efras-landing menu description for arkia airlinescom_vfm/itemid,27/do,downlo… · efras-landing...

EFRAS-LANDINGMENU

DESCRIPTIONFOR

Arkia AirlinesVersion 23.10.2017

prepared by:Condor Flugdienst GmbH

Flight Operation EngineeringFRA HO/E

For internal use only!

The consent of the editor must be obtained prior to a distribution to others.

EFRAS-Description Chapter 1EFRAS / Landing

Date 23 OCT 20171.1. General

1. EFRAS / LANDING

The “EFRAS / LANDING”-program provides the performance information for landing depend-ing on the respective runway as a function of wind component and ambient temperature forall authorized landing flap settings in compliance with all the applicable regulations. Addition-ally the program offers special functions to cover several abnormal conditions.

The EFRAS - program basically uses two menu - the “MAIN-” and the “DETAILS”-menu.

The main-menu consists of two sections - one for the data input and one to display therequired performance parameters calculated.

The details-menu provides additional detailed performance data as background information.

A description of the two menus is provided in Subchapter 1.2. and 1.3..

1.1. GENERAL

The “EFRAS/LANDING”-program has been developed to fulfill the following requirements:

• Allow the determination of the maximum allowable landing weight using a fixed flap setting combination for approach and landing (i.e landing configuration, e.g. LANDING FLAPS 30 for 757-300). The landing configuration selection may be reduced for certain non normal landing conditions.

• Allow the determination of landing speed and distance together with other landing param-eters like missed approach climb gradient or Vref speed increment.

• Allow the determination of the landing weight, speed and distance in respect to the environ-mental, runway and airplane status conditions, e.g. QNH, wind, temperature or engine anti-ice, without any interpolation.

• Provide calculation of autobrake distances for a given landing weight• Allow the determination of the landing parameters for a runway shortening, VREF incre-

ment or a modified missed approach gradient.• Allow the determination of the maximum allowable landing weight, speed and distance for

all MEL and CDL items or non-normal landing configurartion which will affect the landing performance. The respective limitations due to other items, e.g. runway or airplane condi-tions, are observed.

The following points are general information concerning the use of the EFRAS-program.

• The navigation within the different menus and selection boxes is designed to be fully touch-screen compatible. It is possible to move between the input fields by using the < > TAB keys and to confirm a value with OK.

Note: It is recommended to confirm a numerical entry in an input field by using <> or the OK button for, e.g. Wind, OAT, QNH, TOW, CG, etc., prior a (re-) calculation.

• Items which are in general possible but not allowed for the respective ocnditions are shown in gray color on the different input fields (e.g. Eng Anti-Ice ON and Wing+Eng AI ON in the A/I input field for OAT above 10°C).

Settings which are different from the default/standard settings (e.g. AC OFF) are shown withorange background.


Date 23 OCT 20171.2. Main - Menu

1.2. MAIN - MENU

1.2.1. Input-section

The input-section mainly consists of three zones which are indicated by the letters A B and Cin the figure below.

Zone A1-A4:

Zone A1 contains the input fields to define the mission, i.e. the type of aircraft, the flight num-ber as well as departure and landing airport

• By selecting the aircraft registration the EFRAS-program selects the respective airplane data including MLW, engine type, etc.

• The departure and landing airport can be entered either with the three or four letter code.• After the selection of the airports the EFRAS-program defaults to the takeoff module when

the program is started the first time. • The Module selection field (see Zone A2) allows the switching between the takeoff and

landing module.• After selecting Landing the runway selection input will show up (see A3 above). The run-

way is selcted by clicking on the line showing the respective runway.

For a detailed explanation please refer to 1.2.3. Runway Selection.

A1

A2

A3



.

• After the runway is selected the respective runway information is displayed (see A4)• The Missed Approach Climb Gradient (MA GRAD) is displayed and it is possible to

change the Missed Approach Climb Gradient value if necessary. Additionally it is also pos-sible to select a different elevation on which the missed approach climb gradient calculation is based by entering the respective value in the Elv-G/A[ft] input field. The default value is the airport elevation.

• RWY-Condition input is available by selecting the respective condition, e.g. WET (see 1.2.4. Runway Condition Selection for details).

Zone B:

This line contains the input fields to define the environmental conditions, i.e. the wind, the OATand the QNH. Additionally you will find the input field for the landing weight.

• The Wind should be entered with direction (Dir), velocity (Vel) and gust (Gust) if required. The program then automatically calculates the head/tail-wind component and the cross-wind component. Alternatively the pilot can also enter the wind component directly without entering direction and velocity. The gust value is used for tail- and crosswind.

• The OAT could be entered in degree Celsius (°C) or degree Fahrenheit (°F). The default setting is degree Celsius (°C). By clicking on the displayed temperture unit (i.e. C or F) it is possible to switch between Celsius (°C) and Fahrenheit (°F).

• The QNH could be entered in hPa or inch HG. As the QNH range for both units do not over-lap each other, you are not required to add the unit when entering the QNH. The program displays automatically the QNH in both units next to the input field.

• The Landing Weight field allows the input of the respective landing weight. Only by enter-ing a specific landing weight the NON NORMALS selection is available.

• The VREF speed increment (VREF Inc) could be entered in the respective input field be-low the landing weight.

Zone C:

This zone consists of eight selection buttons covering the airplane status conditions (LAND-ING CONFIG, PACKS, A/I (ANTI-ICE), AUTO LAND, NON NORMALS, AUTO BRAKES,MEL/CDL) and a SPECIALS field (e.g. for runway shortening or autoland).

• The LANDING CONFIG button allows the selection of the different landing configurations.• MEL/CDL input fields. The subchapter 1.2.5. MEL / CDL Selection provides more informa-

tion.• The NON NORMALS input field handles the non normal landing configurations. It is only

available if a specific landing weight is entered.For more information refer to chapter 1.2.6. Non Normals.

A4

B

C



• The AUTO BRAKES selection is set to YES as default. Alternatively it is possible to select only one specific autobrake setting, e.g. AUTOBRAKES 3, or NO (Autobrake) for calcula-tion.

• The SPECIALS input field provides access to special features like runway shortening, man-ual ground spoilers or residual ice accretion (see 1.2.7. Specials for details).

The following values are choosen as default for the input-menu: Registration 4X-BAU / 4X-BAWFlt Nr IZ 0000Elev. G/A[ft] airport elevationWind:Dir 000Vel 0Gust 0Head 0 (Cross 0)OAT 15°CQNH 1013 hPaLanding Weight: 0VREF inc 0RUNWAY CONDITION1) DRYLanding Config1) LANDING FLAPS 30PACKS1) ONANTI-ICE1) OFFAuto Land1) NONon Normals1) ALL NORMALAuto Brakes1) YESMEL/CDL1) NOSPECIALS1) NO1): Standard values are underlaid in green color, example shown for 757-300



1.2.2. Output - Section

The output-section shows the respective landing data for the selected conditions.

Like the input-section the output-section could also be divided into five zones named A to Has you can see from the figure below.

Zone A:

This zone shows the required (i.e. factored) landing field length, the limited landing weightand threshold speed (VREF). [RLD = Required Landing Distance]

A

B

C

D

E

F

H

G



Zone B:

This zone displays the selected the landing configuration

Zone C:

This zone provides the selected runway condition.

Zone D:

Zone D includes the autobrake distance information (if selected in the AUTO BRAKESfield), the max manual distance and the recommended brake cooling time/information(Quck T/A Time - min). The recommend brake cooling time/information is based on therespective table shown in the PI-Section of the FCOM.

Zone E:

Additional informations, if available, are displayed in Zone E.

Zone F:

Only if a non normal landing configuration is selected the actual (i.e. unfactored) landingdistance and the respective threshold speed for this case is shown in Zone F. If ALL NOR-MAL is selected in the NON NORMALS field (i.e. default value) the Zone F is empty.[ALD = Actual Landing Distance]

Zone G:

This zone displays the selected the landing configuration as selected or required by theselected non normal landing configuration.

Zone H:

This zone provides the selected runway condition for the non normal landing configuration distance calculation.



1.2.3. Runway Selection

The runway selection window automatically opens when selecting „Landing“ in the Modulebox. If the runway seletion does not open automatically (e.g. when switching between thetakeoff and landing module) it can be activated by clicking on the white field below RWY:

All relevant information required to distinguish between the available runways/conditions, e.g.different landing procedures/missed approach gradients or landing distance available, are dis-played in the window. „ALL“ in the RWY&LDG PCD column indicate that the required missedapproach gradient is the same for all available landing procedures for this particular runway(see runway 10, 16 or 20 in the example below). If different missed approach gradients areused for one runway the respective procedure is listed together with the runway (see runway02 in the example below). Also reduced runway length (e.g. due to runway work) are indicatedin this column by respective lables (e.g. DISPL THR (see runway 28) or RWY SHRTNG (seerunway 10)). In addition landing distance available to certain taxiway exits (e.g. TURN OF E5(see runway 20)) are also indicated in this column.

The window is divided into four columns (RUNWAY&LANDING PROCEDURE (RWY&LDGPCD), MA GRAD [Required Missed Approach Climb Gradient], LDA, SLOPE).

.

Note: The nominal climb gradient of the missed approach surface is 2.5%.When a gradient other than the nominal gradient (i.e. 2.5%) is used inthe construction of the missed approach procedure this must be indicat-ed in the instrument approach chart and, in addition to the OCA/H for thespecific gradient the OCA/H applicable to the nominal gradient mustalso be shown.

clicking on the white field activates the runway selection



1.2.4. Runway Condition Selection

The EFRAS program covers the different runway conditions. To activate this function move tothe RUNWAY CONDITION selection box and select the respective runway condition.

When selecting CONTAM the following window will open:

As default reverse thrust is NOT included in the calculation for contaminated or slippery run-way. Calculation with reverse thurst credit for CONTAM and /or Autobrake can be selected inthe SPECIALS menu.

The calculation for the different contaminat types are based on the following:

5/GOOD:Calculation is done with mub=0.2 (BA GOOD)RLD:Perform wet –check (means program compares FAA wet with the select condition and takes longer distance)Includes additional 153m margin to account for the TALPA ARC 7 sec flareDistance will be factored by 115%



NON-NORMAL Configuration:NO wet check, includes additional 200m marginAutobrakes:No wet check, includes additional 200m margin or 115% factor which ever gives longer distanceWind limit:Crosswind limit = 30kts / Narrow RWY (<35m) = 20ktsThe same is used for Frost, Wet up to 3mm, Damp, Slush up to 3mm, Dry snow up to 3mm and Wet snow up to 3mm– NON-Normal Configuration is not available for this conditions

4/GOOD-MEDIUM:Calculation is done with mub=0.15 (BA GOOD-MEDIUM),RLD:Perform wet –check (means program compares FAA wet with the select condition and takes longer distance)Includes additional 153m margin to account for the TALPA ARC 7 sec flareDistance will be factored by 115%NON-NORMAL Configuration:NO wet check, includes additional 200m margin Autobrakes:No wet check, includes additional 200m margin or 115% factor which ever gives longer distanceWind limit:Crosswind limit = 20kts / Narrow RWY (<35m) = 13kts

3/MEDIUM:Calculation is done with mub=0.1 (BA MEDIUM)RLD:Perform wet –check (means program compares FAA wet with the select condition and takes longer distance)Includes additional 153m margin to account for the TALPA ARC 7 sec flareDistance will be factored by 115%NON-NORMAL Configuration:NO wet check, includes additional 200m marginAutobrakes:No wet check, includes additional 200m margin or 115% factor which ever gives longer distanceWind limit:Crosswind limit = 15kts / Narrow RWY (<35m) = 10kts

Slippery when wet:Calculation compares calculation for 3/MEDIUM (see above) with a calculation done for WETRules for WET:RLD:Standard FAA Wet distance



NON-NORMAL Configuration:Non-normal configuration landing distance not availableAutobrakes:Includes additional 200m margin or 115% factor which ever gives longer distanceWind limit:Crosswind limit = 15kts / Narrow RWY (<35m) = 10kts

Dry snow over Compacted snow:Calculation compares calculation for 3/MEDIUM (see above) with a calculation done for Dry snowRules for Dry snow:RLD:Perform wet –check (means program compares FAA wet with the select condition and takes longer distance)Distance will be factored by 115%NON-NORMAL Configuration:Non-normal configuration landing distance not availableAutobrakes:No wet checkIncludes additional 200m margin or 115% factor which ever gives longer distanceWind limit:Crosswind limit = 10kts / Narrow RWY (<35m) = 7kts

Wet snow over Compacted snow:Calculation compares calculation for 3/MEDIUM (see above) with a calculation done for Slush Rules for Slush:RLD:Perform wet –check (means program compares FAA wet with the select condition and takes longer distance)Distance will be factored by 115%NON-NORMAL Configuration:Non-normal configuration landing distance not availableAutobrakes:No wet checkIncludes additional 200m margin or 115% factor which ever gives longer distanceWind limit:Crosswind limit = 10kts / Narrow RWY (<35m) = 7kts

Dry snow > 3mm (1/8‘‘) max 60mm:Calculation compares calculation for MEDIUM (see before) with a calculation done for Dry snow Rules for Dry snow:RLD:Perform wet –check (means program compares FAA wet with the select condition and takes longerDistance will be factored by 115%



NON-NORMAL Configuration:Non-normal configuration landing distance not availableAutobrakes:No wet checkIncludes additional 200m margin or 115% factor which ever gives longer distanceWind limit:Crosswind limit = 10kts / Narrow RWY (<35m) = 7kts

Wet snow > 3mm (1/8‘‘) max 13mm:Calculation compares calculation for MEDIUM (see above) with a calculation done for Slush Rules for Slush:RLD:Perform wet –check (means program compares FAA wet with the select condition and takes longer distance).Distance will be factored by 115%NON-NORMAL Configuration:Non-normal configuration landing distance not availableAutobrakes:No wet checkIncludes additional 200m margin or 115% factor which ever gives longer distanceWind limit:Crosswind limit = 10kts / Narrow RWY (<35m) = 7kts

Compacted snow OAT above -15°C:Calculation compares calculation for MEDIUM (see above) with a calculation done for Compacted snowRules for Compacted snow:RLD:Perform wet –check (means program compares FAA wet with the select condition and takes longer distance)Distance will be factored by 115%NON-NORMAL Configuration:Non-normal configuration landing distance not availableAutobrakes:No wet checkIncludes additional 200m margin or 115% factor which ever gives longer distanceWind limit:Crosswind limit = 15kts / Narrow RWY (<35m) = 10ktsTemperature limit:MINIMUM OAT = -15°C

2/MEDIUM-POOR:Calculation is done with mub=0.075 (BA MEDIUM)RLD:Perform wet –check (means program compares FAA wet with the select condition and takes longer distance).Includes additional 153m margin to account for the TALPA ARC 7 sec flare



Distance will be factored by 115%NON-NORMAL Configuration:NO wet check, includes additional 200m margin (to account for average 1600ft touchdown point based on FDM)Autobrakes:No wet check, includes additional 200m margin or 115% factor which ever gives longer distanceWind limit:Crosswind limit = 10kts / Narrow RWY (<35m) = 7kts

Water >3mm (1/8‘‘) max 13mm:Calculation compares calculation for MEDIUM-POOR (see above) with a calculation done forStanding Water Rules for Standing Water:RLD:Perform wet –check (means program compares FAA wet with the select condition and takeslonger distance)Distance will be factored by 115%NON-NORMAL Configuration:Non-normal configuration landing distance not availableAutobrakes:No wet check, includes additional 200m margin or 115% factor which ever gives longer distanceWind limit:Crosswind limit = 10kts / Narrow RWY (<35m) = 7kts

Slush > 3mm (1/8‘‘) max 13mm:Calculation compares calculation for MEDIUM-POOR (see above) witha calculation done for Slush Rules for Slush:RLD:Perform wet –check (means program compares FAA wet with the selectcondition and takes longer distance)Distance will be factored by 115%NON-NORMAL Configuration:Non-normal configuration landing distance not availableAutobrakes:No wet check, includes additional 200m margin or 115% factor which ever gives longerdistanceWind limit:Crosswind limit = 10kts / Narrow RWY (<35m) = 7kts

1/POOR:Calculation is done with mub=0.05 (BA MEDIUM)RLD:Perform wet –check (means program compares FAA wet with the select condition and takes longer)



Includes additional 153m margin to account for the TALPA ARC 7 sec flareDistance will be factored by 115%NON-NORMAL Configuration:NO wet check, includes additional 200m margin (to account for average 1600ft touchdown point based on FDM)Autobrakes:No wet check, includes additional 200m margin or 115% factor which ever gives longer distanceWind limit:Crosswind limit = 0kts / Narrow RWY (<35m) = 0ktsSpecial Message: „B.A. POOR: LANDING UNDER POOR CONDITIONS IN EMERGENCY CASE ONLY !“

ICE (cold and dry):Calculation is done with mub=0.05 (BA POOR)RLD:Perform wet –check (means program compares FAA wet with the select condition and takes longer distance).Includes additional 153m margin to account for the TALPA ARC 7 sec flareDistance will be factored by 115%NON-NORMAL Configuration:Non-normal configuration landing distance not availableAutobrakes:No wet check, includes additional 200m margin or 115% factor which ever gives longer distanceWind limit:Crosswind limit = 0kts / Narrow RWY (<35m) = 0ktsSpecial Message: „B.A. POOR: LANDING UNDER POOR CONDITIONS IN EMERGENCY CASE ONLY !“



1.2.5. MEL / CDL Selection

By selecting YES at the MEL / CDL SELECTION window the selection window (shown below)opens automatically.

The EFRAS program automatically observes the different limitations and responds withrespective messages. Please observe the following two special procedures:

The selection of up to four MEL and/or four CDL items at one time is possible.

Additionally you can select ONE MEL / CDL item and press the View button to activate theMEL/CDL -text information (the View option is currently not available).

For certain items, especially CDL, which have a dependence on sub-items, e.g. number ofdamaged parts or affected seals, a separate sub-window will pop-up for the respective datainput:



1.2.6. Non Normals

The selection window for NON NORMALS will open up when clicking on the respective field,provided a specific Landing Weight was entered first.

When selecting a NON NORMAL item the landing configuration and ground spoiler setting areselected by the program automatically. Please note that these settings may differ from theselection made before manually.

If a MEL and/or CDL item is selected parallel, the non normal configuration distance is cor-rected for the MEL and/or CDL penalty.

All required landing distance value determined for NON NORMAL conditions are unfactored(i.e. actual landing distance).



1.2.7. Specials

The SPECIALS input field (F8-Key) covers runway modifications (i.e. shortening), additionalprocedures and performance options if necessary.

• The specials menu offers the possibility to select MANUAL GROUND SPOILERS.• The selection of REVERSERS INCLUDED is also possible. When selected the calculation

for contaminated/slippery runway does include reverse thrust. Please note that reverse thrust is included depending on the respective malfunction when calculating Inflight data, i.e. whether two, one or none reversers are available for the respective Non-Normal condi-tion (e.g. no reverse thrust is available for L and R HYD SYS inoperative).

• EFP AS MISSED APPROACH can be selected. If selected EFRAS determines the maxi-mum allowed landing weight based on the respective takeoff weight for flaps 20 using the EFRAS takeoff application. The respective EFP text is displayed in the Info field.

• INFLIGHT ICING is selectable.• The pilot can select that the MA GRAD is not considered for the calculation, i.e. only the

standard values (2.1% approach climb gradient and 3.2% landing climb gradient) are ob-served by selecting the MA GRAD NOT CONSIDERED line.

• A input fields is available to enter a runway shortening (meter). It is always assumed that the runway shortening is at the end of the runway.

Note: The Performance for 757 differ between APU ON or APU OFF. Thelanding calculation is based on APU ON and valid for APU ON or OFF.

.


Date 23 OCT 20171.3. Details - Menu

1.3. DETAILS - MENU

The EFRAS program also provides a page with additional information, accessible with theView Details button (or ALT T) from the main-menu, which displays additional backgroundperformance information. The different weight limitations for field, climb, approach and go-around are presented. Additionally the respective approach climb, landing climb and go-around climb gradients are shown. Also unfactored and factored landing distance values aregiven. Please note that some of the information will not be available for certain conditions.

After pressing the View Details button the window shown below will open in the output menu.

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