effects of entrainment and temperature increase on
TRANSCRIPT
EEffects of Entrainment and Temperature ffects of Entrainment and Temperature Increase on Phytoplankton: Increase on Phytoplankton:
A Novel Use of HPLC Pigment and A Novel Use of HPLC Pigment and Particle Size Analyses. Particle Size Analyses.
CENTER FOR COASTAL CENTER FOR COASTAL ECOLOGYECOLOGY
Big Bend Big Bend FacilityFacility
⇒⇒
Hillsborough Bay
Big Bend Big Bend FacilityFacility
Local Watershed
MethodsMethods
1998 1999
May September December March
Sampling Sites
1) Intake Canal,2) Discharge Canal3) Thermal Area of the mixing zone,4) North Apollo Bay5) South Control Area
Methods Methods -- continuedcontinuedHigh Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Pigment AnalysisParticle Size Analysis
- Multisizer IIe (1.0 m - 25 m )
- Coulter LS laser analyzer (2 m - 2000 m)
Total Suspended Solids (TSS/TVS)–20 samples per station per quarter
Effects of Facility on PlanktonEffects of Facility on Plankton
–Thermal, rapid temperature riseEntrainment Effects
–Mechanical, cell breakage
Post Entrainment Effects–Thermal, elevated temperature area
ObjectivesObjectives
To Measure- Change in Particle Sizes
- Change in Phytoplankton Composition
–biomass–community composition
- Relate to Temperature regime
Near Discharge
Thermal I Area
Apollo Bay
Sep 29 Oct 06 Oct 13 Oct 20 Oct 27-5
0
5
10
15
Sep 29 Oct 06 Oct 13 Oct 20 Oct 27
Diff
eren
ce fr
om B
otto
m In
take
Tem
pera
ture
(C)
-5
0
5
10
15
Sep 29 Oct 06 Oct 13 Oct 20 Oct 27-5
0
5
10
15
Temperature RegimeTemperature Regime
South Control
Thermal II
North Control
Sep 29 Oct 06 Oct 13 Oct 20 Oct 27-5
0
5
10
15
Sep 29 Oct 06 Oct 13 Oct 20 Oct 27
Diff
eren
ce fr
om In
take
Bot
tom
Tem
pera
ture
(C)
-5
0
5
10
15
Sep 29 Oct 06 Oct 13 Oct 20 Oct 27-5
0
5
10
15
Temperature RegimeTemperature Regime
DischargeApollo Bay
Particle Size (µm)
0 1 2 3 4 5
Par
ticle
Abu
ndan
ce
0
5000
10000
15000
20000 September 1998
Thermal So. Ctrl Intake
Particle Size DistributionParticle Size Distribution
September 1998
DischargeApollo Bay
Particle Size (µm)
5 6 7 8 9 10
Par
ticle
Abu
ndan
ce
0
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
Thermal So. Ctrl Intake
Particle Size DistributionParticle Size Distribution
September 1998DischargeApollo Bay
Particle Size (µm)
10 11 12 13 14 15
Par
ticle
Abu
ndan
ce
0
25
50
75
100
Thermal So. Ctrl Intake
Particle Size DistributionParticle Size Distribution
September 1998DischargeApollo Bay
Particle Size (µm)
15 16 17 18 19 20
Par
ticle
Abu
ndan
ce
0
10
20
30
40
50
Thermal So. Ctrl Intake
Particle Size DistributionParticle Size Distribution
September 1998
DischargeApollo Bay
Particle Size (µm)
20 21 22 23 24 25
Par
ticle
Abu
ndan
ce
0
2
4
6
8
10
Thermal So. Ctrl Intake
Particle Size DistributionParticle Size Distribution
SEPTEMBER 1998
Thermal
So. Ctrl.
Intake
Discharge
Apollo
Particle Size
02468
101214
02468
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Perc
ent
02468
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02468
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0.0
0.5
0.7
1.0
1.4
2.0
2.8
3.9
5.5
7.8
11.0
15.6
22.1
31.0
44.0
62.5
88.0
125.
017
7.0
250.
035
0.0
500.
071
0.0
1000
.014
10.0
2000
.0
02468
101214
Particle Size Particle Size Distribution Distribution Coulter LSCoulter LS
DECEMBER 1998
Thermal
So. Ctrl.
Intake
Discharge
Apollo
Particle Size
02468
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02468
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Perc
ent
02468
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02468
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0.0
0.5
0.7
1.0
1.4
2.0
2.8
3.9
5.5
7.8
11.0
15.6
22.1
31.0
44.0
62.5
88.0
125.
017
7.0
250.
035
0.0
500.
071
0.0
1000
.014
10.0
2000
.0
02468
101214
Particle Size Particle Size Distribution Distribution Coulter LSCoulter LS
MARCH 1999
Thermal
So. Ctrl.
Intake
Discharge
Apollo
Particle Size
02468
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02468
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Perc
ent
02468
101214
02468
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0.0
0.5
0.7
1.0
1.4
2.0
2.8
3.9
5.5
7.8
11.0
15.6
22.1
31.0
44.0
62.5
88.0
125.
017
7.0
250.
035
0.0
500.
071
0.0
1000
.014
10.0
2000
.0
02468
101214
Particle Size Particle Size Distribution Distribution Coulter LSCoulter LS
HPLC - Photosynthetic Pigment Analysis
Eleven pigments differentiated by HPLC methodology ( g/l values)
– chlorophyll a –alloxanthin
–9'-CIS-xeoxanthin– chlorophyll b
–lutein– diadinoxanthin
–peridinin–diatoxanthin
–violoxanthin–fucoxanthin
–zeaxanthin
Similarity LevelArea Rep (high) (low)Apollo 14 ---------I-I I ISo. Ctrl. 2 ---------I I--I I ISo. Ctrl. 7 ----I-----II I I ISo. Ctrl. 8 ----I II I-I I IThermal 11 ----------I I I I ISo. Ctrl. 19 --------------I I I I
I I IIntake 4 ----------I I I IIntake 6 ----I--I I----II--I I---IIntake 17 ----I I-II II I IIntake 14 -------I II II I IIntake 7 ----I---II II I IIntake 16 ----I II II I IIntake 8 ----II I I I IIntake 19 ----II--I I I IIntake 20 -----I I I I-I
I I I ISo. Ctrl. 5 -------------I-I I I ISo. Ctrl. 15 ---------I---I I I ISo. Ctrl. 16 -----I---I I I IThermal 15 -----I I I I
I I IIntake 9 ------I--------------I I IIntake 11 ------I I I
I IApollo 11 -----------I-------------I IApollo 17 -----------I I
IIntake 3 -----I-------I IIntake 5 -----I I--I IIntake 13 -------------I I---I IIntake 12 ----------------I I------IIntake 18 --------------------I
SeptemberSimilarity Level
Area Rep (high) (low)Apollo 1 ---I--IApollo 2 ---I I--IApollo 3 -----II I--IApollo 13 -----I I IApollo 7 -----I---I IIApollo 18 -----I IIApollo 5 ---------I-III-IApollo 15 ---------I III IApollo 11 -----------I I IApollo 6 --------I----I I-IApollo 10 --------I I I
I IApollo 8 -------I--I I IApollo 19 -------I I--I I IThermal 6 ----------I I-I I-IThermal 12 -------------I I
I Intake 1 ---------I----I I Intake 10 ------I--I I I Intake 15 ------I I I
I I So. Ctrl. 4 --------I I--I So. Ctrl. 10 -----I-III I So. Ctrl. 18 -----I IIII I So. Ctrl. 20 -------I II I Thermal 14 ---------II---I So. Ctrl. 6 ------I ISo. Ctrl. 11 ---I-II---Io. Ctrl. 17 ---I IISo. Ctrl. 12 -----I
March
Level of SimilarityArea Rep High Low
Apollo 1 ----------I----IApollo 11 ----------I IApollo 6 -----I-------I I-IApollo 7 ---I-I I I IApollo 8 ---I I-I I
I IThermal 6 ----II I IThermal 7 ----II-------I I-----IThermal 9 ---I-I I IThermal 16 ---I I I
I IApollo 17 ------I--I I IIApollo 18 ------I I-------I IIApollo 19 -------I-I IIApollo 20 -------I II----I
II IApollo 5 -----------------I-----II IIntake 4 -----------------I I IApollo 4 ---I-------------I I IApollo 14 ---I I-----I IThermal 1 ------------------I I
March
Apollo 3 -------I--I IThermal 3 ------II I IThermal 15 ------I I I
I IDis 2 -------I II IDis 13 ----I-III II IDis 14 --I-I III II IDis 15 --I III II IIntake 15 ---I--I I-II-I IThermal 4 ---I I I I I ISo. Ctrl. 15 ------I I I I IDis 5 --------I I II IThermal 14 -----------I II I
II I
MarchDis 17 -----I--I II IThermal 10 ----II I II IThermal 19 ----I I----II----I IThermal 18 ------I-I I I IThermal 20 ------I I I I IThermal 17 --------I I I I
I I IApollo 13 -------------II I I----IApollo 15 --------I-I II I I IThermal 13 --------I I--I I---I I IIntake 11 --------I-I I I I IThermal 12 --------I-I I I I I
Dis 1 ---------I------I I I I IIntake 12 ---------I I-II I I IDis 4 ----------------I II I I I
II I I IDis 12 -----------------III I I IDis 16 -----II II I I IDis 18 -----II---I II I I IIntake 16 ----I-I I-I II I I IIntake 17 ----I I I I II I IIntake 13 ------I---I I I II I IIntake 14 ----I-I I I II I ISo. Ctrl. 14 ----I I----I II I IDis 19 ------I-I I II I IDis 20 -----II I--II II I IIntake 6 -----I I II II I IIntake 18 -------II II II I IIntake 20 -------I I II I ISo. Ctrl. 5 -----------I
Phytoplankton Composition - SeptemberDiatoms, Chlorophytes, Cryptophytes, Cyanobacteria, Dinoflagellates
Intake
5%
6%7%
82%
0%
Discharge
8%9%11%
0%
72%
Phytoplankton Composition - SeptemberDiatoms, Chlorophytes, Cryptophytes, Cyanobacteria, Dinoflagellates
Thermal
0%
11% 7%
72%
10%
North Apollo Bay
11% 5%
5%0%
79%
Phytoplankton Composition - SeptemberDiatoms, Chlorophytes, Cryptophytes, Cyanobacteria, Dinoflagellates
South Control
12%9%11%
0%
68%
Intake
5%
6%7%
82%
0%
Phytoplankton Composition - MarchDiatoms, Chlorophytes, Cryptophytes, Cyanobacteria, Dinoflagellates
Intake
10%
46%
23%
17%
4%
Discharge
16%
48%
23%
10%
3%
Phytoplankton Composition - MarchDiatoms, Chlorophytes, Cryptophytes, Cyanobacteria, Dinoflagellates
Thermal
12%31%
10%
4%43%
North Apollo Bay
11%26%
14%
46%3%
Phytoplankton Composition - MarchDiatoms, Chlorophytes, Cryptophytes, Cyanobacteria, Dinoflagellates
South Control
9%14%
14%
4%
59%
Intake
10%
46%
23%
17%
4%
Tota
l Sus
pend
ed S
olid
s B
iom
ass
(µg/
l)
NA
Mar 1999
Dec 1998
Sep 1998
May 1998
NANA
02468
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02468
101214
02468
101214
Apollo
Discha
rge
Intak
e
So. Ctrl.
Therm
al
02468
101214
Total Suspended Solids – All Months
SummaryPhysical Disruption Hypothesis
- Supported by the size distribution data
MayShift in the percentage of particles in the larger sizes to smaller sizes after passage through the plant.
Summary - continued
Physical Disruption
SeptemberLarge size particle shift was not evident.
May and SeptemberSmall size range (10 - 20 um) showed a reduction of particle numbers after plant passage.
Summary - continued
Physical Disruption
December - North Apollo Bay & Thermal Sites
- Elevation of particle size percentages in the 30 to 40 um range.
- Particle size distribution below 20 um were greater than the Intake and South Control.
Summary - continued
Pigments
- Some pigments decreased from intake to discharge,
- Other pigments showed no marked decrease from intake to discharge
Summary - continued
Pigments
May & September
Decrease (30 to 50%) of chlorophyll a, peridininand fucoxanthin from Intake to the Discharge (dinoflagellates, diatoms, prymnesiophytes and chrysophytes).
- Physical disruption of cells deemed a likely cause of this effect
Summary - continued
Pigments - March - Elevated green alga pigments at the north Apollo Bay site.
- - Warm water might be supporting this typically warm weather class of phytoplankton during a typical cool water month.
Summary - continued
Pigments – March continued
- Little evidence of physical disruption for green alga .
North Apollo Bay and Thermal sites
- Enriched particle size percentages at 30 to 40 um (diatoms)
- enhanced particle numbers at 5 to 15 um (green algae).
Summary - continued
Pigments – December
- Slight elevation of fucoxanthin and chlorophyll
- Indicating a possible thermal enhancement of diatoms, prymnesiophytes or chrysophytes
Conclusions
Shifts in phytoplankton communities were not extreme,
Primary production in the vicinity of the plant was not significantly altered.
No algal classes that were present at one site were completely eliminated at another.
A large portion of the phytoplankton population passes through the plant intact.
Conclusions
Warm Months
Intake to Discharge Reduction of phytoplankton by as much as 50%
Beyond Discharge No reduction evident - indicating rapid recovery
Conclusions
Cool Months
Enhanced growth of some components of the phytoplankton community by 50 to 400% over the control site.
Conclusions
Nutrients
Nutrient availability cannot be ruled out as a contributing factor to this enhanced growth within north Apollo Bay
Sarasota Pine Island Florida Keys