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Page 1: VMware vSphere 4.1 on EMC VNXe Series - Dell EMC · PDF fileEMC2, EMC, Data Domain, RSA, EMC Centera, EMC ControlCenter , EMC LifeLine, EMC OnCourse, EMC Proven, EMC Snap, EMC Source

VMware vSphere™ 4.1 on EMC® VNXe™ Series

Deployment Guide h8167.2

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Copyright © 2011 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.

Published September, 2011

EMC believes the information in this publication is accurate as of its publication date. The information is subject to change without notice.

The information in this publication is provided as is. EMC Corporation makes no representations or warranties of any kind with respect to the information in this publication, and specifically disclaims implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. Use, copying, and distribution of any EMC software described in this publication requires an applicable software license.

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For the most up-to-date regulatory document for your product line, go to the technical documentation and advisories section on EMC Online Support.

VMware vSphere 4.1 on EMC VNXe Series

Deployment Guide

h8167.2

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Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction to EMC VNXe Series .................................. 15

EMC VNXe Series overview ............................................................................. 16 Software suites available ................................................................................ 16 Software packs available ................................................................................ 16

VNXe application awareness.......................................................................... 16 Advantages of the VNXe platform..................................................................... 17

VNXe storage pools ........................................................................................ 18 Default storage pools ..................................................................................... 18 Custom storage pools ..................................................................................... 19

Application-based provisioning overview ...................................................... 19

EMC VNXe benefits for VMware ...................................................................... 20

Provisioning overview .................................................................................... 20

Initial setup of EMC VNXe storage .................................................................. 21 Connection options ........................................................................................ 21 Virtual disk files ............................................................................................. 21 RDM .............................................................................................................. 21 iSCSI direct within the guest operating system .................................................. 21 Capacity planning .......................................................................................... 22 Performance planning..................................................................................... 23

Chapter 2 VMware Integration with VNXe ..................................... 25

VMware integration with VNXe ....................................................................... 26 Create storage pools for VMware ..................................................................... 29 Extend a storage pool ..................................................................................... 32 Configure a hot spare ..................................................................................... 33 Delete a VMware storage pool ......................................................................... 34 Create a VMware datastore ............................................................................. 35

Chapter 3 VNXe Performance Scaling .......................................... 41

VNXe performance overview........................................................................... 42 Use case overview .......................................................................................... 42

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Test methodology........................................................................................... 42 Test results .................................................................................................... 43

Chapter 4 VMware Virtual Machine Migration to VNXe ..................... 45

Migration overview ......................................................................................... 46

Chapter 5 Protection of VMware Environments .............................. 51

Overview ........................................................................................................ 52 Protection storage considerations.................................................................... 52 VNXe snapshots ............................................................................................. 52 Manage protection ......................................................................................... 52 Scheduled snapshots ..................................................................................... 52 Manual on-demand snapshots ........................................................................ 58 Snapshot use cases ....................................................................................... 59

Chapter 6 Backup and Restore .................................................. 63

Overview ........................................................................................................ 64

Backup strategy ............................................................................................. 64

Backup ........................................................................................................... 65

Deploy and configure a VDR appliance .......................................................... 65

Backup destination provisioning in VNXe ...................................................... 65 Back up the selected virtual machines ............................................................. 66

Restore the required virtual machines ........................................................... 68

Chapter 7 VNXe Replication ...................................................... 73

Overview ........................................................................................................ 74

NFS replication ............................................................................................... 75 Create destination storage for remote replication .............................................. 77 Configure a replication session........................................................................ 79 Failback......................................................................................................... 82

VMFS replication ............................................................................................ 83 Create a replication source.............................................................................. 84 Create a replication destination ....................................................................... 84 Add ESX 4.1 hosts to Replication Manager........................................................ 85 Create an application set ................................................................................ 88 Create a replication job ................................................................................... 89 Run a Replication Manager job ........................................................................ 92 Mount the Replication Manager replica ............................................................ 96 Replication failover......................................................................................... 96 Promote replica.............................................................................................. 98

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Appendix A Shared Folder Server Configuration ............................... 101

Configure Shared Folder............................................................................... 102

Appendix B VNXe iSCSI Server Target Setup .................................... 107

Configure VNXe for iSCSI connectivity .......................................................... 108

Appendix C System Comparison and Limits .................................... 111

Model components and limits...................................................................... 112

Software configuration limits ....................................................................... 112

Appendix D VNXe System Monitoring ............................................ 113

Overview ...................................................................................................... 114 System utilization ........................................................................................ 114 Monitor system health .................................................................................. 115 Performance ................................................................................................ 117 Alerts .......................................................................................................... 118 System logs ................................................................................................. 119

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Figures

Figure 1. VNXe management dashboard ........................................................ 19 Figure 2. VNXe VMware vSphere storage provisioning flowchart ...................... 20 Figure 3. VNXe connection options for VMware .............................................. 22 Figure 4. EMC Unisphere .............................................................................. 27 Figure 5. Add ESX Hosts: Welcome to the Add ESX Hosts Wizard...................... 27 Figure 6. Enter Credentials for vCenter/ESX Host dialog box ............................ 28 Figure 7. Add ESX Hosts: Discover vCenters/ESX Hosts ................................... 28 Figure 8. Storage Pools link in Unisphere....................................................... 29 Figure 9. Configure Disks ............................................................................. 30 Figure 10. Disk Configuration Wizard: Select Configuration Mode ...................... 31 Figure 11. Disk Configuration Wizard: Select Configuration Mode ...................... 33 Figure 12. Disk Configuration Wizard: Select Amount of Storage........................ 33 Figure 13. Disk Configuration Wizard: Configure Spares.................................... 34 Figure 14. Recycle Disks ................................................................................ 34 Figure 15. Recycle Disks ................................................................................ 35 Figure 16. VMware Storage Wizard: Specify Name ............................................ 35 Figure 17. VMware Storage Wizard: Specify File System Type ............................ 36 Figure 18. VMware Storage Wizard: Configure Storage ...................................... 36 Figure 19. VMware Storage Wizard: Configure Protection .................................. 37 Figure 20. VMware Storage Wizard: Configure Protection Storage Size ............... 38 Figure 21. VMware Storage Wizard: Configure Host Access (for the VMware VMFS

datastore) ..................................................................................... 39 Figure 22. VMware Storage Wizard: Configure Host Access (for VMware NFS

datastore) ..................................................................................... 40 Figure 23. Use case reference architecture ...................................................... 42 Figure 24. VMware vSphere 4.1 performance test results .................................. 43 Figure 25. Migrate Virtual Machine: Select Migration Type ................................ 47 Figure 26. Migrate Virtual Machine: Select Destination ..................................... 47 Figure 27. Migrate Virtual Machine: Select Datastore........................................ 48 Figure 28. Migrate Virtual Machine: Ready to Complete .................................... 48 Figure 29. Summary ...................................................................................... 49 Figure 30. VMware Storage Wizard: Configure Protection .................................. 53 Figure 31. Customize Schedule ...................................................................... 54 Figure 32. Modify Protection Schedule/Size: Modify Protection Schedule .......... 54 Figure 33. Add Schedule Rule......................................................................... 55 Figure 34. Modify Schedule Rule..................................................................... 55 Figure 35. Modify Protection Schedule/Size: Summary ..................................... 56 Figure 36. Modify Protection Schedule/Size: Results ........................................ 56 Figure 37. Snapshot details ........................................................................... 57

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Figure 38. Take manual snapshots ................................................................. 58 Figure 39. Take Snapshot Now ....................................................................... 58 Figure 40. Snapshot details ........................................................................... 59 Figure 41. VNXe snapshot promotion process .................................................. 60 Figure 42. Snapshot promote ......................................................................... 61 Figure 43. VMware Data Recovery user interface .............................................. 66 Figure 44. Backup Job: Virtual Machines ......................................................... 66 Figure 45. Backup destination provisioned by VNXe ......................................... 67 Figure 46. Backup Job: Backup Window .......................................................... 67 Figure 47. Backup Job: Retention Policy .......................................................... 68 Figure 48. Select virtual machines and VMDK virtual disks for restore ................ 69 Figure 49. Destination Selection ..................................................................... 69 Figure 50. Ready to Complete Restore operation .............................................. 70 Figure 51. Restoration process status ............................................................. 70 Figure 52. Virtual machine restored by VDR ..................................................... 71 Figure 53. VNXe VMware NFS datastore replication flowchart ............................ 75 Figure 54. Add Replication Connection button ................................................. 76 Figure 55. Add Replication Connection Wizard: Specify System Information ....... 77 Figure 56. Unisphere Launch dialog box .......................................................... 78 Figure 57. VMware Storage Wizard: Specify Name ............................................ 78 Figure 58. VMware Storage Wizard: Specify Replication Source ......................... 79 Figure 59. Configure Replication to a Remote System ....................................... 79 Figure 60. Create Session Wizard: Configure Synchronization ........................... 80 Figure 61. Create Session Wizard: Replication Path .......................................... 81 Figure 62. Replication session details ............................................................. 81 Figure 63. Failover operation .......................................................................... 82 Figure 64. Initiation of replication failback from the destination ........................ 83 Figure 65. VNXe VMFS replication using RM flowchart....................................... 84 Figure 66. Generic iSCSI Storage..................................................................... 85 Figure 67. Right-click Hosts ............................................................................ 86 Figure 68. Register New Host .......................................................................... 87 Figure 69. Host registration progress .............................................................. 87 Figure 70. Application Set Wizard page ........................................................... 88 Figure 71. Application Set Name and Objects page .......................................... 88 Figure 72. Application Set Validation dialog box .............................................. 89 Figure 73. Job Wizard..................................................................................... 90 Figure 74. Job Name and Setting page............................................................. 91 Figure 75. Target replication storage page ....................................................... 91 Figure 76. Mount Options page ...................................................................... 92 Figure 77. Starting the Job.............................................................................. 93 Figure 78. Users to be Notified page ............................................................... 93 Figure 79. Completing the Job Wizard.............................................................. 94 Figure 80. Confirm dialog box......................................................................... 94 Figure 81. Run Job process ............................................................................. 95 Figure 82. Snapshots taken by Replication Manager......................................... 95 Figure 83. Failover dialog box ......................................................................... 96 Figure 84. Confirm dialog box......................................................................... 97 Figure 85. Failover dialog box ......................................................................... 97 Figure 86. Changed LUN number .................................................................... 98 Figure 87. Promote Replica dialog box ............................................................ 98 Figure 88. Changed LUN number of the replica................................................. 99

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Figure 89. Shared Folder Server Settings location........................................... 102 Figure 90. Add Shared Folder Server location................................................. 103 Figure 91. Shared Folder Server page ............................................................ 104 Figure 92. Shared Folder Types page............................................................. 104 Figure 93. Add iSCSI Server .......................................................................... 108 Figure 94. iSCSI Server Configuration ............................................................ 109 Figure 95. System Capacity – Storage Resource View ..................................... 114 Figure 96. System Capacity – Utilization History View ..................................... 115 Figure 97. System Health ............................................................................. 116 Figure 98. Storage Resource Health .............................................................. 117 Figure 99. CPU utilization ............................................................................. 117 Figure 100. System Alerts .............................................................................. 118 Figure 101. System logs................................................................................. 119

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Figures

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Tables

Table 1. Default storage pools ..................................................................... 18 Table 2. Storage protection recommendations .............................................. 22 Table 3. Ratings for various disk types for VMware Storage – Database........... 31 Table 4. Ratings for various disk types for VMware Storage – Datastore .......... 32 Table 5. Protection size recommendations for VMFS and NFS datastores......... 38 Table 6. VNXe model components and limits .............................................. 112 Table 7. VNXe operating system limits........................................................ 112 Table 8. Health status icons ...................................................................... 116 Table 9. Alert severity icons....................................................................... 118 Table 10. Logging standard icons ................................................................ 119

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About this Document

This document provides an overview of the deployment options for VMware vSphere™ 4.1 with EMC® VNXe™ series storage arrays developed by the EMC Solutions Group.

Purpose This document describes how to use the VNXe wizard-driven provisioning interface to create storage for VMware vSphere4.1. It covers common storage administrative questions and provides easy-to-use sizing guidelines for such a deployment.

Audience This document is intended for EMC personnel, EMC partners, and customers. It is assumed that the reader has a general knowledge of VMware and networking.

Scope This guide describes the considerations one should take into account when planning to deploy the VMware technology on EMC VNXe series arrays and provides installation and configuration details that will help deploy VMware successfully. The following areas are covered:

• Preparation and planning

• Storage provisioning

• Server configuration

• Data protection

• Data recovery

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Related documents The following documents, located on Powerlink.com, provide additional, relevant information. Access to these documents is based on your login credentials. If you do not have access to the content listed below, contact your EMC representative:

• Using EMC Celerra Storage with VMware vSphere and VMware Infrastructure—TechBook

• VMware Infrastructure Deployment with EMC Celerra Unified Storage—Applied Best Practices

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Chapter 1 Introduction to EMC VNXe Series

This chapter presents the following topics:

EMC VNXe Series overview ............................................................ 16

VNXe application awareness ......................................................... 16

VNXe storage pools ..................................................................... 18

Application-based provisioning overview .......................................... 19

EMC VNXe benefits for VMware ...................................................... 20

Provisioning overview .................................................................. 20

Initial setup of EMC VNXe storage ................................................... 21

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EMC VNXe Series overview The EMC® VNXe™ series delivers exceptional flexibility for the small-to-medium business user, combining a unique, application-driven management environment with a complete consolidation for all IP storage needs.

Customers can benefit from the new VNXe features such as:

• Next-generation unified storage, optimized for virtualized applications.

• Capacity optimization features including file deduplication and compression, thin provisioning, and application-consistent snapshots and replicas (only available for VNXe for file).

• High availability, designed to deliver five 9s availability.

• Multiprotocol support for file and block.

• Simplified management with EMC Unisphere™ for a single management interface for all file, block, and replication needs.

The VNXe series includes four new software suites and two new software packs, making it easier and simpler to protect your data.

Software suites available • VNXe Local Protection Suite — Practices safe data protection and

repurposing.

• VNXe Remote Protection Suite — Protects data against localized failures, outages, and disasters.

• VNXe Application Protection Suite — Automates application copies and proves compliance.

• VNXe Security and Compliance Suite — Keeps data safe from changes, deletions, and malicious activity.

Software packs available • VNXe Total Protection Pack — Includes local, remote, and application

protection suites.

• VNXe Total Value Pack — Includes all three protection software suites and the Security and Compliance Suite (the VNXe3100 exclusively supports this package).

VNXe application awareness The VNXe platform features a simplified user interface that is designed for IT generalists rather than for storage specialists. Storage is a key component in the implementation of business-critical applications. Making the deployment and management of storage straightforward while automatically incorporating best practices reduces the time required to set up an environment and reduces costly mistakes.

At the time of publication, application support is provided for:

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• Microsoft Exchange

• VMware datastores

Network file system (NFS)

VMware® vStorage Virtual Machine File System (VMFS) and Raw Device Mapping (RDM) using iSCSI

• Hyper-V datastores using iSCSI

• Shared folders

Common Internet File System (CIFS) for Windows

NFS for UNIX or Linux

• Generic application storage using iSCSI

When combined with simple wizard-driven installation and storage provisioning, along with EMC’s proven track record for reliability and high availability, the VNXe platform provides a low-cost entry point into the EMC storage family.

Advantages of the VNXe platform This section covers the major advantages of the VNXe platform.

Accessibility The VNXe platform provides consolidated access to stored data from multiple hosts, users, and applications by using existing Internet Protocol (IP) network connectivity and industry-standard protocols, including CIFS, NFS, and iSCSI.

Ease of management A simple-to-use, web-based user interface controls the VNXe platform operations, including tools to manage, monitor, and configure storage and system settings.

High-performance and high-density storage The platform has the ability to store data using high-speed SAS and high-capacity near-line (NL) SAS storage disk drives. These disk drives accommodate most of the organizational and application requirements.

Expandable capacity and flexible upgrades The platform provides SAS and NL-SAS drives to store and protect files, folders, and application data. These drives can be expanded to accommodate a variety of application, host, or organization requirements.

Compliance with application storage best practices The platform has built-in best practices to provision and manage application data such as Microsoft Exchange, Microsoft Windows Hyper-V, VMware, generic iSCSI, and shared folder storage.

Automatic or manual data protection The platform has built-in tools to protect valuable data by using snapshot schedules to create point-in-time images of the data from which data can be restored. Snapshots can be created manually or by using standard snapshot schedules and custom schedules.

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High availability Redundant disks and processors ensure that the failure of a single component of the system will not cause a prolonged disruption to the environment. Failed components can be easily replaced and brought online without affecting users or applications.

Security Secure system management is provided through HTTPS communication, manageable system accounts and authentication, and user roles. Secure access to VNXe storage resources is provided through Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) for iSCSI storage and compliance with NFS and CIFS access controls for storage resource security.

Antivirus support VNXe supports VEE Common Anti-Virus Agent (CAVA). CAVA is a component of the VNX™ Event Enabler (VEE) 4.5.1, which is part of the Security and Compliance Suite. CAVA provides an antivirus solution to clients using the VNXe platform. CAVA uses third-party antivirus software to identify and eliminate known viruses before they infect files on the VNXe platform.

File-level retention The VNX File-Level Retention (FLR) feature provides a way to set file-based permissions to limit write access to the files for a specific period of time. FLR can ensure the integrity of data during that period by creating an unalterable set of files and directories. On VNXe, the FLR feature can be enabled for shared folders and VMware NFS datastores. FLR for VNX is available as part of the Security and Compliance Suite.

VNXe storage pools The VNXe platform does not provision storage by using a traditional model, where users build a RAID group and then build logical disk units in that group. Instead, VNXe platform creates pools of storage. All the members of this pool have similar characteristics. Application-based storage provisioning is possible by using this approach.

Default storage pools Even though the RAID group and the LUN groupings are not exposed to the user, the array is still using those mechanisms behind the scenes to ensure that data is properly protected.

Table 1 lists the three default storage pools that are available by default on VNXe platforms and it also describes their characteristics.

Table 1. Default storage pools

Pool name Disk type RAID type Available capacities

High performance SAS RAID 10 (3+3) 300 GB

600 GB

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Pool name Disk type RAID type Available capacities

Balanced performance /Capacity

SAS RAID 5 (6+1) – VNXe3300™

RAID 5 (4+1) – VNXe3100™

300 GB

600 GB

Capacity pool NL-SAS RAID 6 (4+2) 1 TB

2 TB

Custom storage pools The default storage pools can be augmented with custom, user-defined storage pools. In general, use custom pools for performance-sensitive applications such as Exchange because the custom pool mechanism enables precise control on the number of disks used in the pool and prevents other applications from sharing the disks without explicitly provisioning application storage from the custom pool.

Application-based provisioning overview The key difference between VNXe and other storage platforms is its awareness of what applications are using storage and embedding the best practices for those applications into the provisioning and management process.

Figure 1 shows the first page of the Unisphere™ Management interface.

Figure 1. VNXe management dashboard

The dashboard not only displays the usable capacity of the array in terms of the applications using it, but it also provides wizard-driven mechanisms to create additional application storage using best practices. This guide focuses on provisioning for Microsoft Exchange.

The provisioning process has three main steps:

1. Create a storage pool

2. Configure host connectivity

3. Use the application-provisioning wizard

The first two steps are independent and can be performed in any order. The third step requires the first two steps to be completed. Chapter 4 VMware Virtual Machine Migration to VNXe provides more information.

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EMC VNXe benefits for VMware EMC VNXe benefits VMware environments in many ways, including:

• Simplifies the storage provisioning process for VMware. The application-aware storage pool wizard understands VMware requirements and builds storage pools optimized for VMware deployments automatically.

• End-to-end discovery of VNXe-provided storage, including details about virtual machines and their virtual disks.

• End-to-end creation and management of VMware NFS and VMFS over iSCSI datastores.

• Asynchronously replicates VMware storage either to a separate location within the same storage array (local replication), or to a different storage array (remote replication) using an IP network (additional licensing required).

Provisioning overview The VNXe platform for VMware results in a highly available, protected environment with simplified management. It enables administrators to create, configure, and manage storage for VMware virtual machines. Easy-to-use wizards automate the storage provisioning for VMware virtual machines by using embedded best practices. The VMware administrator with little or no storage expertise can easily deploy and manage storage resources to meet their business requirements. Figure 2 shows the steps involved in deploying VMware environments by using VNXe storage.

Figure 2. VNXe VMware vSphere storage provisioning flowchart

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Initial setup of EMC VNXe storage Configuration of the VNXe storage system refers to the hardware setup, cabling, software installation, and activation of the required licenses. It is assumed that the VNXe platform is in a healthy state with proper network connectivity and with an IP address assigned to the management port. The initial installation steps of the VNXe platform are not discussed in this document. You can access the GUI of the VNXe platform by using the management IP or hostname of the VNXe platform.

EMC VNXe supports multiple connectivity options (by using 1 gigabit Ethernet (GbE) and 10 GbE) for greatest flexibility for a specific VMware deployment.

Connection options Storage provisioning to ESX® servers and virtual machines can be done using the following protocols:

• NFS

• iSCSI

• VMFS datastores

• RDM

• iSCSI direct to the guest operating system using a software initiator

Virtual disk files Virtual disk files store contents of the virtual machine's hard disk drive. A virtual disk consists of one or more .vmdk files that reside on the native host file system of the ESX server and supports other file systems recognized and accessible by ESX. EMC VNXe iSCSI storage is available as VMFS datastores in the ESX server and as NFS datastores in a network-attached storage (NAS) system.

RDM RDM enables virtual machines to have direct access to the physical disk. RDM is applicable only to block devices such as iSCSI or Fibre Channel (FC). The VNXe platform supports RDM using the generic iSCSI storage profile.

iSCSI direct within the guest operating system Disks can be directly exposed to the guest operating system by using a software iSCSI initiator within the guest operating system. The iSCSI direct model is used to manage the iSCSI targets in context of the guest application in the same way it is done in a physical environment.

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Figure 3. VNXe connection options for VMware

Capacity planning Identify the storage space required for NFS or VMFS datastores. Calculate the capacity required for the storage pool. Consider the additional storage space required for protection storage (for replication and snapshots). The recommended amount of storage protection depends on the snapshot schedule chosen.

Table 2 lists the storage protection recommendations for VMware datastores.

Table 2. Storage protection recommendations

Protection schedule Create snapshots every Keep for

Recommended protection size

None N/A N/A 105% of primary storage

Default Day at 03:00 7 days 135% of primary storage

More Protection Day at 03:00 and 11:00

14 days 135% of primary storage

Less Protection Day at 03:00 3 days 135% of primary storage

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Performance planning The VNXe platform has predefined storage pools that can be utilized based on performance requirements and drives in the system. EFDs provide the greatest performance, followed by 15k rpm SAS drives. Drives of 7,200 rpm NL-SAS should not be used for performance-sensitive applications. NL-SAS drives are primarily used for high-capacity storage requirements.

VMware VMkernel ports must be placed on the same virtual local area network (VLAN) or local area network (LAN) segment and IP subnet as the VNXe iSCSI target ports. This configuration reduces the risk of switch and interconnect oversubscription. One GbE or 10 GbE ports must be used for maximum speed.

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Chapter 2 VMware Integration with VNXe

This chapter presents the following topic:

VMware integration with VNXe ....................................................... 26

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VMware integration with VNXe With earlier models of EMC storage systems, storage provisioning for VMware environments was limited to configuring permissions for a given VMware datastore. Users were required to manually mount NFS datastores on ESX servers by using the IP address and the path information of the Shared Folder Server. With iSCSI datastores, users had to set up an iSCSI initiator, add the storage system connectivity information, discover the new LUN, and then create the VMFS datastore.

VNXe offers VMware integration with the following additional features:

• End-to-end discovery of VNXe-provided storage, including details about virtual machines and their virtual disks.

• End-to-end creation and management of VMware NFS and VMFS over iSCSI datastores.

• VNXe performs the required virtual center or ESX server actions for both NFS and VMFS datastores (actions such as granting host access and mounting datastores on ESX servers). In addition, VNXe uses the VMware application programming interface (API) and performs the following:

Synchronizes the changes made to the datastore name between VNXe and VMware. This enables users to modify the datastore name using either interface.

Makes changes to the datastore size. This results in additional storage being provisioned. Datastores use all the LUNs presented to VMware.

Cleans up the initiator configurations for ESX servers when datastores are deleted, and removes VNXe iSCSI targets if no additional storage is exposed to the ESX server.

Changes made to the host access for a datastore on the VNXe will be reflected on the host immediately.

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To integrate virtual infrastructure with VNXe for storage provisioning, complete the following steps:

Note: It is assumed that the reader has a general knowledge of the VMware infrastructure.

1. In Unisphere, select Hosts > VMware. The VMware page appears.

Figure 4. EMC Unisphere

2. Click Find ESX Hosts. The Add ESX Hosts wizard appears.

Figure 5. Add ESX Hosts: Welcome to the Add ESX Hosts Wizard

3. Click Next. The Discover vCenters/ESX Hosts page appears.

4. Select Other (vCenter or ESX Host) and type the IP address of the VMware vCenterTM server.

5. Click Find. The Enter Credentials for vCenter/ESX Host dialog box appears.

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6. In the User Name field, type the user name.

7. In the Password field, type the password.

Figure 6. Enter Credentials for vCenter/ESX Host dialog box

8. Click OK. The list of ESX hosts appears.

9. Select the ESX host.

Figure 7. Add ESX Hosts: Discover vCenters/ESX Hosts

10. Click Next. The Summary page appears.

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11. Confirm the selected ESX hosts and click Finish.

Create storage pools for VMware A storage pool is an aggregation of storage disk resources that are configured with a particular storage profile. The storage profile defines the type of disks that are used to provide storage and the RAID configuration of the component disks. The storage pool configuration defines the number of disks and the quantity of storage associated with the pool. When multiple pools are available, choose which pool to use to create new storage resources. If only one storage pool is available, it is automatically assigned to the new storage resources.

To create a storage pool, complete the following steps.

1. Select System > Storage Pools. The Storage Pools page appears.

Figure 8. Storage Pools link in Unisphere

Note: Configure at least one storage pool and allocate disks to that pool before creating VNXe storage resources. Storage pools are usually configured to optimize the available storage for a particular set of applications or conditions.

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2. Click Configure Disks. The Disk Configuration Wizard appears.

Figure 9. Configure Disks

Storage pools can be automatically configured. This consumes all disks on the system in a generic fashion. Storage pools can also be created as required with different drive characteristics per pool. Pools can be specifically created for VMware. By default, three types of VMware application-specific profiles are available:

• VMware storage for a database

• VMware storage for a datastore

• VMware storage for general purpose

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3. Select Manually create a new pool and then select the application-specific profile in for VMware Storage – Datastore list box.

Figure 10. Disk Configuration Wizard: Select Configuration Mode

4. Click Next. The Specify Pool Name page appears.

5. In the Name field, type a name and a description for the storage pool.

6. Click Next. The Select Storage Type page appears. The VNXe platform provides a list of disk type recommendations that is ranked according to the application chosen.

7. Choose the one that best fits the intended use.

Table 3 and Table 4 list the disk types and their ratings for all three VMware applications.

VMware Storage – Database

Table 3 lists the disk types and their ratings when VMware Storage – Database is selected as the storage pool.

Table 3. Ratings for various disk types for VMware Storage – Database

Rating Disk type Storage profile Underlying RAID configuration

*** EFD Best Performance RAID 5 (4+1)

** SAS High Performance RAID 10 (3+3)

* SAS Balanced Performance/Capacity

RAID 5 (6+1)

NL-SAS High Capacity RAID 6 (4+2)

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A rating of three stars is the best disk type, and a rating of zero stars is the least preferred disk type. The Disk Configuration Wizard shows the space available for each storage profile, based on unassigned drives in the array.

VMware Storage – Datastore

Table 4 lists the disk types and their ratings when VMware Storage – Datastore is selected as the storage pool.

Table 4. Ratings for various disk types for VMware Storage – Datastore

Rating Disk type Storage profile Underlying RAID configuration

EFD Best Performance RAID 5 (4+1)

* SAS High Performance RAID 10 (3+3)

*** SAS Balanced Performance/Capacity RAID 5 (6+1)

** NL-SAS High Capacity RAID 6 (4+2)

8. Click Next. The Select Amount of Storage page appears.

9. Select the number of disks to add to the storage pool. The options depend on the RAID type associated with the storage profile. Disks can be selected only in multiples of the number of drives present in the base RAID group.

10. Click Next. The Summary page appears.

11. Review the details and click Finish to complete the storage pool creation.

Extend a storage pool The VNXe platform supports extension of system-defined pools and custom pools. Add disks to the existing storage pool in the same RAID format that was used while creating the pool.

To extend the storage pool, complete the following steps:

1. In Unisphere, select System > Storage Pools > Configure Disks. The Disk Configuration Wizard appears.

2. Select Manually add disks to an existing pool and then select the pool to extend in the Select pool list box.

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Figure 11. Disk Configuration Wizard: Select Configuration Mode

3. Click Next. The Select Amount of Storage page appears.

4. Select the number of drives. The drives can be selected only in multiples of the base RAID group configuration. For example, if the existing pool has a RAID 5 (4+1) configuration, the number of drives can be selected only in multiples of five as shown in Figure 12.

Figure 12. Disk Configuration Wizard: Select Amount of Storage

5. Click Next. The Summary page appears.

6. Review the details and click Finish.

Configure a hot spare Users can manually add or remove hot spares to the configuration. The Configure Spares page in the Disk Configuration wizard, as given in Figure 13, shows the current number of spares and the recommended number of spares. Users can select the number of spares based on the disk type and capacity.

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Figure 13. Disk Configuration Wizard: Configure Spares

The VNXe platform supports automatic hot spare configuration for EFDs and SAS drives. All three drive types support custom hot spare configuration.

Delete a VMware storage pool A storage pool can be deleted if the storage resources within the pool are no longer required. After a storage pool is deleted, the drives are classified as unconfigured disks and can be used for other applications.

To delete a storage pool, complete the following steps:

1. In Unisphere, select System > Storage Pools. The Storage Pools page appears.

Figure 14. Recycle Disks

2. Click Recycle Disks. The Recycle Disks dialog box appears displaying the drives to recycle.

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Figure 15. Recycle Disks

3. Click Recycle. The drives are recycled and added to the list of unconfigured disks.

4. Click Close.

Note: Recycle Disks is activated only when a pool is empty. All storage resources within a pool must be deleted before deleting a pool.

Create a VMware datastore To create a VMware datastore on iSCSI storage on a VNXe platform, complete the following steps:

1. In Unisphere, select Storage > VMware. The VMware page appears.

2. Click Create. The VMware Storage Wizard appears.

3. In the Name field, type the name for the VMware storage resource.

4. In the Description field, type the description.

Figure 16. VMware Storage Wizard: Specify Name

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5. Click Next. The Specify File System Type page appears.

6. Select Network File System (NFS) in Datastore Type.

Note: To enable deduplication and compression features for NFS datastores, select Enable Deduplication and Compression.

Figure 17. VMware Storage Wizard: Specify File System Type

7. Click Next. The Configure Storage page appears.

8. Perform the following:

a. Select the storage pool based on the performance requirements.

b. In the Size field, type the desired size for the VMware datastore.

Note: To enable thin provisioning, select Enabled. This creates a VMware datastore of 10 GB. The size of the datastore increases linearly.

Figure 18. VMware Storage Wizard: Configure Storage

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9. Click Next. The Configure Protection page appears.

10. Select one of the following options:

Do not configure protection storage for this storage resource.

Configure protection storage, do not configure a snapshot protection schedule.

Configure protection storage, protect data using snapshot schedule.

Snapshots allow the array to maintain a point-in-time view of the storage. This is useful for various recovery options. VNXe enables users to configure a protection size and schedule snapshots, and also suggests the storage configuration accordingly. In this example, Configure protection storage, do not configure a snapshot protection schedule is selected.

Figure 19. VMware Storage Wizard: Configure Protection

11. Click Next. The Configure Protection Storage Size page appears.

12. Configure the protection storage size.

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Figure 20. VMware Storage Wizard: Configure Protection Storage Size

13. Click Next. The Configure Host Access page appears.

Table 5 lists the protection storage size for various scenarios.

Table 5. Protection size recommendations for VMFS and NFS datastores

Datastore type

Virtual Provisioning

Protection size (No protection)

Protection size configure protection (No snapshot schedule)

Protection size configure protection (Snapshot schedule configured)

Maximum protection size

Minimum or Default

Minimum Default or Recommended

Minimum Default or Recommended

VMFS Enabled 0% 105% 105% 105% 135% 14 TB

VMFS Disabled 0% 5% 5% 5% 35% 14 TB

NFS Enabled 0% 5% 5% 5% 35% 16 TB

Disabled

Exceptions Production volume is 64 MB to 20 GB. The minimum protection volume is the same as production volume.

Production volume is greater than 20 GB. The minimum protection volume is 20 GB.

14. Configure the vCenter Server/ESX server host access for the VMware

datastore.

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VNXe provides four levels of access for VMware VMFS datastore, as shown in Figure 21.

No Access — Does not permit the host to access the storage.

Datastore — Permits the host to access storage but not the snapshots.

Snapshot — Permits the host to access promoted snapshots but not the primary storage.

Datastore and Snapshot — Permits the host to access the primary storage and promoted snapshots.

Figure 21. VMware Storage Wizard: Configure Host Access (for the VMware VMFS datastore)

VNXe provides four levels of access for the VMware NFS datastore, as shown in Figure 22.

Read-Only — Permits the user to view the contents of the NFS datastore, but not to write to it.

Read/Write — Permits the user to view and write to the NFS datastore, but not to set permissions.

Read/Write, allow Root — Permits the user to read and write on the storage resource and to grant and revoke access permissions (for example, permission to read, modify, and execute specific files and directories) for other login accounts that access the storage.

No Access — No access to the NFS datastore.

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Figure 22. VMware Storage Wizard: Configure Host Access (for VMware NFS datastore)

15. Click Next. The Summary page appears.

16. Verify the details and click Finish.

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Chapter 3 VNXe Performance Scaling

This chapter presents the following topic:

VNXe performance overview .......................................................... 42

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VNXe performance overview This chapter describes the use case that was developed to test the performance of the VNXe storage platform in a VMware environment. The objective of this use case was to showcase the performance of VNXe in the VMware environment when scaling virtual machines and servers.

Use case overview The use case was designed to analyze the performance of the VNXe platform with VMware vSphere 4.1 when scaling virtual machines and an ESX 4.1 server. The IOmeter tool was used to generate the load and to analyze the performance under a realtime workload.

A VMware application-specific storage pool was created with twenty-eight 600 GB SAS drives in four RAID 5 (6+1) groups. Two VMware datastores were created on this application-specific pool.

Figure 23. Use case reference architecture

Test methodology Twenty-five VMware virtual machines were created on the VNXe VMware datastores. Each virtual machine had an operating system drive and an application drive. The load was generated on some portion of the application drive on each virtual machine by using IOmeter. Initially, the performance was analyzed when the virtual machines were scaled from one to five (which were on a single ESX 4.1 server) by running IOmeter tests. A test conducted later scaled the ESX servers from one to five.

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Test results It was observed that the IOPS increased linearly when the VNXe platform with virtual machines and VMware ESX 4.1 server scaling were used. The results were obtained from IOmeter test runs by using 8 KB I/Os, 70 percent reads, and a 100 percent random profile. The IOPS increased by five times when the virtual machines were scaled from 5 to 25 as shown in Figure 24.

Figure 24. VMware vSphere 4.1 performance test results

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Chapter 4 VMware Virtual Machine Migration to VNXe

This chapter presents the following topic:

Migration overview ..................................................................... 46

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Migration overview This chapter explains the migration process of a virtual machine from a storage location to the existing VNXe. This chapter also outlines the steps involved for a successful migration of virtual machines with VMware Storage vMotion®. The migration considerations are beyond the scope of this document.

Virtual machines are migrated under the following circumstances:

• Storage maintenance and reconfiguration

• Relocation of datastores between storage systems

• Optimization of performance and redistribution of the storage load

VMware Storage vMotion is a component of VMware vSphere that provides an interface for live migration of virtual machine disk files within and across storage arrays. Storage vMotion relocates virtual machine disk files from one shared storage location to another shared storage location. It enables organizations to perform proactive storage migrations and to simplify array migrations. It is fully integrated with VMware vCenter Server for easy migration and monitoring.

This chapter explains how to move a virtual machine from one datastore to another datastore on the same VNXe. The VNXe should have access to both source and target datastores. It must also have sufficient resources to support two instances of the virtual machine running concurrently.

To move a virtual machine, complete the following steps:

1. In the VMware vSphere Client interface, select Hosts and Clusters. The Hosts and Clusters page appears.

2. Right-click on the virtual machine and select Migrate. The Migrate Virtual Machine wizard appears.

3. In Select Migration Type page, select Change datastore. This option is applicable only when a virtual machine is powered on.

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Figure 25. Migrate Virtual Machine: Select Migration Type

4. Click Next. The Select Destination page appears.

5. Select the destination host

Figure 26. Migrate Virtual Machine: Select Destination

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6. Click Next. The Select Datastore page appears.

7. Select the destination datastore.

Note: Both VMFS and NFS datastores are valid migration destinations.

Figure 27. Migrate Virtual Machine: Select Datastore

8. Click Next. The Ready to Complete page appears.

9. Review the summary and click Finish to complete the migration process.

Figure 28. Migrate Virtual Machine: Ready to Complete

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10. After the migration is complete, verify the virtual machine status on the Summary tab of the vSphere Client interface.

Figure 29. Summary

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Chapter 5 Protection of VMware Environments

This chapter presents the following topic:

Overview ............................................................................ 52

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Overview There are four methods of data protection for the VNXe—snapshots, VNXe user data backup, replication, and backup to VNXe over the LAN as a backup-to-disk target. This chapter describes VNXe snapshot protection for VMware environments.

Protection storage considerations In addition to planning storage requirements for VMware virtual environments, the administrator also must consider the capacity reserved for storage protection. The amount of resources that a snapshot schedule consumes primarily depends upon the frequency of scheduled snapshot operations and the period of time the snapshots are retained. When creating a storage resource on VNXe, it is safe to use at least the recommended amount of storage protection capacity. Depleted protection resources can lead to data loss. To use the snapshot data for testing or debugging purposes, EMC recommends manual snapshots.

VNXe snapshots The VNXe platform protects VMware datastores by creating virtual copies with snapshot technology. A snapshot creates a point-in-time, read-only virtual copy of the VMware storage. It protects the entire datastore, VMware virtual disks, and files and data on virtual disks. The VNXe platform allows a maximum of 96 snapshots for all NFS datastores and 2,000 snapshots for all VMFS datastores on the system.

Manage protection Careful planning is required when you reserve capacity for storage protection. The minimum size of the reserved storage protection capacity is 5 percent of the space allocated for the primary storage resource. For example, if you specify 100 MB for the primary storage, the VNXe platform allocates a minimum of 5 MB for storage protection, resulting in an allocation of 105 MB for the storage resource.

The reserved storage can be increased, but cannot be decreased from its minimum size. The reserved capacity can also be automatically adjusted whenever the primary storage size is adjusted. With auto-adjust enabled, if the primary storage size is increased from 100 MB to 200 MB and the reserved protection storage is 5 percent, the total amount of storage allocated for the resource increases automatically from 105 MB to 210 MB.

Scheduled snapshots Snapshots can become outdated based on the rate of change in the data. The VNXe platform provides tools to select and customize snapshot schedules. These tools provide a way to change the intervals, times, days, and dates when snapshot operations must occur. A collection of rules within the schedule specify the interval, frequency, and time when the snapshots are taken.

If protection is not configured when creating the datastore, it can be configured later from the Modify Protection Schedule page of the Modify Protection Schedule/Size wizard.

The existing snapshot schedule can also be modified from the Modify Protection Schedule page.

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When provisioning storage for a VMware datastore, the VMware Storage wizard provides an option to configure protection with snapshots. You can either choose to retain the default schedule to create snapshots of the datastore, or customize the schedule.

The three predefined protection schedules are Default Protection, More Protection, and Less Protection. Default Protection schedules the snapshot once every day and keeps it for seven days. More Protection schedules snapshots twice every day and keeps them for 14 days. Less Protection schedules the snapshot once every day and keeps it for three days.

Customize the snapshot protection schedule To customize the protection schedule, complete the following steps:

1. Perform steps 1–8 as described in “Create a VMware datastore” on page 35.

2. Select Configure protection storage, protect data using snapshot schedule, and then select Default Protection in the list box.

Figure 30. VMware Storage Wizard: Configure Protection

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3. Click Customize Schedule. The Customize Schedule dialog box appears.

Figure 31. Customize Schedule

4. Click No. The Modify Protection Schedule/Size wizard appears.

Figure 32. Modify Protection Schedule/Size: Modify Protection Schedule

Note: By default, the wizard displays two rules that can either be modified or removed.

5. Click Add a New Rule. The Add Schedule Rule dialog box appears.

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6. In the Type of Rule list box, select the rule type.

Figure 33. Add Schedule Rule

Note: Allow at least 15 minutes between each snapshot to ensure each snapshot completes successfully. The snapshot protection schedule can be paused initially and resumed later by selecting Create Storage with Schedule Initially Paused in the VMware Storage Wizard. After creating or modifying the snapshot protection schedule, discard the changes and click Revert to Previously Defined Schedule in the Modify Protection Schedule wizard to go to the previous schedule.

7. Click Add Rule. The Modify Schedule Rule dialog box appears.

8. In the Rule Details area, select the required details.

Figure 34. Modify Schedule Rule

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9. Click Modify Rule. The Summary page appears.

Figure 35. Modify Protection Schedule/Size: Summary

10. Verify the details and click Finish. The Results page appears.

This page displays the progress of each step involved in creating a protection schedule for the selected snapshot.

Figure 36. Modify Protection Schedule/Size: Results

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The new schedule is available in Unisphere at Storage > VMware > VMware Details as shown in Figure 37. The Taken By column lists the schedule for which the snapshots are taken.

Figure 37. Snapshot details

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Manual on-demand snapshots VNXe enables administrators to manually initiate a snapshot of the VMware datastore.

To initiate a manual on-demand snapshot, complete the following steps:

1. In Unisphere, select Storage > VMware > VMware Details. The VMware Details page appears.

Figure 38. Take manual snapshots

2. Click Take Snapshot Now. The Take Snapshot Now dialog box appears.

3. Specify a name and duration for which the snapshots must be stored in the protection storage.

a. In the Name field, type a name.

b. In the Keep for list box, select the duration.

Figure 39. Take Snapshot Now

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4. Click OK.

Note: After the snapshot completes the specified time, it will be deleted automatically.

The snapshot can be taken immediately and can be viewed in the snapshots list. Manual snapshots can be distinguished from scheduled snapshots from the entry in the Taken By column. The entry in the Taken By column for manual snapshots is “admin.”

Figure 40. Snapshot details

Snapshot use cases The snapshots can be used for several purposes in VMware environments. The following sections describe them in detail.

Snapshot for backup and recovery Snapshots can be used for logical backup of virtual machines that reside on VMFS or NFS datastores. In case of data loss due to accidental deletion or corruption of data or files, the virtual machines can be quickly recovered from VNXe snapshots. However the loss of the production shared folder or LUN would render the snapshots unusable. If multiple virtual machines share the same VMFS or NFS datastore, the crash-consistent virtual machine images can be backed up and recovered together in one operation. The VNXe snapshots work at the LUN or shared folder file system level. For a successful recovery, it is important to keep all the virtual machine files on the same VNXe datastore. Restoring from a snapshot can be quick depending on the amount of change in the data. This dramatically reduces the mean time to recovery. After successfully restoring a snapshot, all the snapshots created after the restore copy are deleted because the system is back to its previous state.

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Snapshots for individual virtual machine recovery Access to the contents of a VMware NFS datastore snapshot is determined by the permissions assigned to the snapshot contents. The snapshots for a VMware NFS datastore are in the hidden .ckpt_ directories in the datastore. Figure 41 shows the end-to-end path from the mounted NFS datastore on the virtual machine to the shared folder with the datastore, and further to the shared folder snapshots in the hidden .ckpt_directories. To access the snapshots of the NFS datastore, the user must navigate to the .ckpt_ directories in the NFS datastore and copy the required files to recover an individual virtual machine, or a VMDK file.

Access to the contents of a VMware VMFS datastore snapshot is determined by the ESX host access to the snapshot. To access a VMware VMFS datastore snapshot, first promote the snapshot to assign a LUN ID to the VMware datastore so that the virtual disk is available to the ESX iSCSI initiators. Then, mount the VMware datastore on the ESX host to explore and recover files for an individual virtual machine. Figure 41shows the end-to-end path from the mounted network drive on the ESX host to the VMFS datastore (LUN 52). In accordance with the snapshot schedule, the VNXe platform makes a copy of the datastore every weekday at 1 A.M. A user promotes the snapshot created on Monday. During the promotion, the VMware datastore for this snapshot receives LUN ID 130, which makes it accessible to any ESX host with snapshot access. The user mounts the snapshot (LUN 130) and can now explore and recover files from the snapshot.

Figure 41. VNXe snapshot promotion process

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Test or development environment VMware datastores can be promoted to ESX. The promoted virtual machines can be used for testing or development purposes instead of creating a new environment. It saves the time and effort involved in creating similar environments because promoting snapshots is spontaneous.

To promote a snapshot of VMware datastore, complete the following steps:

1. In Unisphere, select Storage > VMware. The VMware page appears.

2. Select the datastore and click Details. The Details page appears.

3. Select the Snapshots tab.

4. Select the snapshot to promote.

Figure 42. Snapshot promote

5. Click Promote. A confirmation message appears.

6. Click Yes. After the snapshot is promoted successfully, the status of the snapshot in the Promoted column changes to Yes.

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Chapter 6 Backup and Restore

This chapter presents the following topics:

Overview ............................................................................ 64

Backup strategy ......................................................................... 64

Backup ............................................................................ 65

Deploy and configure a VDR appliance ............................................. 65

Backup destination provisioning in VNXe.......................................... 65

Restore the required virtual machines .............................................. 68

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Overview Protecting data is one of the most challenging tasks in any business. Backup is a copy of the production data that is maintained to recover the data in case data is deleted or corrupted. Different backup strategies are implemented based on the organizational recovery point objective (RPO) and recovery time objective (RTO). Several factors must be considered when developing a backup and recovery strategy for a VMware virtualized server environment:

• The different types of backups that can be taken,-

• The state of the virtual machine-

• The type of storage provisioning (VMFS and NFS datastores, RDM and iSCSI direct within the guest operating system) for the virtual machines

Backup strategy The backup strategy can be logical or physical. A logical backup does not provide a physically independent copy of the production data. It offers a view of the VMware datastore as of a certain point in time. A logical backup can occur very rapidly and requires very little space to store. Therefore, a logical backup can be taken very frequently. Restoring from a logical backup can be quick and depends on the amount of change in the data. This dramatically reduces the mean time to recovery. However, a logical backup cannot replace a physical backup. The logical backup protects against logical corruption of VMware datastores, accidental file deletion in the virtual machines, and other similar human errors. It does not protect the data from hardware failures. The logical backup can be provided by the VNXe snapshot. If multiple virtual machines share the same VMware datastore, they can be backed up and restored together in one operation. But the loss of the production datastore LUN or shared folder file system would render the snapshots unusable.

A physical backup makes a full and complete copy of the VMware datastore on different physical media. Although the backup and recovery time may be longer, a physical backup protects data against hardware failures. These snapshots may be mounted or promoted directly on different ESX servers and can be backed up on any or all virtual machines to a different destination datastore. This exempts the production host from having to participate in the backup. However, the administrator has to consider the performance impact that may incur due to spindle contention when reading from the snapshots.

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Backup VMware Data Recovery (VDR) is a disk-based backup and recovery solution. It is built on the VMware vStorage API for data protection and uses a VDR appliance and a client plug-in to manage and restore backups. It can be used to protect any kind of operating system. VDR creates full and incremental backups of virtual machine images (their VMDK files) and file-level backups for Windows virtual machines. It uses the Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS) that is natively available in Windows to quiesce virtual machines and their installed applications to ensure consistent backups. It incorporates capabilities such as block-based data deduplication, and performs only incremental backups after the first full backup to maximize storage efficiency. VNXe-based shared folder file system and iSCSI storage can be used as destination storage for VDR. All backed up virtual machines are stored on a target disk in a deduplicated store. The following steps are included in a successful backup and recovery:

1. Deploy and configure a VDR appliance.

2. Back up destination provisioning in VNXe.

3. Back up the selected virtual machines.

4. Restore the required virtual machines.

Deploy and configure a VDR appliance Install the required VDR plug-in and enable it in the vSphere Client. This plug-in does not install the VDR appliance. To deploy the VDR appliance, use the vSphere Client and the Open Virtualization Format (OVF) template from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) file so the OVF template is deployed as a virtual machine. The procedure to deploy and configure the VDR appliance is beyond the scope of this document.

Backup destination provisioning in VNXe VNXe-based shared folder file systems and iSCSI storage are supported as destination storage for VDR. A shared folder file system through NFS is supported only if the mount is presented by an ESX server and the VMDK is assigned to the VDR appliance. NFS mounts cannot be directly mapped to the VDR appliance. When an RDM disk is used as a backup destination, it is better to use virtual compatibility mode because the VNXe snapshots can be used to protect the backed up data.

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Back up the selected virtual machines To back up the selected virtual machines, complete the following steps:

1. Connect to the VDR appliance.

Figure 43. VMware Data Recovery user interface

2. Click Create a backup job. The Backup Job 1 – Backup Wizard appears.

3. Select the virtual machines to back up.

Note: Any virtual machine that resides on VMFS and NFS datastores can be backed up. Backup of virtual machines with RDM can be performed only when RDM is running in virtual compatibility mode.

Figure 44. Backup Job: Virtual Machines

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4. Click Next. The VMware Data Recovery page appears.

5. From the Configuration tab, select the destination for the backup.

Note: To realize greater space savings, ensure that similar virtual machines are backed up to the same destination. Because VDR performs data deduplication within and across virtual machines, the virtual machines with the same operating system will have only one copy of the operating system data stored.

Figure 45. Backup destination provisioned by VNXe

6. Click Next. The Backup Job: Backup Window page appears.

7. Set the schedule for the backup.

Note: VDR backs up the virtual machine in the specified duration.

Figure 46. Backup Job: Backup Window

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8. Click Next. The Backup Job: Retention Policy page appears.

9. Edit the retention policy based on the requirements.

Figure 47. Backup Job: Retention Policy

10. Click Next. The Ready to Complete page appears.

Restore the required virtual machines You can choose to restore a virtual machine or to do a restore rehearsal. Restoring a virtual machine will replace the selected virtual machine. A restore rehearsal will create another copy of the virtual machine, and will not replace the original. Restore rehearsals are a good way to test whether the backup is working in the expected manner, and that the virtual machines can be restored when required.

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To restore virtual machines, complete the following steps:

1. From the Restore tab of the VMware Data Recovery user interface, select the virtual machines or specific VMDK virtual disks that need to be restored through VDR.

Figure 48. Select virtual machines and VMDK virtual disks for restore

2. Click Next. The Destination Selection page appears.

3. Click Next. The selected virtual machines and VMDK virtual disks appear in bold.

Figure 49. Destination Selection

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4. Click Next. The Ready to Complete Restore operation page appears.

Note: This page provides the total number of virtual machines, virtual disks, and the total size of the VMDKs to be restored.

Figure 50. Ready to Complete Restore operation

5. Click Restore. The Reports page appears.

This page provides the details about the progress of the restore process by percentage, and the status of the process.

Figure 51. Restoration process status

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The restored virtual machine is available in the left navigation pane. After the process is complete, the virtual machine powers on automatically.

Figure 52. Virtual machine restored by VDR

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Chapter 7 VNXe Replication

This chapter presents the following topics:

Overview ............................................................................ 74

NFS replication .......................................................................... 75

VMFS replication ........................................................................ 83

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Overview Replication is a key data protection strategy for enterprises of all sizes. Replication protects critical enterprise data by copying data either locally or remotely for higher levels of protection and availability. Replication can be used to ensure business continuity and data repurposing for development, quality assurance, and business intelligence. VNXe storage system and EMC Replication Manager address the various challenges involved in a successful disaster recovery process. The VNXe platform replicates VMware datastores by either using NFS or VMFS replication.

Remote replication can occur between two VNXe platforms or between a VNXe platform and a Celerra system or a VNX platform. Replication automatically maintains another copy of the VMware datastore on the local system or a remote system. This replication copy is a complete copy of the data on the VMware datastore unlike a snapshot of the VMware datastore that only captures the changes since the snapshot was taken.

Replication methods The VNXe platform supports three types of replication methods.

• Loopback replication — Replication of a storage resource on a single VNXe platform with the source and destination storage resources on different Shared Folder Servers located in the same storage processor (SP).

• Local replication — Replication of a storage resource on a single VNXe platform with the source and destination storage resources on different Shared Folder Servers located in different SPs.

Note: VNXe3100 does not support local replication because it has only one SP.

• Remote replication — Replication of a storage resource from one VNXe platform to another VNXe or VNX platform or a Celerra system. The source storage resource resides on a different storage system from the destination storage resource.

Prerequisites for replication The prerequisites for a successful replication are:

• The source and destination systems must be able to communicate over WAN for remote replication.

• The destination system must have enough space to hold the source storage resource and allow for future expansion.

• The source storage resource must be created using the VMware tab on the source array. “Create a VMware datastore” on page 35 provides more information on how to provision NFS datastore using a VNXe storage resource. “Create a replication source” on page 84 provides more information on how to create a replication source.

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NFS replication To replicate a VNXe VMware NFS datastore, complete the following steps:

1. Create a replication connection between source and destination arrays.

2. Create replication destination storage.

3. Set up and manage replication sessions.

4. Fail over to the destination.

5. Connect destination storage to the server.

Figure 53 shows the NFS datastore replication flowchart.

Figure 53. VNXe VMware NFS datastore replication flowchart

Create replication connection between source and destination arrays The replication destination can be a local VNXe, a remote VNXe, a remote VNX, or a remote Celerra system. Replication to the local VNXe platform does not require any replication connection. Prior to remote replication of a VMware datastore, a replication connection should be established between the two storage systems.

To establish a connection between the two storage systems, complete the following steps:

1. In Unisphere, select Hosts > Replication Connections. The Replication Connections page appears as shown in Figure 54.

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Figure 54. Add Replication Connection button

2. Click Add Replication Connection. The Add Replication Connection Wizard appears as shown in Figure 55.

3. Perform the following steps:

a. In the System Type list box, select the remote storage system type.

b. Select and type the Network Name or IP Address of the remote system.

c. In the User Name field, type the username.

d. In the Password field, type the password.

e. In the Confirm Password field, type the password for confirmation.

Note: If the remote system is a Celerra system or a VNX, type the system name in the System Name field. In the Passphrase and Confirm Passphrase fields, type the passphrase. The local and remote systems communicate with each other by using the passphrase.

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Figure 55. Add Replication Connection Wizard: Specify System Information

4. Click Next. The Summary page appears.

5. Review the details and click Finish. The Results page appears.

Create destination storage for remote replication For replicating the source data to the destination, a storage resource of the same size as the source must be created on the destination system. This operation can be accomplished from the source system.

To create a destination storage for remote replication, complete the following steps:

1. In Unisphere, select Storage > VMware > VMware Details > Replication and click Configure Replication to a Remote System. The Create Session Wizard appears.

2. Click Create Destination. The Unisphere Launch dialog box appears as shown in Figure 56.

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Figure 56. Unisphere Launch dialog box

3. Click Yes. A new instance of Unisphere is launched for the destination system.

4. In the User Name and Password fields, type the username and password and click Login. The VMware Storage Wizard appears as shown in Figure 57.

Figure 57. VMware Storage Wizard: Specify Name

5. In the Name field, type a name for the remote datastore.

6. Click Next. The Specify Replication Source page appears as shown in Figure 58.

7. In the Source System list box, select the source system.

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8. In the Storage Resource list box, select the source datastore from which the data must be replicated.

Figure 58. VMware Storage Wizard: Specify Replication Source

9. Click Next.

The remaining steps in this wizard will help you create an NFS datastore. “Create a VMware datastore” on page 35 provides more information on how to create an NFS datastore.

Configure a replication session To configure replication sessions between two storage systems, complete the following steps:

1. In Unisphere, select Storage > VMware > VMware Details > Replication. The screenshot shown in Figure 59 appears.

Figure 59. Configure Replication to a Remote System

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2. Click Configure Replication to a Remote System. The Create Session Wizard appears.

3. In the Destination System list box, select the destination system.

4. In the Storage Resource list box, select the storage resource to store the replicated data.

5. Click Next. The Configure Synchronization page appears as shown in Figure 60.

Figure 60. Create Session Wizard: Configure Synchronization

6. Configure the synchronization settings. By default, the RPO of the Automatic Synchronization is set to 1 hour. Changing this value requires careful evaluation and an understanding of the impact. Reducing the RPO to less than an hour refers to frequent updates, which means better protection but increased network traffic.

7. Click Next. The Replication Path page appears as shown in Figure 61.

8. In the Source Interface list box, select the source.

9. In the Destination Interface list box, select the destination.

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Figure 61. Create Session Wizard: Replication Path

10. Click Finish. The replication session is configured.

Manage or monitor the status of a replication session Figure 62 shows the status of the NFS datastore replication session in Unisphere (System > System Replications > Session Details).

Using this screen, users can also manually initiate the synchronization, change the synchronization rate, and stop the replication and failover.

Figure 62. Replication session details

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Failover Failover is the process of promoting the destination system to take over from the source. The failover operation will change the status of the destination file system to read-write and the status of the source file system to read-only.

To initiate a failover on the source VNXe, complete the following steps:

1. Go to Unisphere, select System > System Replications > Session Details and click Failover. The Failover dialog box appears as shown in Figure 63.

2. Click OK.

Figure 63. Failover operation

After the failover is complete, the status of the destination storage changes to read-write and the status of the source storage changes to read-only.

Failback To initiate a failback, complete the following steps in the destination array:

1. In Unisphere, select System > System Replications. A list of replication sessions appear.

2. Select a replication session and click Details. The details of the replication session appear.

3. Click Failback.

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Figure 64 shows the initiation of replication failback from the destination.

Figure 64. Initiation of replication failback from the destination

The failback destination synchronizes with the failback source and the replication session stops with no data loss. After failback, the status of the destination storage changes to read-only and the status of the source storage changes to read-write.

VMFS replication EMC Replication Manager and VNXe offer advanced data replication technologies to help protect the VMware virtual environment. In case of a disaster, the administrator can fail over to the destination side with minimum intervention. Replication Manager provides a single management console and wizards to simplify replication tasks. The data can be replicated within the same VNXe storage array or to a remote storage system array. Currently, the replication of VMFS datastores is possible only through Replication Manager.

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Figure 65 depicts the steps involved in disaster recovery.

Figure 65. VNXe VMFS replication using RM flowchart

Create a replication source The VMFS datastore that acts as the replication source must be created by using the VMware configuration wizard and the required ESX 4.1 host access must be granted.

Note: To configure either local or remote replication, the initial steps must be completed from the VNXe system, and then the replication job must be created from the Replication Manager Console.

Create a replication destination The replication destination can reside either on a local or on a remote storage system depending upon the replication type. The replication destination, which has read-only access permission, must be of the same size as the source. The steps to create a replication destination are the same for both the local and the remote replication. It is assumed that the remote storage system is VNXe. Replication to other EMC storage systems such as VNX and Celerra is out of the scope of this document.

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To create a replication destination, complete the following steps on the destination array:

1. In EMC Unisphere, click Storage > Generic iSCSI Storage, and then click Create a Replication Destination. The Generic iSCSI Storage Wizard appears as shown in Figure 66.

Figure 66. Generic iSCSI Storage

2. Create a replication destination by using the Generic iSCSI Storage Wizard.

Note: The steps to create a destination datastore are very similar to creating a VMFS datastore. “Create a VMware datastore” on page 35 provides more information. The destination storage is created as read-only and the replication role is set as Destination. Ensure that the hosts are connected to the destination storage on the same VNXe or on the remote VNXe/Celerra/VNX.

Add ESX 4.1 hosts to Replication Manager To add ESX hosts to Replication Manager, complete the following steps:

1. Ensure that Replication Manager server is installed on a separate host that manages all the replication jobs.

2. Open Replication Manager Console from the host on which Replication Manager server is installed.

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Figure 67. Right-click Hosts

3. In the left pane, right-click Hosts and then select New Host as shown in Figure 67. The Register New Host dialog box appears as shown in Figure 68.

4. Complete the following steps:

a. In the Host Name field, type the name of the host.

b. In the Port field, type the port number.

c. Select Enable VMware.

d. In the Virtual center host name field, type the virtual center hostname.

e. In the Username field, type the username.

f. In the Password field, type the password.

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Figure 68. Register New Host

5. Click OK. The Host Registration Progress dialog box appears as shown in Figure 69.

6. After the registration is complete, click Close.

Figure 69. Host registration progress

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Create an application set After registering the ESX hosts to Replication Manager, a new application set must be created. To create a new application set, complete the following steps.

1. In EMC Replication Manager, right-click Application Sets, and then select New

Application Set. The Application Set Wizard appears as shown in Figure 70.

Figure 70. Application Set Wizard page

2. Click Next. The Application Set Name and Objects page appears as shown in Figure 71.

3. In the Name field, type a name for the application set.

4. Select the required VMFS from the list.

Figure 71. Application Set Name and Objects page

5. Click Next. The Completing the Application Set Wizard page appears.

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6. Select Create a job for this application set and click Run Validation. The Application Set Validation dialog box appears as shown in Figure 72.

Figure 72. Application Set Validation dialog box

7. After the application set validation is complete, click Close.

Note: To view the validation process logs, click the Details button.

8. Click Finish. The application set is created.

Create a replication job To create a replication job, complete the following steps:

1. In EMC Replication Manager, right-click Jobs and then click New Job. The Job Wizard appears as shown in Figure 73.

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Figure 73. Job Wizard

2. Select the application set that must be replicated and click Next. The Job Name and Setting page appears as shown in Figure 74.

3. Complete the following steps:

a. In the Job Name field, type a unique name for the job.

b. In the Replication Source list box, select Primary Storage.

c. Select the replication technology depending upon the replication type:

− Select SnapSure for local replication

− Select Replicator for remote replication

d. Replica lifetime can be specified either by a number or by a duration:

− Select Limit replica count to:<number> to modify a replica rotation to delete replicas based on a maximum number of replicas.

− Select Keep replica for to specify the retention period on replicas.

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Figure 74. Job Name and Setting page

4. Click Next. The Target replication storage page appears as shown in Figure 75.

5. For a remote replication job, specify the destination system and the datastore information:

a. In the Storage System Hostname list box, select the destination storage system name.

b. In the iSCSI Server IP address list box, type the IP address of the iSCSI Server.

Figure 75. Target replication storage page

6. Click Next. The Mount Options page appears as shown in Figure 76.

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7. Set the replica’s mount host, path options, and other mount options.

8. Click Next. The replica is mounted on the host.

Note: It is mandatory to provide the ESX host path.

Figure 76. Mount Options page

Run a Replication Manager job To run a Replication Manager job, complete the following steps:

1. In the left pane of Replication Manager, right-click Jobs and then click New Jobs. The Job Wizard appears as shown in Figure 77.

2. Select one of the replication job scheduling options. A Replication Manager job can be executed in any one of the following ways:

Starting the job manually or with a third-party scheduler.

Creating a schedule at which this job will run.

Starting the job after another job completes. The selected job can be associated with the same application set or another.

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Figure 77. Starting the Job

3. Click Next. The Users to be Notified page appears as shown in Figure 78.

4. Type the email addresses of users to whom a notification email should be sent on completion of the job.

Figure 78. Users to be Notified page

5. Click Next. The Completing the Job Wizard page appears as shown in Figure 79.

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Figure 79. Completing the Job Wizard

6. Review the job details and click Finish. The scheduled job is listed under Jobs in EMC Replication Manager.

7. Right-click the job name, and then click Run. The Confirm dialog box appears as shown in Figure 80.

Figure 80. Confirm dialog box

8. Click Yes. The Run Job dialog box appears with detailed view logs as shown in Figure 81.

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Figure 81. Run Job process

9. After the job is complete, click Close and then click Finish. The job is successfully executed.

As part of the replication process, Replication Manager creates snapshots of the source and destination datastores. To view the snapshots, click the Snapshots tab. The Taken By column shows that the snapshots are taken by Replication Manager as shown in Figure 82.

Figure 82. Snapshots taken by Replication Manager

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Mount the Replication Manager replica If you have not selected the mount host during the replication job creation stage, the replicas associated with the application set can be mounted after the job completion to the ESX host and used for backup/test environment.

To mount a Replication Manager replica, complete the following steps:

1. In Replication Manager, select the application set from the left navigation pane. The replicas associated with the application set can be seen in the right pane.

2. Right-click the replica and then click Mount.

3. Specify the destination host and the path to which the replica must be mounted. The contents of the source VMFS datastore will be mounted to the given host and mount path.

Note: The mounted replica can be unmounted by selecting Unmount.

Replication failover If the source VMFS datastore becomes unavailable due to natural or human-caused disasters, then the access will be failed over to the destination storage. The destination datastore will be made as read-write and the production hosts will start using it.

To initiate a failover manually, complete the following steps:

1. In the left navigation pane, click the required application set. The replicas associated with the application set appear in the right pane.

2. Right-click the replica, and then click Failover. The Failover dialog box appears a shown in Figure 83.

Figure 83. Failover dialog box

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3. Select the new production ESX host from the drop-down list and click OK. The Confirm dialog box appears as shown in Figure 84.

Figure 84. Confirm dialog box

4. Click Yes. The Failover dialog box appears with detailed logs view as shown in Figure 85.

Figure 85. Failover dialog box

5. After the replica failover is complete, click Close. In Unisphere, the promoted snapshots replicas appear with the changed LUN number as shown in Figure 86.

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Figure 86. Changed LUN number

Promote replica To promote a replica, complete the following steps:

1. In the left navigation pane, click the required application set. The replicas mapped to the application set are visible in the right pane.

2. Right-click a replica and click Promote to Production. The Promote Replica dialog box appears as shown in Figure 87.

3. Select the new proxy or production host.

Figure 87. Promote Replica dialog box

4. Click OK. In Unisphere, the promoted snapshots replicas appear with the changed LUN number as shown in Figure 88.

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Figure 88. Changed LUN number of the replica

Note: Replication Manager is not part of the VNXe integrated system like in NFS replication. Therefore, when actions are performed on Replication Manager, the snapshots or changes reflect with little time delay in VNXe UI.

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Appendix A Shared Folder Server Configuration

This appendix presents the following topic:

Configure Shared Folder ............................................................... 102

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Configure Shared Folder VNXe Shared Folder Storage Server is the software component that performs storage management, and monitors operations associated with shared folder-based storage. To use VNXe Shared Folder Storage, the VNXe platform requires at least one Shared Folder Server. If a Shared Folder Server is not configured, use Unisphere to add at least one Shared Folder Server. If you create multiple Share Folder Servers, the system designates an SP to create the server based on the number of Share Folder Servers per SP.

To add one or more Share Folder Servers, complete the following steps:

1. Log in to Unisphere as an administrator.

2. Click the Settings tab. The Settings page appears.

3. Click Shared Folder Server Settings. The Shared Folder Server Settings page appears.

Figure 89. Shared Folder Server Settings location

4. Click Add Share Folder Server. The Shared Folder Server Wizard appears.

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Figure 90. Add Shared Folder Server location

Note: The Add Shared Folder Server button is available only for administrators.

5. To configure the Shared Folder Server Network interface, complete the following steps:

a. In the Server Name field, type a unique name specific to the VNXe platform.

Note: The server name is case-sensitive.

b. In the IP Address field, type the IP address of the Shared Folder Server.

c. In the Subnet Mask field, type the subnet mask address that identifies where the Shared Folder Server resides.

d. In the Gateway field, type the IP address.

e. In the Storage Processor list box, select the SP.

f. In the Ethernet Port list box, select the desired port.

g. If applicable, in the VLAN ID box, type or enter the desired ID.

Note: The associated VLAN ID for a Shared Folder Server ranges from 0 to 4095.

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Figure 91. Shared Folder Server page

6. Click Next. The Shared Folder Types page appears.

7. To select the services for the Shared Folder Server, complete the following steps:

a. Select Windows shares (CIFS).

b. In the Windows Domain list box, select the Windows domain name.

c. In the User Name field, type the user name.

d. In the Password field, type the password.

e. If applicable, in the Organization Unit field, enter the organization unit.

Figure 92. Shared Folder Types page

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8. Click Next. The Summary page appears.

9. Confirm the Shared Folder Server settings and click Finish.

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Appendix B VNXe iSCSI Server Target Setup

This appendix presents the following topic:

Configure VNXe for iSCSI connectivity .............................................. 108

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Configure VNXe for iSCSI connectivity VNXe iSCSI Storage Server is the software component that performs storage management and monitors operations associated with iSCSI-based storage. To use VMware storage on VNXe, at least one iSCSI server must be configured on the VNXe. If an iSCSI server is not configured, use Unisphere to add iSCSI servers. Both VNXe3100 and VNXe3300 can have up to 12 iSCSI servers on each SP. If you create multiple iSCSI servers, the VNXe platform designates an SP to create the server based on the number of iSCSI servers per SP.

To add one or more iSCSI servers, complete the following steps:

1. Log in to Unisphere as an administrator.

2. Click the Settings tab. The Settings page appears.

3. Click iSCSI Server Settings. The iSCSI Server Settings page appears.

Figure 93. Add iSCSI Server

4. Click Add iSCSI Server. The iSCSI Server wizard appears.

Note: The Add iSCSI Server button is available only for administrators.

5. To configure the iSCSI network interface, complete the following steps:

a. In the Server Name field, type a unique name specific to the VNXe platform.

Note: The server name is case-sensitive.

b. In the IP Address field, type the IP address of the iSCSI server.

c. In the Subnet Mask field, type the subnet mask address that identifies where the iSCSI server resides.

d. In the Storage Processor list box, select the SP for the iSCSI server.

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e. In the Ethernet Port list box, select the desired port.

f. If applicable, in the VLAN ID box, type or enter the desired ID.

Note: The associated VLAN ID for an iSCSI server ranges from 0 to 4095.

Figure 94. iSCSI Server Configuration

6. Click Next. The Summary page appears.

7. Confirm the iSCSI server settings and click Finish.

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Appendix C System Comparison and Limits

This appendix presents the following topics:

Model components and limits........................................................ 112

Software configuration limits ......................................................... 112

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Model components and limits

The two models in the VNXe family consist of the same core software. However, the two models have different hardware configurations. Table 6 compares the two models.

Table 6. VNXe model components and limits

Component VNXe3100 VNXe3300

CPU Intel Jasper Dual Core 1.73 GHz with Hyper-Threading

Intel Westmere Quad Core 2.13 GHz

System memory (per SP) 4 GB 12 GB

Number of memory channels

2 3

Memory speed 1066 MHz 1066 MHz

Connectivity options 12 x 1 GbE 16 x 1 GbE

8 x 1 GbE and 4 x 10 GbE

Maximum number of disks 96 (dual SP)

48 (single SP)

120

Allowed drive types • 300 GB 15k SAS

• 600 GB 15k SAS

• 2 TB NL-SAS

• 300 GB 15k SAS

• 600 GB 15k SAS

• 2 TB NL-SAS

Software configuration limits Table 7 describes the VNXe operating system limits.

Table 7. VNXe operating system limits

Parameter Limit

Hosts connected 500

Snapshots per virtual disk 2,000

Virtual disks 256

Snapshots per shared folder 96

Shared folders 500

Maximum virtual disk size 1.999 TB

Maximum shared folder size 15.533 TB

Open files 200,000

Concurrent connections 20,000

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Appendix D VNXe System Monitoring

This appendix presents the following topic:

Overview ............................................................................ 114

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Overview The VNXe family of storage arrays provides a simple dashboard interface to examine the health of the system. This appendix describes some of the features.

System utilization In Unisphere, select System > System Capacity. The Storage Resource View tab in the System Capacity page shows the system utilization chart that illustrates the capacity utilization based on the amount of storage used by various applications. It also shows the free space available.

Figure 95. System Capacity – Storage Resource View

The Utilization History View tab in the System Capacity page shows the history of the storage utilization.

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Figure 96. System Capacity – Utilization History View

These graphs help the administrators to understand the capacity requirements well in advance to permit sufficient time to plan for the future. It is highly recommended to periodically examine these graphs to determine if you are approaching the limit of the available resources on the system.

Monitor system health The System Health page monitors the state of the array. It provides an interactive graphical representation of the hardware components. The graphical part of the System Health page (System > System Health) provides a graphical carousel where you can select the different components to bring them to the front. The carousel contains:

• Front and rear view of the disk processor enclosure (DPE)

• Front and rear view of the disk array enclosure (DAE) (If more than one DAE exists, all DAEs appear in the carousel)

To display information about a particular system component, click one of the following:

• An element of the hardware graphic

• An element in the expandable component list

If the component is faulted or has any issue, a pop-up appears stating the issue as shown in Figure 97.

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Figure 97. System Health

A detailed description for the selected component is provided in the Component Description pane. Table 8 provides the icons for various health status levels.

Table 8. Health status icons

The Storage Resource Health page (System > Storage Resource Health) provides the status of the storage resources created on the system.

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Figure 98. Storage Resource Health

Performance In Unisphere, select System > Processor Performance to view the performance of both SPs. Either or both SPs can be selected at any time and the time frame slider can be set in such a way that the CPU usage will be shown for the last one hour (recent), 24 hours, or 48 hours (older).

Figure 99. CPU utilization

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Alerts Alerts that are generated by the system can be viewed in System > System Alerts as shown in Figure 100.

Figure 100. System Alerts

When a particular alert is selected, the alert information appears stating the problem and the severity level. Table 9 provides the icons for various severity levels.

Table 9. Alert severity icons

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System logs Select System > Logs to view the logs that are saved in the system. Log entries promoted to alerts are also listed as shown in Figure 101.

Figure 101. System logs

Table 10 provides the logging standards for various icons.

Table 10. Logging standard icons