Elective 2 – Windows Server Management

By: Aaron Angeles

IP Address Subnet

Topics

is an address used in order to uniquely identify a device on an IP network

The address is made up of 32 binary bits, which can be divisible into a network portion and host portion with the help of a subnet mask

32 binary bits are broken into four octets (1 octet = 8 bits)

IP Address

Each octet is converted to decimal and separated by a period (dot)

The value in each octet ranges from 0 to 255 decimal, or 00000000 - 11111111 binary

When assigning an address to a host, the first and last addresses are not to be assigned. The first address is  the Network Address and last is reserved as the Broadcast Address.

IP Address

Video Components of an IP Address:

Video

IP Address

Classes of IP Address:IP Address

CLASS

Address Range Supports

A 1.0.0.1 to 126.255.255.254 Supports 16 million hosts on each of 127 networks.

B 128.1.0.1 to 191.255.255.254 Supports 65,000 hosts on each of 16,000 networks.

C 192.0.1.1 to 223.255.254.254 Supports 254 hosts on each of 2 million networks.

D 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 Reserved for multicast groups.

E 240.0.0.0 to 254.255.255.254 Reserved for future use, or Research and Development Purposes.

IP Communication within a Single Networks:

1.) Determine local or remote networks2.) Resolve destination IP to MAC Address3.) Address packet4.) Deliver packet to destination.

IP Address

How IP address are wasted

Video

IP Address

Private IP addresses:

10.0.0.0 through 10.255.255.255172.16.0.0 through 172.31.255.255192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.255

IP Address

Subnets

A physical segment of a network that is separated from the rest of the network by a router or routers.

defines the part of an IP address that is the network ID and the part of an IP address that is the host id.

composed of four octets, similar to an IP address

Subnet

Considerations for creating a Subnet:

1. Determine the number of physical segments on your network.

2. Determine the number of required host addresses for each physical segment.

3. Based on the requirements as determined in steps 1 and 2 define the following One subnet mask for your entire network A unique subnet ID for each of the physical segment A range of host IDs for each subnet.

Subnet

Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSM)

◦ is a method of creating different-size subnet masks to conserve IP address

◦ is a technique that allows network administrators to divide an IP address space to subnets of different sizes, unlike simple same-size Subnetting

◦ is a means of breaking down IP addresses into subnets (multiple levels) and allocating it according to the individual need on a network

◦ Can also be called classless IP Addressing

Subnet

Formula for Computing the number of hosts available on a subnet:

Total Host = 2n -2

Where n = number of bits turned off (value of 0) on a subnet masks

Subnet

For example:

Subnet

Description Hosts Network ID Subnet Masks

Head Office 126 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.128

Department 1 62 192.168.10.128 255.255.255.192

Department 2 62 192.168.10.192 255.255.255.192

QUESTIONS

Determine the network ID of an IP Address:

Seatwork:

IP Address Address Class Subnet Mask Network ID

10.50.43.222

206.73.118.92

172.29.78.133

157.54.255.2

192.168.200.200

Determine whether the two IP Address are on the same network:

Seatwork

IP Address #1 IP Address #2 Subnet Mask Same (Yes/No)

192.168.22.65 192.168.25.200 255.255.255.0

10.38.99.10 10.208.99.10 255.0.0.0

192.168.199.208 192.168.199.1 255.255.255.0

172.18.165.36 172.31.218.118 255.255.0.0

VLSM:Main Network: 192.168.10.0Original Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0Requirements:No. of Subnet: 6No of host required per subnet:A - 25B - 35C - 80D - 10E - 2F - 4

Seatwork:

Subnet Name

Needed Size

Allocated Size

Address Mask Dec MaskAssignable

RangeBroadcast

C 80

B 35

A 25

D 10

F 4

E 2

Answer: