitive component, microcontroller,contamination out of the signal and power lines with predefined spectrum range (e.g. 10 - 900 MHz) .

• ESD generates short duration and high energy pluses (e.g. DC – 300 MHz) that will be introduced into EUT. It may causedamage to some sensitive components in EUT. The basic design approach is to prevent sensitive circuit interfered by theESD high frequency components. Therefore, a system tends to provide high impedance with respect to chassis ground onsignal and power lines to eliminate the ESD current and energy input to the sensitive component.

NXP SemiconductorsOverview

EMC Design Recommendation on i.MXRT Series, Rev. 0, 03/2021Application Note 2 / 21

• For the emission, EUT provides assurance to a certain extent that it will not produce electromagnetic emissions to affectother equipments. In general, many basic design techniques used in RI and ESD can be applied to solve emission issues.The basic approach is to eliminate the high frequency interference voltage and current generation from EUT.

Some basic techniques, like component selection and PCB layout in Designing for Board Level Electromagnetic Compatibility(document AN2321), can be applied to immunity and emission area mentioned above.

3 Schematic designThe circuits listed below are more critical to affect EMC/EMI/ESD performance.

• Crystal circuit

• Reset circuit

• Unused pins disposition

• Interface of board to board

• Communication interface

• Power topology

This chapter introduces the detailed design aspects. It takes a concentrator board using i.MX RT1060 processor as an exampleto introduce the design rules related to these aspects.

3.1 Crystal circuitFor i.MXRT series, an external 24 MHz crystal is required for the primary clock reference. The reference clocks with external clocksources, such as active oscillators, are acceptable. An external oscillator has better ESD performance than a crystal. Accordingto our experiments, the performance of the systems using oscillator as a reference, compared to using crystal, improves about 2KV ESD.

Using internal clock as reference clock can improve EMC performance, but for RT10XX series, internal clock doesn't support tobe PLL reference clock, and any other part that supports this feature will be taken as an EMC improvement.

3.2 Reset circuitThe chip has a System Reset Controller (SRC) managing the various reset signals. The external reset signal is routed to SRC viaa reset pin named POR_B.

A voltage supervisor IC is recommend to control POR_B. It provides reliable reset signal and monitors the power supply for lowvoltage detection, which can help to avoid the potential EMC issue.

To avoid the noise Interference in poor EMC condition, place a RC circuit close to POR_B pins, which can decouple noise andimprove EMC performance.

Figure 2 shows one POR circuit as reference.

NXP SemiconductorsSchematic design

EMC Design Recommendation on i.MXRT Series, Rev. 0, 03/2021Application Note 3 / 21

Figure 2. Chip POR circuit

As the POR_B is driven by multiple sources, either of the below is required:

1. The output of the supervisor IC is open-drain output type.

2. An inverse diode connected into the supervisor IC’s output if it has a push-pull output.

POR_B is in SNVS power domain of the processor, so it needs to be pulled up to the power supply of SNVS.

3.3 Unused pinsUnused pins possibly impact EMC performance. They probably increase power consumption and the related GPIO status maybe changed under poor EMC conditions. For instance, a pin with High-Z impedance input, under poor EMC conditions, probablyfrequently switches status, which increases the power consumption and causes other EMC issues.

Do not connect unused pins directly to GND, as the GPIO configuration registers may be changed under poor EMC conditions.If the output is high in this case, big current will be generated and the pin may be damaged.

Generally, the datasheet provides the recommendations for unused pins connections. Follow the below rules:

• Refer to the datasheet to determine whether the unused pins are allowed to be floating or not.

• If a pin is allowed to be floating, configure it as GPIO and outputs 0 or 1.

• If a pin isn’t allowed to be floating, it is suggested to pull-down to GND with a resistor like 10 kΩ.

3.4 Board-to-board interfacesCheck signal loop for some signals being across board-to-board connection. Big signal/power loop possibly gets the poor EMCperformance and gets EMC issue. Figure 3 shows a bad example.

NXP SemiconductorsSchematic design

EMC Design Recommendation on i.MXRT Series, Rev. 0, 03/2021Application Note 4 / 21

Figure 3. Example of board to board connection

The system has two boards, the power board and the processor control board. The AC signal is from the power board to theprocessor control board, so the signal loop with high impedance from VDDA through operational amplifier(U28)to AGND is solong. It will couple more noise and input into the processor.

There are two solutions to shorten signal loops in the design shown in Figure 3.

1. Move PT1 to the processor control board, and input signal loop of amplifying is shortened a lot. The EMC performancewith Direct Contact Discharge is improved from from 4 KV to 8 KV.

2. Move the operational amplifier circuit to the power board and connect VDDA and AGND to the power board. It gets asmall loop among the ADC signal, VDDA, and AGND, to improve EMC performance.

For a processor IO directly connecting to a connector, introduce a TVS component as ESD protection. Another low-cost solution isto add RC components as shown in Figure 4. For the R/C values, consider the IO operating frequency and set the RC time constantfar less than the signal period.

Figure 4. Example of IO interface

If there are high-speed signals or clock signals in board-to-board interface, it possibly gets EMI issue due to long signal loop andbig harmonic energy. To reduce the signal loop and harmonic energy, place the GND signals close to high-speed signals and

NXP SemiconductorsSchematic design

EMC Design Recommendation on i.MXRT Series, Rev. 0, 03/2021Application Note 5 / 21

reserve the serial resistor on board. If the signals support to change drive strength by software, lower drive strength to reduceharmonic energy.

3.5 Communication interfacesRegarding the communication interfaces, take below actions to improve the EMI and ESD performance.

• Connect TVS diodes for all signals from/to the connectors for transient voltage suppression.

• Connect a ferrite bead between power supplies of connectors and the power supplies of the board to isolate highfrequency noise.

• Connect a common mode choke between a pair of differential signals to remove high frequency common mode noise.

• Connect parallel RC or ferrite bead components between the connector’s metal shield and the board GND.

3.5.1 USBTake below solutions to improve EMC performance.

• TVS arrays is recommended for ESD protection on VBUS, D+, D-, and ID.

• To improve EMI performance, connect the common mode choke to USB signal.

• Ferrite beads on power pin (VBUS,GND) are introduced to isolate high frequency noise.

• To improve ESD performance, take RC or Ferrite bead to isolate USB shield and board GND.

Figure 5 is an example circuit used in i.MXRT1060 concentrator board.

NXP SemiconductorsSchematic design

EMC Design Recommendation on i.MXRT Series, Rev. 0, 03/2021Application Note 6 / 21

Figure 5. USB circuit

3.5.2 EthernetFor Ethernet design, a recommend design from EMC view as below:

• Use the TVS arrays for ESD protection on signals TXP, TXN, RXP, and RXN.

• Use the ferrite bead to isolate high frequency noise from the transformer.

• To improve ESD performance, use RC or Ferrite bead to isolate Ethernet shield and board GND.

Figure 6 is an example circuit used in i.MXRT1060 concentrator board.

NXP SemiconductorsSchematic design

EMC Design Recommendation on i.MXRT Series, Rev. 0, 03/2021Application Note 7 / 21

Figure 6. Ethernet circuit

3.5.3 JTAGJTAG is the popular interface for debug during developing phase. It is sensitive and easy to get issues under the condition of poorelectrical magnetic environment. Reserve the serial 0ohm resistor on JTAG signals during developing phase and remove 0ohmresistors to disconnect JTAG signals on production.

3.6 Sensitive signals impacted by ground bouncei.MXRT series contains multiple power domains, like SEMC, SD0, SD1, NVCC_GPIO, and so on. i.MXRT series supports multipleparallel protocol interface, like SDRAM, LCD, CSI. These parallel interfaces work and multiple IOs change logic status from 1 to0 or from 0 to 1 at the same time, to get the parasitic capacitor and inductance charge and discharge frequently. It creates theringing on the ground plane and DC supply rail. This situation possibly impacts some sensitive signals, especially those that havethe same power domain with these parallel interfaces.

For example, the General Purpose Timer (GPT) module supports capture feature. Two GPT capture pins remap to GPIO_EMC_40and GPIO_EMC_41, whose edge is sensitive for capture function. It possibly gets false trigger if ground issue occurs due to SDRAMworking, because pins of GPIO_EMC_00 to GPIO_EMC_39 are in the same power domain and get big impact.

To avoid this issue, follow suggestions as below:

1. To avoid or reduce ground bounce, follow the layout suggestion of high speed signals shown in Layout design.

2. Do not assign the sensitive signals to the same power domain with parallel interface.

3. To avoid or reduce ground bounce, add external RC circuit to sensitive signals.

3.7 Power supply topologyPlan the power topology at the beginning of design, including power components selection, voltage for each power rail, powersequence and so on. should be considered firstly. The power diagram for schematic design can give a clear picture of wholepower supply.

NXP SemiconductorsSchematic design

EMC Design Recommendation on i.MXRT Series, Rev. 0, 03/2021Application Note 8 / 21

Table 1 takes i.MXRT1060 concentrator board as example to summarizes the power domains of these reference design in details.

Table 1. Power domains of concentrator board

Power domain name Default voltage(V)

Descriptions

SYS_5V 5 • Supplied from jack, or the ACDC board, or the USB OTG/device VBUS.

• Powering the DCDC convertor and USB host

RS485_5V 5• Supplied by the ACDC board.

• Powering RS485 interface.

SYS_3V3 3.3• Generated from the DCDC convertor.

• Powering supply for the processor and most of the on board components.

MCU_VDD 3.3• Derived from SYS_3V3.

• Powering main power of the processor, such as, DCDC_IN, VDD_HIGH_IN,VDDA, and various IO domains.

VDDA 3.3• Derived from MCU_VDD.

• Powering processor VDDA_ADC_3P3 and on-board analog components.

MCU_VDD_SNVS 3.3• Generated from an LDO or battery.

• Powering processor VDD_SNVS_IN.

DCDC_OUT 1.0• Output of the internal DCDC convertor.

• Powering VDD_SOC_IN.

VDD_SOC_IN 1.0 • Derived from DCDC_OUT for the processor core domain.

USB_OTG1_VBUS 5.0 • VBUS of USB_OTG1.

USB_OTG2_VBUS 5.0 • VBUS of USB_OTG1.

VDD_GPRS 4.0• Generated from an LDO which powered by SYS_5V.

• Powering external GPRS module.

4 Layout design

4.1 Power supply routing and grounding

4.1.1 PCB stack-upThere are high speed signal interfaces in i.MXRT series design, such as SEMC, Octal SPI and LCD, so a PCB layout with at least4-layer stack-up design is strongly recommended.

The below lists some advantages of the 4-layer stack-up design:

• There will be ground and power plane well used as reference in controlled impedance line for high speed and differentialsignals.

NXP SemiconductorsLayout design

EMC Design Recommendation on i.MXRT Series, Rev. 0, 03/2021Application Note 9 / 21

• The ground and power plane provides a shorter signal current return loop, and reduce the ground-power impedance.

• The larger current return loop is directly related to a larger loop antenna and the size of antenna directly affects thegeneration of noise. Shortening the antenna can avoid the EMI interference and improve the EMC performance efficiently.

Figure 7 shows an example for 4-layer stack-up design.

Figure 7. PCB stack-up

Figure 8. Impedance control in signal layer

4.1.2 Power and ground planeIn multi-layer board layout design, to reduce the impedance of power and ground plane, assign the independent power andground plane.

• 20-H rule is the guideline for multi-layers board design with power and ground plane. The rule suggests the ground planeshould be expanded beyond the power plane by 20 times the distance between the two plane. That is for reducing theinfluence of fringing field radiation at the edges of the board.

• Place more ground vias on a complete, continuous and solid plane for power and ground.

• Enlarge the plane area and place the connecting vias at a suitable position. It could make the power and ground plane inlower impedance, which can help to provide a low impedance return loop for signal return current.

• Avoid across reference planes when doing signal trace routing.

4.2 PlacementWhen placing components in PCB layout, pay attention to the below points. Before doing the component placement, sort thedifferent function circuit, such as power supply, analog circuit, digital circuit and high speed interface connector. These circuitsshould be placed to different area of PCB board.

• Place the power supply circuit together with the board power supply input. Place the component from high voltage to lowvoltage circuit.

• Place the decoupling capacitors of DC/DC or LDO voltage regulator as close as possible to the input and output port.

• Compared with digital circuit, the analog circuit is more sensitive. Place the analog circuit away from high voltage and highspeed digital circuit, which can reduce the coupling path of noise.

• Keep enough clearance between high speed interface connector and sensitive component.

• Pay more attention to RF, AD/DA and analog sensor circuit, as they are more sensitive to noise.

NXP SemiconductorsLayout design

EMC Design Recommendation on i.MXRT Series, Rev. 0, 03/2021Application Note 10 / 21

• Place the crystal as close as possible and surround with ground plane. Keep safety distance from other sensitivecomponent.

4.3 Bypass and decouplingPlace the small decoupling capacitors and the larger bulk capacitors close to MCU power pin. Get current first pass throughcapacitor and then go to power pin.

For BGA package, place the decoupling capacitors and the bulk capacitors as close as possible to the power balls. It is critical tominimize parasitic inductance and maintain high-speed transient current as the demand of the processor.

For the current return path of decoupling and bypass capacitors, keep the return path as short as possible.

NOTE

See Figure 9 for decoupling capacitor routing.

Figure 9. Decoupling and bypass capacitors placement and return current loop

4.4 DCDC circuitThe internal DC/DC of i.MXRT family contains one or two outputs for the core platform supply and its switching frequency is about1.5 MHz.

The DC/DC requires external inductor and capacitors. See the hardware design guide for the external inductor and capacitorscomponent selection.

To keep good EMC performance, the below items are critical for the layout of DCDC circuit.

• Keep the DC/DC current loop as small as possible to avoid EMI issues.

• Enable current first pass through filter capacitors and then go to pins.

• Avoid unnecessary via between inductor and bulk capacitors.

See Figure 10 for reference to trace route out from RT1062 DCDC_LP. Directly route to L7 (4.7uH) inductor without any via andthen current pass through C41 and C42. Directly connect the ground of C41 and C42 to RT1062 DCDC GND, which gets shortreturn path with small impedance.

NXP SemiconductorsLayout design

EMC Design Recommendation on i.MXRT Series, Rev. 0, 03/2021Application Note 11 / 21

Figure 10. DCDC layout on i.MXRT1062

4.5 Crystal oscillator circuitThere are two kinds of crystal oscillator circuit on PCB board: crystal and external oscillator. The crystal is connected betweenXTALIN and XTALOUT of MCU pins. The crystal/oscillator is the source of noise and also a sensitive victim. So it should be wellprotected and routed carefully. Some experienced routing methods are strongly recommended.

• The route trace between crystal and XTALIN/XTALOUT should as short as possible. Also keep the length of the twotraces equivalent.

• Place the load capacitors and feedback resistors near the crystal to reduce the influence of parasitic parameters.

• Keep isolation with GROUND between crystal and other circuit components.

• Keep a solid GND plane directly under the crystal-associated components and trace.

• Do not route signal traces across the area under the crystal and under-plane.

• Improve the drive strength of oscillator will get better EMS performance, but possibly increase power consumption andEMI influence.

• External oscillator may have better EMS performance than crystal.

4.6 High speed signalThe following list provides recommendations for routing the traces of high-speed signals.

To well communicate with the devices, consider the propagation delay and the impedance control.

NOTE

• The high-speed signals (SDRAM, RMII, RGMII, USB, Display, Hyper flash, SD card) must not cross gaps in the referenceplane.

• Avoid creating slots, voids, and splits in the reference planes.

• Provide ground return vias within a 100-mil from the signal layer-transition vias when transitioning must between differentreference ground planes.

• The clocks or strobes that are on the same layer need at least 2.5 times spacing from the adjacent traces (2.5 timesheight from the reference plane) to reduce crosstalk.

NXP SemiconductorsLayout design

EMC Design Recommendation on i.MXRT Series, Rev. 0, 03/2021Application Note 12 / 21

• Match the data, address, clock, and CMD trace lengths (length delta depends on the bus rates), and ensure to keep thesame via number.

Figure 11 shows example for SDRAM routing.

Figure 11. High speed signal trace between RT1060 MCU and SDRAM

4.7 Shield connectionSome jacks are metal or with a conductive housing, reveal out of case or touchable, design consideration with ESD immunity isvery important, for example, USB and Ethernet jack, some basic design rules as below:

• Place a separate shield (ethernet/USB) chassis ground under the jack.

• Connect the chassis ground to the rest of the PCB GND with RC or ferrite beads. The location and value selection iscritical to EMC and EMI performance.

• Keep chassis ground return loop as small as possible and avoid to across key signals or components, such as,microcontroller.

Figure 12 shows an example.

Figure 12. Shield connection example

NXP SemiconductorsLayout design

EMC Design Recommendation on i.MXRT Series, Rev. 0, 03/2021Application Note 13 / 21

Instead of directly connecting to the board digital GND, route shield GND passing through RC circuit or ferrite bead to power supplyGND. To prevent noise interference from digital GND, protect sensitive signals.

4.8 IsolationIsolation is frequently used in design, for example, isolate strong power and weak power, or different power domain. Thisdocument takes RS485 circuit used in i.MXRT1060 concentrator board as an example to introduce layout consideration.

An optical isolator IC is used to isolate RS485 receiver and system MCU IO. To improve the isolation performance, employ theisolation gap under the RS485 receiver, in all planes (Top/Power/GND/Bottom).

Figure 13 shows an example for RS485 with isolation circuit.

Figure 13. RS485 IO isolation gap

4.9 Signal return pathAn electrical circuit has a close loop between source and terminal device. Up to now, the signal return loop is discussed morefrequently than power one. In fact, both the signal and power have their own current return loop. The ground plane can be thereference plane for signal and power, and the power plane can also be the reference plane for signal. The smaller area andimpedance of return loop is, the less impact of cross talk and Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). Figure 14 shows a DC-DCregulator circuit. The decoupling capacitors are placed close to the input/output port and the return current can loop back from toplayer to minimize the return current loop and impedance.

NXP SemiconductorsLayout design

EMC Design Recommendation on i.MXRT Series, Rev. 0, 03/2021Application Note 14 / 21

Figure 14. DC-DC current return loop path

Considering the signal return path, avoid the slot on current return loop path. Remember that the smaller area for the current returnloop leads to the better performance for EMC design.

5 Software designSoftware is a good solution to improve EMC performance. Software can improve the system robustness with no extra cost added.For details, see below points on i.MXRT series.

5.1 Location of code runningi.MXRT series support to execute code in:

• XIP flash, such as, QSPI flash interface with FlexSPI module

• Internal SRAM

• External RAM, such as, SDRAM

It can get better performance in internal SRAM compared to external SRAM and XIP flash.

Code is easily interfered by noise when running in external memory. To improve performance, put code into internal SRAM.

5.2 Filter setting for some peripheralsSome peripherals support digital filter to avoid noise interference, such as LPI2C, FlexCAN,ENC and tamper pins in i.MXRTseries. This feature can filter the noise input with specified periods. Figure 15 shows the digital filter.

NXP SemiconductorsSoftware design

EMC Design Recommendation on i.MXRT Series, Rev. 0, 03/2021Application Note 15 / 21

Figure 15. Digital filter working

As shown in Figure 15, noise can be filtered out by configuring the glitch filter width according to application. To improve EMCperformance, enable the filter configuration.

Taking i.MXRT1060 concentrator board as an example, it fails during the EFT test with 4 KV level. LPI2C fails to work during EFTtest. After LPI2C glitch filter is enabled, it can pass EFT test with 4.5 KV level.

5.3 IO drive strengthGenerally, Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) issue can be caused by high speed clock or fast IO switching. For the I/O, especiallythe high speed interface, fast I/O switching contains many high frequency harmonic energy, which easily produces EMI issue.To reduce harmonic impact, cascaded one right resistor to slow down the edge of I/O and reduce overshot and undershot.Fortunately, i.MXRT series provide the capacity to configure IO drive strength by the software. Software solution can get similarresults, which can save cost and is easy to use.

When the production gets the EMI issue, try to find out interference source by analysis harmonic and try to reduce the related I/Odrive strength, which can help to solve EMI issue.

For example, on the RT1060 EMC concentrator board, more harmonic at multiple of 50 MHz and analysis system are found andENET REF_CLK is 50 Mhz. After changing the ENET REF_CLK pad setting from 0x31 to 0x21 to lower the drive strength, noise atmultiple of 50 MHz can be reduced.

5.4 Clock spread spectrumSystem PLL is a clock source for internal system buses, internal processing logic, SDRAM interface, and NAND/NOR interfacemodules, etc. The system PLL and these peripheral working frequency are very high, which is the main source to createelectromagnetic emission. Figure 16 shows the narrow-band signals and signal strength to be concentrated.

NXP SemiconductorsSoftware design

EMC Design Recommendation on i.MXRT Series, Rev. 0, 03/2021Application Note 16 / 21

Figure 16. Narrow-band signals

To reduce signal concentrated, a spread-spectrum technique is introduced. It gets the energy of the clock within a certainbandwidth to be dispersion and the peak amplitude of the electromagnetic energy level is reduced, as shown in Figure 17.

Figure 17. Spread spectrum signals

NXP SemiconductorsSoftware design

EMC Design Recommendation on i.MXRT Series, Rev. 0, 03/2021Application Note 17 / 21

The System PLL i.MXRT series offers the spread spectrum supported. If peripherals take this PLL as clock source, enable thisfeature to reduce EMI impact. For detailed information on how to enable this feature, see How to Enable Spread Spectrum for RTFamily (document AN12879).

In RT1060 concentrator board, after enabling spread spectrum feature on system PLL, it improves by about 5 dbm, as shown inFigure 18.

Figure 18. Comparison of spread spectrum function

6 EMC testTaking MIMXRT1062 concentrator board as an example, evaluate the RT1062 board-level and system-level EMC performancebased on IEC61000-4-2 and IEC61000-4-4 standards.

6.1 IntroductionFigure 19 shows the block diagram of concentrator board based on RT1060.

NXP SemiconductorsEMC test

EMC Design Recommendation on i.MXRT Series, Rev. 0, 03/2021Application Note 18 / 21

Figure 19. Block diagram of concentrate board

The below functions are supported during the test:

• 4-layer board

• AC220 input, taking AC-DC power board as the DC supply for the concentrator board

• i.MXRT1062 running in 600 Mhz

• QSPI flash working in 133 Mhz, SDRAM working in 166 Mhz

• Periodically send/receive data and check communication by RS485-1/2/3 interface

• Ethernet PHY loop-back to check communication

• RTC Sampling time information by I2C interface

• ADC sample AC signals periodically

• LCD supported with resolution 320 × 480

• Seven LEDs for status indication

6.2 EMC test resultsTable 2. EMC test results

EMC test standard Descriptions Test results Test conditions Comments

IEC61000-4-4 (EFT) EFT test 4.5 KV Board level —

IEC61000-4-2 (ESD) Indirect Contact Discharge (X & Y) 12 KV Board level, 30-35% RH Usingexternal oscillator

IEC61000-4-2 (ESD) Direct contact discharge 8 KV Board level, 30-35% RH —

IEC61000-4-4 (EFT) EFT test 4.5 KV System level —

Table continues on the next page...

NXP SemiconductorsEMC test

EMC Design Recommendation on i.MXRT Series, Rev. 0, 03/2021Application Note 19 / 21

Table 2. EMC test results (continued)

EMC test standard Descriptions Test results Test conditions Comments

IEC61000-4-2 (ESD) Indirect Contact Discharge (X & Y) 12 KV Systemlevel,30-35% RH

IEC61000-4-2 (ESD) Air discharge 15 KV System level,30-35% RH

7 ConclusionThis document introduces some common methods to get good EMC performance based on i.MXRT series and takes i.MXRT1060concentrator board as an example to share the experience on EMC design. With this document as guideline or reference in theapplication, customers can save the money and time on designing a robust product.

8 Reference• i.MX RT1060 Crossover Processors for Industrial Products (document IMXRT1060IEC)

• i.MX RT1060 Processor Reference Manual (document IMXRT1060RM)

• Designing for Board Level Electromagnetic Compatibility (document AN2321)

• Transmission Line Effects in PCB Applications (document AN1051 )

• Improving Transient Immunity for uC (document AN2764 )

• Pad Layout Application Note (document AN3747 )

9 Revision history

Revision number Date Substantive changes

0 03/2021 Initial release

NXP SemiconductorsConclusion

EMC Design Recommendation on i.MXRT Series, Rev. 0, 03/2021Application Note 20 / 21

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Date of release: 03/2021Document identifier: AN13202