egov.* an action framework for governance 2.0

ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK BEIJING, CHINA, 27 NOVEMBER 2009, 1

EGOV.* An Action Framework for Governance 2.0

Tomasz Janowski, Adegboyega Ojo, Elsa Estevez{tj,ao,elsa}@iist.unu.edu


MOTIVATION Explain Governance 2.0 and the reasons for a systematic approach to its development.

FRAMEWORK Introduce EGOV.* - An Action Framework for Electronic Government

DETAILS Explaining six main actions of the framework:

1)Readiness Assessment 2)Research and Problem Solving3)Strategy Development4)Program Development5)Human Capacity Development6)Organizational Capacity Development

ADAPTATION Explain how EGOV.* could be applied to implement Governance 2.0 strategies

AIM


OVERVIEW

1 Governance 2.0

2 EGOV.* - Electronic Government Development Framework

3 Applying EGOV.* to Governance 2.0

4 Conclusions

WSIS FORUM 2010, GENEVA, 13 MAY 2010, 4EGOV.* - AN ACTION FRAMEWORK FOR GOVERNANCE 2.0

DEFINITION Technology-enabled transformation of government organizations and their relationships with citizens, businesses and other arms of government.

AIMS Customer orientationBusiness-like managementQuality public servicesCitizens engagement and trust

ENABLERS ProcessesTechnologyPoliciesPeople

Reengineering administrative/business processesICT environment to support organizational changeWell-defined direction for technology-supported changePublic workforce trained in leadership, management and technical skills

RISKS 1) Over-reliance on technology 2) Inadequate public consultation3) Insufficient collaboration in government 4) Lack of emphasis on building human capacity5) Absence internal ownership, vision or strategy6) Direct adoption of solutions designed for other contexts7) Insufficient learning and research to precede implementation8) Insufficient administrative reform to accompany e-Government, etc.

ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT


DEFINITION The use of social media (Web 2.0 technologies) by governments for improving citizen access to information, participation in policy processes, delivery of customer-focused services and harnessing collective intelligence of citizens

CONTEXT Converging with other long-term societal trends such as:

oEmpowering citizens oThe rise of knowledge workers oThe importance of informal learningoUser-driven innovationoTransformation of hierarchical into network-based organizations

TECHNOLOGIES Blogs Wiki (e.g. Wikipedia)

Podcasts RSS feeds

Tagging (e.g. Flickr, del.icio.us) Social networks e.g. Facebook, Myspace

Search engines Massive Multiplayer Online Games e.g. World of Warcraft or Second Life

GOVERNANCE 2.0 – WHAT?


Expected benefits of Governance 2.0:

1 User-orientation Solutions like PatientOpinion.org.uk help understand user needs while public feedback and rating systems stimulate user-orientation

2 Transparency and accountability Applications like TheyWorkForYou.com and PlanningAlerts.com enable citizen awareness and monitoring of government activities.

3 Participation and inclusiveness E-Participation solutions such as e-Petitions stimulate debate and participation in public decision-making.

4 Joined-up government Applications like Intellipedia or knowledge management platform of Allen and Overy enable better collaboration across and within organizations, reducing the "silo effect" and duplication of efforts

GOVERNANCE 2.0 – WHY?


Major applications of Web 2.0 in government:

Back office:

oRegulation oCross-agency collaborationoKnowledge management

Front office

oService provision oPolitical participationoTransparency oLaw enforcement

The Application – Participatory Governance

Governance entails processes and institutions that contribute to public decision-making. Participatory Governance treats citizen engagement as the locus of governance, covering:

opreference determinationopolicy formulationopolicy implementation omonitoring and accountability

Governance 2.0 enables and supports Participatory Governance through the use of Web 2.0 technology.

GOVERNANCE 2.0 – WHERE?


Planning for Governance 2.0:

o Considering Governance 2.0 as a Technology concern.

o Focusing on the core governance issues that will benefit most from Governance 2.0.

o Aligning technology (Governance 2.0) and organizational (Participatory Governance) aspects.

GOVERNANCE 2.0 – PLANNING

Participatory Governance Strategy

Participatory Governance Structure

Governance 2.0 Strategy

Governance 2.0Structure

Strategy

Structure

Organization Technology


Adopting a strategy and program development framework which supports the alignment of Participatory Governance and Governance 2.0.

The process entails:

1)Developing a Governance 2.0 Strategy2)Designing a Governance 2.0 Architecture and supporting infrastructure 3)Ensuring the existence of an explicit Participatory Governance strategy 4)Ensuring that the necessary enablers and processes for Participatory Governance are provided5)Aligning 1 to 4

Developing Governance 2.0 strategy and program could be carried out through the EGOV.* framework.

GOVERNANCE 2.0 – IMPLEMENTATION


Despite the popularity of Governance 2.0, a number of implementation issues are coming to the fore:

o Justifying the value expected from the Governance 2.0 adoption, since unrestricted access to audio and video streams can overwhelm networks that were not designed to accommodate large volumes of such traffic in terms of bandwidth requirements and security vulnerability.

o Overcoming the perception by tax payers and the public that the use of Web 2.0 by governments is not a legitimate government business.

o The need for monitoring and cleaning up contributed contents to maintain productive public communication, and the need for a clear policy of what is and isn’t allowed in the public virtual space, may open government to the charges of political censorship.

o Ensuring that new electronic channels of participation created by Governance 2.0 are not monopolized or manipulated by a vocal minority.

These issues reflect the need for a planned approach to Governance 2.0 implementation.

GOVERNANCE 2.0 – ISSUES


OVERVIEW

1 Governance 2.0



4 Conclusions


EGOV.* aims to:

1)define an implementation strategy, 2)to construct a government program to realize this strategy, and3)to build the capacity of the local institutions to implement and benefit from the program

towards the development of Electronic Government for a given Public Administration (PA).

AIM


EGOV.* ACTIONS

1) READINESS ASSESSMENT2) RESEARCH3) STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT4) PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT5) HUMAN CAPACITY BUILDING6) ORGANIZATIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING


Identify the state-of-practice and state-of-readiness for Electronic Government in the PA, including existing initiatives and studies.

ACTION 1 – READINESS ASSESSMENT


Identify relevant international best practices and adapt them to the conditions in the PA, considering the results of the READINESS ASSESSMENT activity.

ACTION 2 – RESEARCH


Agree on the vision for the future of Electronic Government in the PA and define a set of goals, strategies and targets to realize this vision, taking into account the results of the READINESS ASSESSMENT and RESEARCH activities.

ACTION 3 – STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT


Define a concrete government program through which the goals and strategies defined during the STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT activity could be implemented.

ACTION 4 – PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT


Raising the capacity of the public workforce in the PA, covering a range of leadership, management and technical skills, to be able to lead, implement and benefit from the PROGRAM activity.

ACTION 5 – HUMAN CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT


Establishing a Center of Excellence (or Resource Center) on Electronic Governance in the PA, on the basis of existing institutions, and raising organizational capacity of this Center to play the role of central coordinator of Electronic Governance in the PA.

ACTION 6 – ORGANIZATIONAL CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT


EGOV.* is being implemented in three states:

1) Macao SAR (e-Macao) - the EGOV.* framework was developed out of the experience of implementing the e-Macao project from July 2004 to December 2006. A good number of projects are currently being implemented (since January 2007) in line with the developed Strategy.

2) Afghanistan (EGOV.AF) - The project commenced in May 2009 and is presently in the strategy development phase. Comprehensive readiness data have been collected through both offline and online survey instruments provided in local languages. The project is scheduled for completion in October 2010.

3) Cameroon (EGOV.CM) – The project commenced I January 2010 and is presently in Research phase. Pilot readiness exercise is scheduled to commence by early June 2010. The project is scheduled for completion by June 2010.

Defining characteristics of the framework includes - focus on ownership, local partnership (in addition to international partnership), institution building and sustainability.

EXPERIENCE IN APPLYING EGOV.*


OVERVIEW

1 Governance 2.0



4 Conclusions


EGOV.* FOR DEVELOPING GOVERNANCE 2.0

Steps to be undertaken for implementing Governance 2.0 based on the EGOV.* framework:

1) Establishing clear vision and goals for Gov 2.02) Establishing the readiness and needs for Gov 2.0 adoption3) Benchmark studies of other governments use of Web 2.0 technologies for Gov 2.0 Policy4) Developing Gov 2.0 strategy5) Developing Gov 2.0 program6) Implementing selected pilot Gov 2.0 initiatives7) Developing capacity of government officials and raising awareness of citizens on the use of Web 2.08) Etc.


OVERVIEW

1 Governance 2.0



4 Conclusions


CONCLUSION

We conclude the presentation with the following points:

1) While it is clear that Web 2.0 and Governance 2.0 potentially provides concrete benefits in terms participation, like any technological solution, realizing these benefits is not trivial.

2) Experiences from around the world shows the need for an explicit policy to shape the form and scope of Governance 2.0 adoption.

3) Strategic alignment between Governance 2.0 strategy (technology strategy) and Participatory Governance strategy (organizational strategy) is critical for concrete outcomes.

4) While there are already exciting opportunities provided by the existing Web 2.0 tools, more opportunities particularly for the public sector lie in automatic processing of the huge amounts of data provided by citizens on social media, through the integration across social media applications and mining valuable information from these data to support policy decisions.

5) A concrete approach to implementing Governance 2.0 is the EGOV.* framework.


Thank you for listening!

More information – www.egov.iist.unu.edu.

Tomasz Janowski, Adegboyega Ojo, Elsa Estevez{tj,ao,elsa}@iist.unu.edu

egov.* an action framework for governance 2.0

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