e commerce (l5)

8/7/2019 E Commerce (L5)

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BBABBA

EE--CommerceCommerce

Week 5:Week 5:

EE--Commerce TechnologiesCommerce Technologies


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Contents

Networking Internet vs. Intranet

Website Styles

Internet Technologies & Enablers Protocols Routers

Servers

ISPs

Firewalls

Management Information Systems (MIS)

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)


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Networking

A computer networkis anyset of computers or devicesconnected to each otherwith the ability to exchangedata.

Computer networking is thediscipline concerned withcommunication between

computer systems ordevices.


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Types of Networks

Local area network (LAN): which is usually a small network constrained toa small geographic area. For example at home, office, or small group ofbuildings, such as a school, or an airport etc.

Wide area network (WAN): that is usually a large network that covers agreater geographic area (For example, any network whose communicationslinks cross metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries). The largest and

most well-known example of a WAN is the Internet.

Wireless LANs and WANs(WLAN & WWAN):are the wireless equivalentof the LAN and WAN.

Other Terminologies: PAN Personal Area Network CAN Campus Area Network MAN Metropolitan Area Network


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Internet

It is a "network of networks"thatconsists of millions of private andpublic, academic, business, andgovernment networks of local toglobal scope that are linked by

copper wires, fibre-optic cables,wireless connections, and othertechnologies.

Computer users typically manage sent and receivedinformation with web browsers; other software for users'interface with computer networks includes specializedprograms for electronic mail, online chat and file sharing etc.


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Intranet

Internet technologies are often deployed to provide modern interfaces to legacyinformation systems hosting corporate data.

An intranet can be understood as a private version of the Internet, or as a privateextension of the Internet confined to an organization. The first intranet websitesand home pages began to appear in organizations in 1990 - 1991.

An intranet is a private computer network thatuses Internet technologies to securely shareany part of an organization's information oroperational systems with its employees.

An intranet is built from the same conceptsand technologies used for the Internet, suchas client-server computing and the Internet

Protocol Suite (TCP/IP). Any of the well knownInternet protocols may be found in an intranet,such as HTTP (web services), SMTP (SimpleMail Transfer Protocol used for e-mail), andFTP (File Transfer Protocol).


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Website Styles

Static website A static website is one that has

web pages stored on the serverin the same form as the user willview them. It is primarily codedin HTML (Hyper-text MarkupLanguage).

A static website may includeinformation about a company andits products and services via text,photos, Flash animation,audio/video and interactive menus and navigation.

Similar to handing out a printed brochure to customers or clients, astatic website will generally provide consistent, standard information foran extended period of time.

Although the website owner may make updates periodically, it is a

manual process to edit the text, photos and other content and mayrequire basic website design skills and software.


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Protocols

A protocol is a convention or standard that controls orenables the connection, communication, and data transferbetween computing endpoints.

In its simplest form, a protocol can be defined as the rulesgoverning the syntax, semantics, and synchronization ofcommunication.

Protocols may beimplemented by hardware,software, or a combination

of the two.

It can also be defined asthe process ofhandshakingbetween twonodes.


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Protocols

Examples of commonly used protocols: IP (Internet Protocol)

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3)

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)


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Routers

A router is a networking device whose software and hardware are usually

tailored to the tasks of routing and forwarding information. For example, onthe Internet, information is directed to various paths by routers.

It is a device that forwards data packets along networks and is connected toat least two networks, commonly two LANs or WANs or a LAN and its ISPsnetwork.

Routers are located at gateways, the places where two or more networksconnect.

Routers use headers andforwarding tables to determine

the best path for forwardingthe packets, and they useprotocols to communicate witheach other and configure thebest route between any twohosts.


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Routing Internet Messages


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Domain Names & URLs

Domain name IP address expressed in natural language

Domain name system (DNS) System for expressing numeric IP addresses innatural language

Uniform resource locator (URL) The address used by a Web browser to identify

the location of content on the Web


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Client/Server Computing

Client/Server A model of computing in which very powerful personal

computers are connected together in a network with one ormore servers.

Client

A very powerful personal computerthat is part of a network. They arecapable of displaying rich graphics,storing large files, and processinggraphics and sound files.

Server Networked computer dedicated tocommon functions that the clientmachines on the network need,such as storing files, softwareapplications, utility programs such

as Web connections, and printers.


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The Client/Server Model


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Servers

A server is any combination of

hardware or software designed toprovide services to clients.

When used alone, the term typicallyrefers to a computer which may berunning a server operating system, butis commonly used to refer to anysoftware or dedicated hardware capableof providing services.

It is usually a heavy-duty computer

designed to be the core of a network. Itdoes not have any special hardware init, but it is designed to workcontinuously for long periods underheavy workloads to control the networkand run the network operating system.


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Server Types

File Server Print Server

Web Server

Application Server

Proxy Server

Mail Server

IRC Server (Internet Relay Chat)

Audio/Video Server


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Firewall

A firewall is a part of a computer system or network that is designed to block

unauthorized access while permitting outward communication.

It is a device or set of devices configured to permit, deny, encrypt, decrypt, orproxy all computer traffic between different security domains based upon aset of rules and other criteria.

Firewalls can be implemented in both hardware and software, or acombination of both.

Firewalls are frequently used to preventunauthorized Internet users fromaccessing private networks connectedto the Internet, especially intranets.

All messages entering or leaving theintranet pass through the firewall, whichexamines each message and blocksthose that do not meet the specifiedsecurity criteria.


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ISPs

An Internet service provider (ISP, also called Internet

access provider, IAP) is a company that offers itscustomers access to the Internet. The ISP connects toits customers using a data transmission technologysuch as: Dial-up DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) Cable Modem Wireless

ISPs may provide Internet e-mail accounts to userswhich allow them to communicate with one another bysending and receiving electronic messages throughtheir ISPs' servers.

ISPs may provide other services such as remotelystoring data files on behalf of their customers, as wellas other services unique to each particular ISP.


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Management Information Systems

Management Information Systems (MIS) is the term given to the

discipline focused on the integration of computer systems with the aimsand objectives on an organisation.

When information systems are designed to provide information neededfor effective decision making by managers, they are called managementinformation systems.

MIS is a formal system for providing management with accurate andtimely information necessary for decision making.

An MIS is a subset of the overall internal controlsof a business covering the application of people,

documents, technologies, and procedures bymanagement accountants to solving businessproblems such as costing a product, service or abusiness-wide strategy.


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Management Information Systems

Academically, the term MIS is

commonly used to refer to thegroup of information managementmethodstied to the automation orsupport of human decisionmaking. Examples are, DecisionSupport Systems, Expert

systems, and Executiveinformation systems.

MIS make use of a knowledgebasewhich is a special kind ofdatabase used for knowledge

management. It provides themeans for the computerizedcollection, organization, andretrieval of knowledge.

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