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    EDUCATION IN INDIA : KEY

    PROBLEMS AND

    REMEDIES

    A PRESENTATION ON

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    PRESENTED BY

    Mayank Ganatra (1225014)

    Amol Date (1225015)

    Jyoten Panditpautra (1225016)

    Suvarna Ghule (1225017)

    Ashwin Tank (1225018)

    Kshitij Godbole (1225019)

    Yogi Bhimani (1225020)

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    OVERVIEWAs we all know that what role does Education

    play in our lives and what is its importance. The

    presentation throws light on Indian Education

    System It includes a brief overview on education,different levels of education, policies of the

    government, problem that the Indian Education

    system is facing, the loopholes in the education

    system, the initiatives taken by the governmentto improve education system and at the end the

    conclusion.

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    INTRODUCTION

    WHAT IS EDUCATION ?

    Education in its broadest, general sense is the means through which the aimsand habits of a group of people sustain from one generation to the

    next. Generally, it occurs through any experience that has a formative effect onthe way one thinks, feels, or acts. In its narrow, technical sense, education is

    the formal process by which society deliberately transmits its

    accumulated knowledge, skills, customs and values from one generation to

    another, e.g. instruction in schools.

    EDUCATION IN INDIAEducation in India is provided by the public sector as well as the privatesector, with control and funding coming from three levels: central, state, and

    local. Education in India falls under the control of both the Union Government

    and the states, with some responsibilities lying with the Union and the states

    having autonomy for others. The various articles of the Indian Constitution

    provide for education as a fundamental right. Most universities in India arecontrolled by the Union or the State Government.

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    EDUCATION IN INDIA

    India having a good growth in literacy still faces stern challenges :-

    1. 25% of its population is still illiterate

    2. Only 15% of Indian students reach high school

    3. Just 7%, of the 15% who make it to high school, graduate.

    4. The quality of education whether at primary or higher education is

    significantly poor as compared with major developing nations.5. 25% of teaching positions nationwide are vacant.

    6. 57% of college professors lack either a master's or PhD degree.

    7. As of 2011, there are 1522 degree-granting engineering colleges in India

    with an annual student intake of 582,000, plus 1,244 polytechnics with an

    annual intake of 265,000. However, these institutions face shortage of

    faculty and concerns have been raised over the quality of education.

    India has the largest student population in the world with over 13.5cr pupils in

    primary education. Educating such a large population is not only an expensive

    task but also a very difficult one. This task is being handled primarily by the

    government through its school infrastructure and large Budgetary outlays.

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    LEVELS OF EDUCATION IN

    INDIA

    Levels of education in India are as follows :-

    1. Primary Education

    2. Secondary Education

    3. Under-Graduate Education

    4. Post Graduate Education

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    EDUCATIONAL POLICIES IN

    INDIA NATIONAL POLICY ON EDUCATIONThe National Policy on Education (NEP) is a policy formulatedby the Government of India to promote education amongst

    India's people. The policy covers elementary education to

    colleges in both rural and urban India.

    i. It emphasizes three aspects in relation to elementaryeducation:

    universal access and enrolment,

    ii. Universal retention of children up to 14 years of age, and

    iii. A substantial improvement in the quality of education to

    enable all children to achieve.

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    EDUCATIONAL POLICIES IN

    INDIA

    RIGHT TO EDUCATIONThe landmark passing of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory

    Education (RTE) Act 2009 marks a historic moment for the children of

    India. For the first time in Indias history, children will be guaranteed

    their right to quality elementary education by the state with the help of

    families and communities.Few countries in the world have such a national provision to ensure

    child-centered, child-friendly education to help all children develop to

    their fullest potential. There were an estimated eight million six to 14-

    year-olds in India out-of-school in 2009.

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    EDUCATIONAL POLICIES IN

    INDIA THE NATIONAL POLICY FOR CHILDREN 1974The National Policy for Children 1974 was founded on the

    conviction that child development programmes are necessary

    to ensure equality of opportunity to these children. It provides

    the framework for assigning priorities to different needs of

    children, and for responding to them in an integrated manner.Other policies, programmes and schemes for child

    development have been formulated, keeping in mind the

    objectives of this National Policy.

    (i) All children shall be covered by a comprehensive health

    programme.

    (ii) Programmes shall be implemented to provide nutritionservices with the

    object of removing deficiencies in the diet of children.

    (iii) Programmes will be undertaken for the general

    improvement of the health.

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    PROBLEMS AND ISSUES OF

    EDUCATION IN INDIA

    Today Indian education is suffering from many problems. There are many

    and many schools, colleges, university in India likes IIMs, IITs, AIIM and

    Many other university, college and institute where science, medical, business,

    computer, engineering, media etc. and a lot of carrier builder offered in India

    although there is a big education problem is that many of students could not

    get a higher education in case of money problem.

    Persons Males Females

    Total No. of literates 560,687,797 336,533,716 224,154,081Literacy rate 64.8% 75.3% 53.7%

    Rural No. of literates 361,870,817 223,551,641 138,319,176Literacy rate 58.7% 70.7% 46.1%

    Urban No. of literates 198,816,980 112,982,075 85,834,905Literacy rate

    79.9%

    86.3% 72.9%

    Indian Education Census Data 2011

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    PROBLEMS AND ISSUES OF

    EDUCATION IN INDIA

    1. Workforce Quality-Insufficient and Inappropriate

    workforce is available.

    Teachers with very less or no

    professional experiences

    and training are present or

    the no. of teachers are less

    for the no. of students .

    2. Funding & Infrastructure

    Due to insufficient funding

    the infrastructure of the

    institutions remain in a badstate . The basic facilities are

    not available to the students.

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    PROBLEMS AND ISSUES OF

    EDUCATION IN INDIA

    3. Curriculum The curriculum in India concentrates on theory based

    study and less of practical and co-curricular studies causing the

    students to be stressed.

    4. Participation - At the lower secondary level (grades nine and 10),

    enrolment rate is 52%, while at the senior secondary level (grades 11 and12), it is 28%. While the enrollment rate in pre-school is merely 18%,

    there is a 48% drop-out rate in elementary education.

    5. Controversy There are various institutes in India having a controversialrecord including no. of fake institutions. In 2010 , The University Grant

    Commission found 39 fake institutions operating in India.

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    PROBLEMS AND ISSUES OF

    EDUCATION IN INDIA

    There other numerous problems like:-

    1. For hardly very few seats in college lakhs of students give the exams

    and hardly a small percentage gets selected .

    2. Many of the students who have performed really well till their highersecondary education cannot pursue further studies because financial

    constraints from families .

    3. The private schools have a decided fee structure till the 12th grade . This

    structure is generally expensive for the poor people and hence they admit

    their students in government schools where there are many problems ofworkforce etc.

    4. The girl child does not get education in rural India saying that girls are not

    for education and hence are not admitted to schools

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    GOVERNMENT INITIATIVESThe government has been trying its best to promote education in India .

    Various initiatives take have been listed below :-

    1. Sarva Shikshan Abhiyan (SSA) - The SSA (education for all) is the prime

    initiative undertaken by the Central Government of India to improve the

    overall literacy levels and quality of education in the country. It targets to

    produce more number of schools , new classes , better quality of

    education by training teachers etc. The table below shows theimprovement in the education standards by the implementation of SSA and

    their action plan.

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    GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES

    2. Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas - India faces discrimination in the fieldof education based on the gender of the child. The parents are more interested

    in getting their male children educated rather than the female children. This has

    led to a lower literacy rate among females compared to males. Such disparity at

    the higher level has been declining but at a slower pace. The government istrying to reduce this anomaly and has set up approximately 800 Kasturba

    Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas. Also, as part of the SSA, an additional 410 such

    vidyalayas are to be set up in educationally backward areas.

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    GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES

    3. Mid Day Meal Scheme in this scheme the students areprovided with mid day meals so as to promote and encourage the

    children to come to schools . This act is in progress since 1925 .

    The grain support is provided by the government .this act has

    helped in substantial growth of literacy rates in India.

    4. Funding by implementation of educational cess - Thegovernment has imposed an Education cess on income tax to fund

    its various programs, which target to improve the quality and reach

    of education in India. This cess is used to fund programs like theSSA.

    Collection of Education cess will also help in keeping the cost of

    education in India low at all levels including schools and colleges,

    as subsidies and aids are provided to a large number of these

    institutions to improve accessibility for the lower and middle class

    families to educate their children.

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    SUGGESTIVE REMEDIESThere are numerous problems in education which can be resolved or reduced

    using the following methods :-

    1. Public-Private-Partnership - In view of huge requirements of infrastructureand manpower in the field of Education and backlogs in the implementation of

    the SSA, the government is exploring new ways to achieve its targets, such as

    the public-private partnership (PPP) route. The first step is to improve the

    quality of education by getting content and certain school infrastructure

    designed and implemented by private companies. In this way the teachers can

    be trained , funds can be increased etc.

    2. Role of Private Educators- There are approximately 50,000 private schoolsin India. A majority of these schools are present in the urban pockets and cater

    to more affluent classes. The parents whose children are studying at these

    schools expect a higher standard of education and have comparatively higherexpectations from these schools in terms of infrastructure, facilities and

    courseware.

    There are approximately 50,000 private schools in India. A majority of these

    schools are present in the urban pockets and cater to more affluent classes. The

    parents whose children are studying at these schools expect a higher standard of

    education and have comparatively higher expectations from these schools interms of infrastructure, facilities and courseware.

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    SUGGESTIVE REMEDIES

    3. Quality of education requires teacher training - Most teachers do not havea pre-service training qualification and begin teaching in schools without any

    orientation

    In India, as many as 54% of the Primary schools (4.17lakh) have only one or two

    teachers. The number of primary schools with three or less teachers is astaggering 71.5% (5.49lakh). Most of the governments teacher training

    programs have been designed for mono-grade teaching situations.

    Hence it is really important to train teachers to improve the quality of education .

    Companies like Educomp also provide professional training to these teachers as

    a part of their joint ventures.

    4. Demand of education in regional languages - As per the Right to EducationBill 2005, it is the intent of the government to provide education to children in

    their mother tongue or the appropriate regional languages. The motivation of the

    government is due to the fact that the child would understand instructions easily

    in his/her mother tongue and thus, the quality of education would be better.

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    NEED FOR MULTIMEDIA-BASEDEDUCATION IN SCHOOLS

    One of the innovative ways to teach students is through theuse of multimedia. Multimedia helps the child to understand

    the instructions and courseware better thereby enhancing the

    quality of instructions by explaining the content graphically

    wherever needed. Companies like Educomp and Everonnprovide various products that enhance the capabilities of

    teachers and help students understand the courseware better,

    leading to a significant improvement in the quality of education

    imparted. Out of the 50,000 private schools in India, 10-

    12,000 charge a fee of over Rs1,000 per month per student.These schools are the immediately addressable market for

    such courseware.

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    NEED FOR MULTIMEDIA-BASEDEDUCATION IN SCHOOLS

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    CONCLUSION

    The future of the nation depends upon the literacy rate which

    ultimately depends on the Education so Education in India needs to

    be taken seriously, in order to make India compete with other

    nations and stand out as a winner.

    In the Report we found that there were many problems which were

    responsible for poor literacy rates. To overcome these initiatives

    were taken by the government to create awareness of the

    importance of education. The government also focused on the

    education of the girl child as girls were not educated then. The

    government also introduced the Mid day meal scheme which

    provided afternoon meals to students of the government school.

    Many steps were initiated by the government to improve education

    in India but still there are some loopholes in the education system.

    So better policies should be formulated, initiatives must be taken

    and the problem must be overcome . This can happen by creating

    awareness amongst people.