CHAPTER 1Counseling is a process of interaction between counselor and their client which the process is systematic base on the psychotherapy principleGuidance a process of helping people make important choice that effect their life.Psychotherapy is a process of treatment using psychology approach which focuses on internal problem like mental problem, personal issue or conflictConcept guidance > give an assist ( knowledge, skills, experience, info ) counseling > face2face interaction psychotherapy > talking treatment (psychology approach)Differences between guidance and counselingGuidanceCounseling

Giving info, knowledge, skillsGiving advice

Encourage explorationProblem solving

Helping client to make a good choiceHelping people for them to use the strength that they have to get a good result

Differences between counseling and psychotherapyCounselingPsychotherapy

Approach

Focusdevelopmentrecovery

SettingSchool, high instituteHospital, mental health care

Duration 1-5 sessionSometimes takes up to one year.

PeopleClientPatient

The similarities all are using communication-based approach Share common assumption about how helper should help client. All assume that the client is ultimately the decision maker All involve relationship between two or more peopleThe differences guidance provide more information counseling and psychotherapy are more holistic than guidance in helping clientSummary Guidance and counseling are more suitable for normal client experiencing problems that are not to serious. Meanwhile psychotherapy is more suitable for patient having serious problem like mental problem G&C teacher must have knowledge, info and basic skill to conduct the session Psychotherapist has special skill and knowledge such as hypnosis G&C people known as client while P known as Patient G&C take shorter time compare to P which may last for a few months Goals of guidance and counseling psychological support > motivation responsibility > understand the consequences of the decision positive change > changing behavior, become more confident Self-adjustment >making necessary adjustments according to the situation faced. effective decision making skill > can make a good decision potential achievement > development of the clients potentialObjective guiding student to have a good values and attitudes and positive behavior develop student potential to optimum potential guide the student to understand their strengths and weaknesses give advices for their future to change student behavior to establish the concept of positive self development (kendiri positif) provide guidance for student to make their choice give guidance to solve academic problems give motivationPrinciples the client can having a fair service without need to consider their background it becomes the responsibility of counselor, teacher, school and parent following the procedures and rules good relationship between counselor and client without coercion conducted in a special room follow the ethics and maintain the students right the counseling relationship is confidential handled by an educated counselor or teacherPhilosophy all student have potential that can be develop theirs to optimum level through the implementation of G&C sessions. to develop student who good in 5 aspect which are JERISApproach crisis approach (pendekatan krisis) recovery approach (pendekatan pemulihan) preventive approach (pendekatan pencegahan) development approach(pendekatan perkembangan)The importance of G&C help to reduce discipline problem help teacher to guide the student giving motivation to the student help student to make a good choice help student to solve their personal problem good in JERIS

CHAPTER 2G & C servicesType of guidance inventory, assessment, record guidance counseling placement and follow-up consultancy and referral appraisalInventory collecting data about student in general and client in particular ( Test and Non-test )Assessment analysis data about students in general and clients in particular ( subjective and objective )Record refer to three types of records created by G&C teachersGuidance refer to personal and individual developmentCounseling Services that can be done by individual or grouping. The client can come from volunteer person, invited, referredPlacement involve the assessment of the child, information service and counseling service which are suitable for themFollow-up is about the systematic plan to make sure the relationship with the ex-studentConsultancy and referral the giving info, giving suggestion, facilitating planning processes are major component of school counselor function collaboration with parents and teachersAppraisal As a proof to assess the counselor and also all the program that have been set by the government. Assessment of the climate, schoolData Collection Sharing test administration test interpretation coordinating and managing student record

Counseling crisis approach remedial approach preventive approach development approachCrisis approach to handle critical case like hysteria, or trying to suicide case that able to harm other students teacher need to involve as a middle man to solve the miscommunication and trying to solve the problem Remedial approach focus to the problem that have been identify from time to time problem that can cause crisis playing truant, fighting use individual counseling or group counselingPreventive approach anticipate and accommodate guidance or effort to stop unhealthy activity like drug abuse teacher roles to spread the information about the danger of drug and how to prevent create program and campaignDevelopment approach effort to enhance their potential to optimum potential effort to discover the needs of the students in order to make sure they got the knowledge, skills, experiences give them chance for them to solve their own problemsETHICS establish principle guiding behavior are intentionally not specific are not law they are created and followed voluntarilyCode of ethics benefit others > do what enhances client well being do not harm > avoid high risk activities respect others autonomy clients have freedom of thought and freedom to choose their direction. Help clients think clearly and weigh the consequences be just or fair provide equal or fair treatment be faithful make honest promises and honor these promisesCode of conductResponsibility to organization and employer client society professional leagueASCA ethical standardsresponsibilities to student to parents colleagues the school to self to the profession

ETHICAL REASONING 5 moral principles autonomyrespects client right to independence no maleficenceto cause no harm Beneficence to do good Justicefair and nondiscrimination Fidelityloyalty & honor to commitments made

CHAPTER 3Teacher as a guidance teacherQuantitative Data collection methods performance test > motor ability aptitude test > how students perform on tasks or react to situations career interest inventory attitude test evaluation of person, object ranging from +ve to ve personality test inventories

Qualitative data collection methods observation interview document analysis report cardclass registersIdentifying children problems anectdotal records running records time sampling event sampling diary/journal checklist sociogram childrens work photos audio video recording

CHAPTER 4THEORYBehaviorist theoryThe role of the environment can stimulate the change of behavior stimulation respond repetitive reinforcement positive reinforcementRole of counseling monitor the behavior of the less desirable practice skills to manage behavior complete the assignment to give advice for the client to share experienceTechniques and strategies to help client relaxation trainingUsed to smooth the muscle and mental, take time from 4-8 will be provided with instruction to calm themselves, manage inhalation can help relation, use this tech to manage stress systematic desensitization ( buang perasaan negatif )to undermine the relationship n the stimulus like worry and fearthis technique to separate or reduce the client anxiety through relaxation training assestif ( confident )to develop self assetiv responde Appropriate t0 train- difficult to vent anger- it hard to say no- humble- social bias- exercise to improve self to make assestif- teaches to express their own feeling and rightcontingency contract (pelan kecemasan) suitable for children as adult will be more carefulimplosion and flooding making client aware of the circumstance giving rise to reflect the concern and have the devastating effect the client is thought to relax earlier not suitable for new clientToken economy as gift given as reinforcement for appropriate behavior

Client centered theory ( humanistic) increase a person feeling of self worth reduce the level of incongruence between the ideal and actual self help a person become more of fully functioning persontechnique genuiness congruence- the therapist need to share feeling honestly. By modelling this behavior the therapist can help the client to develop this important skill- it allow the client to experience them as they really are- it is authenticuncondtional positive regard accept the client this climate can make client feels able to express his or her emotions without fear need to be careful to maintain the positive attitude toward clientemphaty understanding understand what the client is feeling

REBTUsing concept of hedonism which seeking pleasure and avoiding painUSA uncontional acceptanceTo change to irrational thought to rational thought so can accept each thing that happen very wellConcept ABCDEA activating eventEvent that happen Attitude or behavior of someone experiencedB beliefsIrrational belief C consequencesCreate an emotion result D the method that use to correct the irrational beliefE Effect of the actionNormal emotion produced

Tech counselling procedureestablish a comfortable atmoshere for client (therapeutic) technical rebtcognitive method > argument of irrational beliefemotive method > include element of humorbehavioral method > operant technique .. reinforcemtn, homeworkTech in counseling coping self-statement cost benefit anaylsis psychoeducational methods imagery role playing shame attacking exercise homework penalties and rewards skill training training in group humor

CHAPTER 5Stages in counseling pre-session explanation structure communication / relationship exploration reinforcement planning endingpre-session stage where the counselor must be ready with mental and physical including the information about the client, belief and also the environmentexplanation the counselor tries to get a clear picture about the problem of the student the counselor should get the explanation from the studentstructure the counselor should determine whereas he has skill to help the client they will determine to make a contract the client will be ask whether the he can trust the the client will be explained the step, characteristic, limitation and the goal in the relationship benefit of contract client will be more committedCommunication & relationship the stage is to focus to strengthen the relationship between counselor and client counselor should slowly trying to build the relationship with the client to make sure them become more comfortable with him/herexploration the focus here to sustain the existing relationship to eliminate the unconditional feeling between them support client to explore their problem collect fact that can help to solve problem decide whether the relationship can be go or not teach client skills to attain goal do chores to help client achieve their goals if the problem still cant be solve client choose to go on the exploration, do not go on, find another counselor and end the sessionreinforcement client tell his feeling in details and state other alternative new skill being implementedplanning the counselor will try to focus on the specific planning planning for end the session and continue the session will be carried onending conclusion about client achievement will be held identify why the goals is not achieve by stating the reason client can be asked to wrap up all the that he go through counselor can add on after that, counselor can end the session when he feels the client can solve his own problems the session now can be endedimportant skills for counselor empathy leading responding self disclosure immediacy humor confrontationempathy putting yourself in the client shoes trying to understand the client intended emotional message it absolutely essential for the client that your understanding is perceiveleading lead the client forward the session using silence restatement the content (paraphrasing) reflection of content reflection of feeling minimal encourages like I see, uh, general encouragers to show we are interested please say more about.. encouragement support therapeutic silenceresponding styles the act of responding will affect the client affective respondingfocusing on feeling behavioral responsefocusing on actions and behavior cognitive responsefocusing on thought and cognitionsself discloure is about revealing personal information counselor self disclosure is only necessary when it relate to therapeutic process too much will hinder the processimmediacy involve the understanding and communication of what is going on between him and client within the help of relationshiphumor can give positive effect when used properly is should be a correct timing too make sure in does not become bad jokeconfrontation to bring the client to see his problems itself the counselor need to make sure their relationship is good before start the session

basic skills attending and listening interpretation non behavioral behavior responding identifying the prob implementing intervention

CHAPTER 6THERAPYPlay therapy form of counseling uses play to communicate and help children to prevent and solve psychological challenges better social integration, growth and developmentconcept children can know more about the world through playing physical space is provided for the kids kids able to explore their identity the toys which relate to the real life, share feelingobjectives reduce attitude and emotional prob better communication between parents and children to solve problem that interrupt normal development communicate naturally through playing activityeg problems family problem ( divorce ) bite nails toilets problem abuse victimtherapist use children fantasy signs in playing as medium to communicate with childrenmethods : non directive version identify children decide either be with children or let them alone get material for the session manipulate material ( clay, crayon, colouring material container for water and sand activity cooking tool toys baby tools dolls knife toys car toys animals lego put at the accessible place easy for children introduce the toys tell them time about to play let them choose use reflection methods to respond tell them time left tell them time is end for today tell about the next sessionproses1st phase the feeling of being acceptance into group2nd phase able to share feeling to others3rd phase explore the event4th phase respond to the solution the implementation of play therapy the room suitable for children and complete with suitable material toys medium encourage the kids the think and feel can test the reality of the kids give them chance to share unwanted feeling easily can be manipulate by the kids

the important give the kids chance to make their own choice a good chance to see the kids problems a good and safe place to express feeling build confident develop the good characteristic increase manipulate skills express emotionprobem in implementation cost material material cost place service not enough expert time table and routine cooperation followup cant be applied at home

Art therapyConcept focus on the art making process as therapeutic can interpret the client expression through drawing give different impact to different people no words/ communication languages needed some people cannot express verbally eg colouring drawing photography other visual no talent needed improve emotion reduce stress explore ourselves suitable for disable kidsthe importances solve emotional conflict increase the awareness build the social awareness change the behavior build the problem solving strategykepentingan seni experience through the imagination everyday experience universal experiencefunction in the education encourage the development of physical, mental and estatic contribute to self-satisfaction contribute to the problem solving contribute to personality development as a tool to help kids developmentart activity catan colaj reka bentuk anyaman hand craftBibliotherapy a process of therapy which use book as medium to solve problemfunction reduce the stress reduce the boredom reduce the tension help in children development help children to solve problem increase student knowledge can act as a hobby to fulfill the leisure timeadvantages enhance empathy increase integration and understanding gives information and alternatives encourages discussion and ideas ability to enjoy literature help to solve daily prob teach about world, culture as leisure activitydisadvantages only suitable for client who like to read take a long time not practical in individual counseling require high understanding different problem different book costmethod/tool short stories biography fantasy stories picture book videoprocess identify client needs choosing suitable books realistic picture to the life not imagination presentation illustration, cover, big page strategic techniques client can see same behavior /character in the story follow up actions sharing the opinion show itstages 1st phase ( orientation) 2nd phase ( share conflict and confrontation ) 3rd phase ( development and integrated ) 4th phase ( production ) 5th phasestory telling therapya process of therapy which using stories metaphor and imagery to change the way we see our lives and the world, offering healing and growth to everyoneit can influence other verbal + nonverbal info in telling the story not much different from daily conversation active inner feelingadvantages children learn moral values and lesson traumatic experiences learnt to belief and have safe feeling positive output go through as character and overcome the challenges increase confidentguidelines subtle changes animals as character use different gender creative use props renovate story positive ending ask children to retell story explore emotion/feeling achieve problem solving

CHAPTER 7Group counseling a collection of two ore more individual who meet in the face interaction, interdependently, with the awareness that each belong to the group and for the purpose of achieving mutually agreed on goalsbasic of group counseling hansen, warner and smith a relationship between counselor and group members which focus prevention and cure. Help solving the problem before it becomes more complicatedprinciple democracy environment each members need to know the objectives group members willing to share group members should be responsible for their behavior group members must keep the information and secret short term goal long term goalmember selection every members need to be interviews first make certain criteria for group members members cant leave the group anytime consider every group members opinion distribute the appointment form members number/size group members age members gender set the group type set the aim time venue/location choose leaderGroup leadership skill encourage the participation of group members observe and identify group process and event pay attention to and acknowledge the behavior of group members clarify and summarize statement begin and end session give info when neededleader encourage member to be brave to express feeling, attitude responsible to what happen to their group set the rules expert of interaction develop the interaction between member solve the miscommunication pemudah caratype of leader facilitate friendly respect other emphatic sincere open minded kecindantype of group counseling guidance group psychotherapy group counseling group task group development group therapeutic groupThe process of group counseling beginning stage transaction stage implementation stage last stagecounselor as pemudah cara characteristic of secret keeper friendly charismatic confident have humor flexible know the members very well discipline positive thinker creativedynamic ( interaction )in group counseling have element of universal value spiritual full with information ready to help development of social skill focus on interpersonal in the group cohesion of the member