dr. sumaya ahmed zaki-eldeen institute of environmental studies
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Second AIACC African and Indian Ocean Island Regional Workshop Dakar 24-27 March 2004 Sudan AIACC- AF14 : How communities of Western Sudan have coped with and adapted to present climate hazards. Dr. Sumaya Ahmed Zaki-Eldeen Institute of Environmental Studies - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Dr. Sumaya Ahmed Zaki-EldeenDr. Sumaya Ahmed Zaki-Eldeen
Institute of Environmental StudiesInstitute of Environmental Studies
Khartoum UniversityKhartoum University [email protected]@yahoo.com
Second AIACC African and Indian Ocean Second AIACC African and Indian Ocean Island Regional WorkshopIsland Regional Workshop Dakar 24-27 March 2004 Dakar 24-27 March 2004
Sudan AIACC-Sudan AIACC-AF14AF14: : How communities of Western How communities of Western Sudan have coped with and adapted to present Sudan have coped with and adapted to present
climateclimate hazards hazards
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The CBRR Project• Villages in the drought-prone Bara Province,
Western Sudan• Approach: Community-Based Rangeland
Rehabilitation • Two main development objectives:
– Create locally sustainable NRM system to rehabilitate overexploited lands for the purpose of carbon sequestration
– Reduce the risk of production failure by increasing the number of livelihood alternatives… leading to greater local stability
• Key Actors: Villages within Gireigikh rural council, pilot project staff, UNDP/GEF
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Major intervention OF CBRRP:
A group of villages undertook a package of SL measures. These included:
• Institution Building
• Training
• Community Development: Water development, Rural energy management, Introduction of revolving credit, Drought contingency planning
• Rangeland Rehabilitation: Replanting, Stabilization of sand dunes, Creation of windbreaks, Livestock restocking and management
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Methods for assessing adaptive capacity,
adaptation options and uncertainties • Sustainable Livelihoods Framework and its
concept of the five capitals has been used
• These capitals were assessed based on three main dimensions productivity, equity and sustainability. Risk dimension was also considered
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Cont.
• A number of indicators have been identified with the community for three dimensions for the five capitals
• An assessment sheet was used to compare the situation before and after the intervention of the CBRRP
• Word picture
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Results: Productivity:Natural capital:
0
20
40
60
80
100
rehabilitatedland
carryingcapacity
forageproduction
Indicators
Sit
uati
on o
f ea
ch in
dica
tor
(%
)
Before After
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Financial Capital
0
20
40
60
80
100
amount ofcredit grantedto individuals
incomesources
incomestability
incomesufficiency
Indicators
Sit
ua
tio
n o
f ea
ch in
dic
ato
r
(%)
Before After
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Human Capital
0
20
40
60
80
100
no. oftrainedCAHW
capacityof vet.
services
state ofeducation
state ofhealth
state oftraining
state ofextension
Indicators
Sit
uat
ion
of
each
In
dic
ator
(%
)
Before After
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Physical Capital
0
20
40
60
80
100
no. ofestablishedgrain mills
no. ofestablishedgrain stores
no. of waterpumps
Indicators
Sit
uati
on o
f ea
ch in
dica
tor
(%)
Before After
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Social Capital
0
20
40
60
80
100
effects of WIGon availability of
veg. Fruits &agri. goods
effect ofcommittees
area of WIG
Indicators
Situ
atio
n of
eac
h in
dica
tor
(%)
Before After
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Sustainability:Natural Capital
0
20
40
60
80
100
transition fromagri. land tograzing land
application ofsustainable
grazing system
quality ofanimal
production
range landquality
Indicators
Situ
atio
n of
eac
h y
indi
cato
r (%
)
Before After
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Financial Capital
0
20
40
60
80
100
availabilityof
information
suitability oflocal
institutions
effectivenessof credit
repayment
support ofcredit
systems
support ofgovernment
policy
Indicators
Sit
uat
ion
of
each
ind
icat
or (
%)
Before After
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Human Capital
0
20
40
60
80
100
rate ofutilization of
improvedcharcoalstoves
% of farmerswho
completelyabandoned
cropproduction
rate ofadoption of
building mudwalled houses
availability ofdrugs (human,
animals)
Indicators
Situ
atio
n of
eac
h in
dica
tor
(%)
Before After
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Physical Capital
0
20
40
60
80
100
effectivemanagement
system applied towater wells
no. of peopletrained on
maintenance forwater pumps
availability ofspar parts
Indicators
Sit
uati
on o
f ea
ch in
dica
tor
(%) BeforeAfter
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Social Capital
0
20
40
60
80
100
use of mudwalled public
building
governmentsupport to
localinstitutions
relationbetween
committees &local
governmentinstitutions
capacity ofcommittees to
perform itstask
Indicators
Sit
uat
ion
of
each
ind
icat
or (
%)
BeforeAfter
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Equity• Chances of marginalized groups (women, poor,
kawahla tribe) increased significantly particularly with regard to:
• access to grazing land
• access to credit
• access to social services
• access to training
• participation in decision-making.
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Overall change in the resilience of the five capitals
Before After Change %Change Natural 36 76 40 75 Physical 30 66 36 65 Financial 22 72 50 71 Human 24 72 48 71 Social 32 74 42 73
Total 29 72 43 8
70
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Are strategies for coping/adapting to present climate hazards transferable to adapting to
future climate change?
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Factors that are most responsible for uncertainties (risk) about adaptive capacity and the effectiveness of
adaptation options:
• Government policies
• lack of finance
• Migration of trained people
• Immigration (settlement of other tribes)
• Conflict over resources
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Thank You