el presente simple es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para describir acciones habituales que suceden...

7/29/2019 El Presente Simple es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para describir acciones habituales que suceden con cierta fr

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El Presente Simple es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para describir acciones habituales que suceden con cierta frecuencia y no hacereferencia a si est ocurriendo en el momento actual.

I play tennis. Yo juego al tenis.(Hace mencin de un deporte que realizo cotidianamente y que no necesariamente lo estoy jugando en este momento).

He works in an office. l trabaja en una oficina.(Se refiere al trabajo que desarrolla una persona frecuentemente).

They travel to Madrid. Ellos viajan a Madrid.(Habla de un viaje que se repite a diario, aunque el sujeto no lo est realizando ahora).

A continuacin se muestran las formas afirmativa, interrogativaynegativa de este tiempo verbal:

En el cuadro superior se ha tomado como ejemplo el verbo PLAY(jugar). Observe que en el modo afirmativo, en la 3 persona delsingular, se le aade una "S" al verbo.

He eats vegetables. l come vegetales.Alice dances at the theatre. Alice baila en el teatro.The dog breaks the fence. El perro rompe la cerca.

En el modo interrogativo y negativo se utiliza el auxiliar DO, aunque en la 3 persona del singular se coloca como auxiliar DOES y sele quita la "S" al verbo.

Existen algunos casos particulares como por ejemplo, si el verbo empleado termina en "SS", "SH", "CH", "O" y "X" al formar la 3persona del singular en la forma afirmativa se le agrega "ES". Aqu vemos algunos ejemplos:

Si el verbo es FISH (pescar), se conjugar: He fishes at the sea. l pesca en el mar.

Si el verbo es KISS (besar), se conjugar: She kisses to her boyfriend. Ella besa a su novio.Si el verbo esWATCH (observar), se conjugar: He watches the mountain. l observa la montaa.Si el verbo es FIX (arreglar), se conjugar: He fixes his car. l arregla su coche.Si el verbo es GO (ir), se conjugar: She goes to the office. Ella va a la oficina.

Otra excepcin se presenta si el verbo termina en "Y" tras consonante. Para formar la 3 persona del singular se sustituye esta "Y" poruna "i" acompaada de la terminacin "ES". Por ejemplo:

Si el verbo es STUDY(estudiar) se conjugar: She studies the lesson. Ella estudia la leccin.

Para la forma negativa se puede emplear la forma contrada de DON'T en lugar de DO NOT o DOESN'T en vez de DOES NOT.

I don't play tennis. Yo no juego al tenis.He doesn't work in an office. l no trabaja en una oficina.

Theydon't travel to Madrid. Ellos no viajan a Madrid.
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Structure ExamplesWe use the Present Simple

Tense:

Para formar el presente simple se utiliza laforma verbal de la base de (go, work,speak, study). En la 3 persona singular(he, she, it), la forma base del verbo lleva-s/es. (Auxiliary verbs "be," "do,""have", que tambin se puede utilizar comoverbos principales, son excepciones.)

Affirmative formI

you workwethey

he/she/it works /-s/

go - goes /-es/watch - watches /-es/

play - plays /-s/study - studies /-es/

!Remember:to beI/you/we/they arehe/she/it isto doI/you/we/they dohe/she/it does

to haveI/you/we/they havehe/she/it has

Negative formIyou DO NOT /don't/we WORKtheyhe/she/it DOES NOT/doesn't / WORK1. She doesn't often go to thecinema.2. I don't get up early at the

weekend.3. They don't speakEnglish verywell.

Interrogative formIDO you WORK?wetheyDOES he/she/it WORK?

1. Do they speakforeign languages?2. Do you want a banana?3. Does your sister play the piano?

Questions and short answers:

1. Philip gets up at 6 o'clock everymorning.2. I go to school every day.3. She sometimesgoes out onFriday night.4. I usuallysleep late on Sundaymorning.5. Peter works for 8 hours every day.

6. We usuallystart work at 8 o'clock.7. My children oftenwatch TV in theafternoon.8. He alwaysforgets his keys.

cuando hablamos de las cosas quesuceden repetidamente o habitualmente

Con tiempo presente simple a menudoutilizamos expresiones de tiempo, comosiempre, a menudo, a veces, por logeneral, pocas veces, los sbados, rara

vez, nunca, todos los das, etcalways,often, sometimes, usually,seldom, on Saturdays, rarely,never, every day, etc.

1. I workin a bank.

2. Kate speaks English very well.3. Tom lives in London.

cuando hablamos de situacionespermanentes o de larga duracin

1. People make choices becausethey can't have everything theywant.2. Nurses workin clinics andhospitals.3. Football is a very popular sport inBulgaria.

cuando hablamos de personas ocosas en general

1. The Earth is spherical.2. My birthday is in May.3. California is in the Unated States.4. The sun rises in the east.5. Water freezes at 0C (32F).

para indicar las verdades generales,los hechos y las leyes cientficas

1. We arrive in Rome at 6 p.m.2. The train leaves in five minutes.3. The course starts next Thursday.

cuando hablamos de los planes deviaje y horarios (principalmente con verbos

como go, leave, arrive, start,come, return etc.)

1. She loves jazz music.2. My aunt hates travelling by train.3. I like ice cream. I don't likespinach.4. I thinkshe is a wonderful person.5. Do you believe in God?6. I have no money at the moment.7. My brother has a new car.8. That bicycle belongs to me.

con estado (o de estado) verbos como

like, dislike, love, think, seem,look, know, feel, understand,want, need, hate, remember,forget, prefer, believe, mean,taste, hear, see, have(cuando elsignificado es "poseer"), own, belong,

etc. Estos verbos no se utilizannormalmente en la forma progresiva(aunque hay excepciones).

1. Pour all ingredients into a mixingbowl and mix until smooth.2. Walk down the street to thecorner and then turn right.

para dar instrucciones / direcciones

The Present Simple Tense is also used in :

sentences after"when", "after", "while", "till" / "until","before", "as soon as" - When the rain stops, we'll go out.


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Do you like spaghetti?Yes, I do.No, I don't.Does she know Bulgarian?

Yes, she does.

I'll call you back as soon as I return home.

zero conditional sentences(when the result of the condition isalways true) - If you heat water to 100C (212F), it boils.

first conditional sentences(Often called the "real" conditionalbecause it is used for real (or possible) situations. These situations take

place if a certain condition is met.) - If you finish your homework I'llbring you to the zoo.

Notes about formation of the 3rd person singular (he, she, it):

If the verb ends in -ss, -sh, -ch, -x or -o, add -es to the base form:kiss - kisses, finish - finishes, watch - watches, mix - mixes, go - goes

If the verb ends in consonant + y change y to i and add -es:study - studies, copy - copies, try - tries, carry - carries

How do we make the Present Simple Tense?

subject

+auxiliaryverb

+mainverb

do base

There are three important exceptions:

1. For positive sentences, we do not normally use the auxiliary.2. For the 3rd person singular (he, she, it), we add s to the main verb or es to the

auxiliary.

3. For the verb to be, we do not use an auxiliary, even for questions and negatives.

Look at these examples with the main verb like:

subjectauxiliaryverb

mainverb

+

I, you, we,they

like coffee.

He, she, it likes coffee.

-

I, you, we,they

donot

like coffee.

He, she, it doesnot

like coffee.

?

DoI, you, we,they

likecoffee?

Does he, she, it likecoffee?

Look at these examples with the main verb be. Notice that there is no auxiliary:

subjectmainverb


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+

I amFrench.

You, we,they

areFrench.

He, she, it isFrench.

-

I amnot

old.

You, we,they

arenot

old.

He, she, it isnot

old.

?

Am I late?

Areyou, we,they

late?

Is he, she, it late?

How do we use the Present Simple Tense?

We use the present simple tense when:

the action is general

the action happens all the time, or habitually, in the past, present and future the action is not only happening now

the statement is always true

John drives a taxi.

past present future

It is John's job to drive a taxi. He does it every day. Past,present and future.

Look at these examples:

I live in New York.

The Moon goes round the Earth.

John drives a taxi.

He does not drive a bus.

We meet every Thursday.

We do not work at night.

Do you play football?

Note that with the verb to be, we can also use the present simple tense for situations that

are not general. We can use the present simple tense to talk about now. Look at theseexamples of the verb "to be" in the present simple tense - some of them are general, someof them are now:


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Am I right?Tara is not at home.

You are happy.

past present future

The situation is now.

NEGATION

TO BE, CAN, MUST

I, YOU + PLURAL DONT + VERB VERB + NOT

They go to school. They dont go to school. They are not (aren't) at home.

I like oranges. I dont like oranges. We are not (isn't) at school.

We hate peppermint. We dont hate peppermint. I am not (I'm not) hungry.

You havea cold. You dont have a cold. We can not (cannot) swim.

Monkeys (= They) eatbananas.

Monkeys dont eat snakes. I must not go out.

Bob and I (= We) goshopping.

Bob and I dont go shopping.

Jim and Carol (=They) sing asong.

Jim and Carol dont sing a song.

HE, SHE, IT + S DOESNT + VERB VERB + NOT

He wants an ice-cream. He doesnt want an ice cream. She is not (isn't) at school.

She likes hot dogs. She doesnt like hot dogs. It is not (isn't) hungry.

It drinks milk. It doesnt drinkmilk. He can not (can't) sing.

The dog (= It) hates cats. The dog doesnt hate cats.Ann (= She) hates chewinggums.

Ann doesnt hate chewing gum.

Bob (= He) speaksEnglish. Bob doesnt speakGerman.

NOTE

- es after - s / - ch / - sh

Examples: passes - watches - finishes

- ies after - y

Examples: study - studies / carry - carries

also: do - does / go - goes / have - has


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Introduction

The simple present tense is one of the most common tenses in English. This page will explainthe rules for forming the tense with regular verbs.

1. Forming the simple present tense

There are only two basic forms for the simple present tense; one ends with -s and the otherdoesn't. Here are the rules, using the example verb "sing":

Subject

Verb Form Example

I simple form I sing

You simple form You sing

Hesimple form +S

He sings

Shesimple form +S

She sings

Itsimple form +S

It sings

We simple form We sing

They simple form They sing

In other words, only THIRD PERSON SINGULAR subjects (he, she and it) have to have a verbwith -S.

2. -s or -es ?

With most verbs, the third person singular form is created simply by adding -S. However,with some verbs, you need to add -ES or change the ending a little. Here are the rules:

Verbending in...

How to make the 3rd personsingular

Example

s Add -ES He passes

z Add -ESShewaltzes


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Verbending in...

How to make the 3rd personsingular

Example

sh Add -ES She wishes

ch Add -ES He watches

x Add -ES She mixes

o Add -ES He goes

consonant +y

Change Y to I, then add -ES It flies

[anythingelse]

Add -S He sings

When you are sure that you understand the lesson, you can continue with the exercises.

El " Simple Present Tense" en ingls se utiliza para hablar de actividades habituales y verdades generales o, particulares. Porqu se produce esta confusin? Porque en espaol, muchas veces, hablamos en el tiempo Presente para hablar de acciones que estn

ocurriendo ahora. Por ejemplo: Qu haces? por, qu ests haciendo?. Qu son actividades habituales? Son actividades que realizas peridicamente, es decir, todos los das, una vez por semana, aveces, frecuentemente, siempre, nunca, etc.. Por ejemplo 1: I walk every day. [Aiguok evridei]. Yo camino todos los das.Por ejemplo2: You get up very early on Mondays. [Iu getap verierli onmandeis]. T te levantas muy pronto los lunes.Por ejemplo 3: He alwayscomes by car. [Hi olgeiskams baicar]. l siempre viene en coche. Qu son verdades generales? Son afirmaciones o, negaciones, de carcter universal. Ejemplo 1:Water boils at a hundreddegrees Celsius.[Guater boils ata handred degriis selsius]. El agua hierve a cien grados Celsius.Ejemplo 2: The sun always rises.[Desan olgeis raises]. El sol siempre sale. Qu son verdades particulares? Son afirmaciones o, negaciones, ciertas para una persona o un para grupo de personas.Ejemplo 1:She lives in London. [ShilIvsInLondon]. Ella vive en Londres.Ejemplo 2:They learn everything. [Dei lern evriizing]. Ellos/asaprenden todo.

Recuerda: El "Simple Present Tense" (El Presente) no se utiliza para hablar de lo que est ocurriendo ahora (para "ahora", seemplea el "Present Continuous"). El "Simple Present Tense" se utiliza para hablar de actividades que se realizan peridicamenteo, para hablar de verdades generales, o particulares.

Estructura: Sujeto + verbo en Presente. Nota: para la tercera persona "She, He and It" hay que agregar una "s" o "es" al final delverbo.

Ejemplo 1: I wake up at seven o'clock [aigeikap at sevn oclock]. (Yo) me despierto a las siete.Ejemplo 2: She studies [shisstadis].Ella estudia. Nota como aqu cambia el "spelling" (deletreo)para la tercera persona: y-->ies Ejemplo 3: It works (Itguorks]. Funciona.(Una mquina, por ejemplo).Ejemplo 4: They live in Paris [deilIvInPeris]. Ellos/Ellas viven en Paris. Cmo se niega con el "Present Tense"

Estructura negacin: Sujeto + do not (don't)/does not (doesnt) + verbo principal en infinitivo siempre. (Cuidado: NO poner la "s"o "es" para la tercera persona)

Ejemplo 1: They don't work hard. [Dei dontgourk hard]. Ellos/Ellas no trabajan duro.Ejemplo 2: She doesn't live here [Shi dasntlIvhiir].Ella no vive aqu. Cmo se pregunta con el "Present Tense"?

Estructura preguntas: Do/Does+ sujeto + verbo siempre en infinitivo (Cuidado:NO poner "s" o "es" para la tercera persona)+?

Ejemplo 1: Do you study? [Duiusstadi?] Estudias (t)?Ejemplo 2: Does she live here? [DasshilIvhiir?] Vive (ella) aqu?Repaso delas estructuras:


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Positivo Sujeto+ Verbo en Presente. Tercera persona agrega "s" o "es".

Negativo Sujeto + do not (don't)/does not (doesnt) + verbo principal en infinitivo siempre.

Pregunta Do/Does+ sujeto + verbo principal en infinitivo siempre+?

Recuerda: - Para negar y preguntar en presente se utiliza el verbo auxiliar "DO" [du] o "DOES"[das]. -El verbo "DO/DOES" es unverbo auxiliar (no significa hacer) y, por tanto, NUNCA debe utilizarse conjuntamente con el verbo "to be". Por ejemplo: No sedice: "Don't are." (incorrecto), sino "You aren't." (correcto).

el presente simple es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para describir acciones habituales que suceden...

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