PROJECT REPORT ON

SUBMITTED BY:

NAME ROLL NO. PANKAJ RAI 26 NILIMA DUSE 18 PRACHI SAWANT 31 DEVENDER SHRIVASH 30

GUIDED BY:Ms. Meenal Vatsaraj

Department of Electronics and TelecommunicationARMIET, Sapgaon

Academic Year 2015-2016

INTRODUCTION

Radio control (often abbreviated to R/C or simply RC) is the use of radio signals to remotely control a device. The term is used frequently to refer to the control of model vehicles from a hand-held radio transmitter. Industrial, military, and scientific research organizations make [traffic] use of radio-controlled vehicles as well.

A remote control vehicle is defined as any mobile device that is controlled by a means that does not restrict its motion with an origin external to the device. This is often a radio control device, cable between control and vehicle, or an infrared controller. A remote control vehicle (Also called as RCV) differs from a robot in that the RCV is always controlled by a human and takes no positive action autonomously.

TECHNOLOGY USED Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF) Dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling is used for

telecommunication signaling over analog telephone lines in the voice-frequency band between telephone handsets and other communications devices and the switching center. The version of DTMF used for telephone tone dialing is known by the trademarked term Touch-Tone (canceled March 13, 1984), and is standardized by ITU-T Recommendation Q.23. It is also known in the UK as MF4. Other multi-frequency systems are used for signaling internal to the telephone network.

 

A DTMF TELEPHONE KEYPAD

The contemporary keypad is laid out in a 3×4 grid, although the original DTMF keypad had an additional column for four now-defunct menu selector keys. When used to dial a telephone number, pressing a single key will produce a pitch consisting of two simultaneous pure tone sinusoidal frequencies. The row in which the key appears determines the low frequency, and the column determines the high frequency. For example, pressing the '1' key will result in a sound composed of both a 697 and a 1209 hertz (Hz) tone. The original keypads had levers inside, so each button activated two contacts. The multiple tones are the reason for calling the system multi frequency. These tones are then decoded by the switching center to determine which key was pressed.

A DTMF Telephone Keypad

DTMF KEYPAD FREQUENCIES 1209 Hz 1336 Hz 1477 Hz 1633 Hz

697 Hz 1 2 3 A 770 Hz 4 5 6 B 852 Hz 7 8 9 C 941 Hz * 0 # D

Tones #, *, A, B, C, and DThe engineers had envisioned phones being used to access

computers, and surveyed a number of companies to see what they would need for this role. This led to the addition of the number sign (#, sometimes called 'octothorpe' in this context) and asterisk or "star" (*) keys as well as a group of keys for menu selection: A, B, C and D. In the end, the lettered keys were dropped from most phones, and it was many years before these keys became widely used for vertical service codes such as *67 in the United States and Canada to suppress caller ID.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

VALUE QUANTITY56K 4150K 110K 647K 168K 1330K 1

VALUE QUANTITY0.1 µF 322 µF 410 µF 1

VALUE QUANTITY3.57 MHz 112 MHz 1

VALUE QUANTITYCM 8870 1HD7404 LS 1P89V51 RD2 1L293D NE 1L7805 CV 1

COMPONENT QUANTITY6V ,200 RPM DC MOTOR 2

ZENER DIODE, 5.6V 2RESET SWITCH 19V DC BATTERY 2

CONNECTING WIRES -

1) RESISTORS: 2) ICs:

4) CAPACITORS 3) OSCILLATORS: 5) MISCELLANEOUS:

COMPONENTS USED:

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

PCB LAYOUT

APLLICATIONS1) Scientific Remote control vehicles have various scientific uses including

hazardous environments, working in the deep ocean , and space exploration. The majority of the probes to the other planets in our solar system have been remote control vehicles, although some of the more recent ones were partially autonomous. The sophistication of these devices has fueled greater debate on the need for manned spaceflight and exploration.

2)Military and Law Enforcement Military usage of remotely controlled military vehicles dates back to

the first half of 20th century. Soviet Red Army used remotely controlled Tele-tanks during 1930s in the Winter War and early stage of World War II.

3) Search and Rescue  UAVs will likely play an increased role in search and rescue in

the United States. This was demonstrated by the successful use of UAVs during the 2008 hurricanes that struck Louisiana and Texas.

  4)Recreation and Hobby  See Radio-controlled model. Small scale remote control vehicles

have long been popular among hobbyists. These remote controlled vehicles span a wide range in terms of price and sophistication. There are many types of radio controlled vehicles. These include on-road cars, off-road trucks, boats, airplanes, and even helicopters. The "robots" now popular in television shows such as Robot Wars, are a recent extension of this hobby (these vehicles do not meet the classical definition of a robot; they are remotely controlled by a human).

FURTHER IMROVEMENTS & FUTURE SCOPE

1. IR Sensors:  IR sensors can be used to automatically detect & avoid obstacles

if the robot goes beyond line of sight. This avoids damage to the vehicle if we are maneuvering it from a distant place.

   2. Password Protection:  Project can be modified in order to password protect the robot so

that it can be operated only if correct password is entered. Either cell phone should be password protected or necessary modification should be made in the assembly language code. This introduces conditioned access & increases security to a great extent.

 

 3. Adding a Camera:   If the current project is interfaced with a camera (e.g. a Webcam) robot can be driven beyond line-of-sight & range becomes practically unlimited as GSM networks have a very large range.

ROBOT OVERVIEW

CONCLUSION By developing this robotic vehicle with its multi-tasking feature, I have

overcome the drawbacks of RF communication which have a limited range whereas this car can be controlled from anywhere just using this DTMF technology. The main advantage of this robot is that it is password protected so that any other person cannot communicate with the robot. It has various sensors and a LCD screen in which the Humidity and Temperature of the place will be shown. S Considering all the situations, the robot integrated with different sub modules can be used for redemption and security purpose. DTMF Based Robot is the device which works on the specified network through a specific phone.

REFERENCES1. Wikipedia - The free encyclopedia 2. http://www.8051projects.info/ 3. http://www.instructables.com/ 4. Schenker, L (1960), "Pushbutton Calling with a Two-Group Voice-Frequency

Code", The Bell system technical journal 39 (1): 235–255, ISSN 0005-8580 5. “DTMF Tester” , ‘Electronics For You’ Magazine , Edition (June 2003) 6. http://www.alldatasheet.com/ 7. http://www.datasheet4u.com/ 8. http://www.datasheetcatalog.com/

Thank You