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Window Quick Tips:

• hold down CTRL and spin the mouse wheel to zoom in and out

• hold down the ALT key and tap the TAB key to flip between open programs (like the last channel button on TV)

Microsoft Excel:Cells, Columns and Rows

• Cells (the little boxes in excel)– Hold numbers or text – Contents viewed on edit line– Named like battleship – column and row. Cell A6 is

named for where column A meets row 6

Basic Formulas with Excel

Excel Formulas

• Excel can be used as a big calculator

• Basic arithmetic (+, -, x , ÷ and yx)

• Operation symbols:Addition: +

Division: /Multiplication: *

Subtraction: -

Exponent: ^

Formulas Using Numbers

• Syntax: always begins with equals sign– Example1 : seven times eight

• Choose a cell and type =7*8• When you hit enter the number 56 will appear

– Example 2: four to the third power• Choose a cell and =4^3• When you hit enter the number 64 will appear

Formulas Using Cell Names

• you can use cell names as variables• Example1: Seven times the value in cell B2

– Type =7*B2 (cell B2 will be automatically outlined)

• Example2: the value in cell B2 plus the value in cell B5

– Type =B2+B5 (both cells will be outlined)

Try this out….

• In cell B2 create a formula to multiply the values of cells B5 and B7 and divide by 4.– =B5*B7/4 answer should be zero

• Add numbers to cells B5 and B7

Basic Functions with Excel

Excel Functions

• Excel Functions do many things from calculating an average to finding standard deviation to combining several lines of text.

Excel Functions

• Excel functions ALWAYS begin with an equals sign:

• Form of an Excel function is: =function_name(argument1,argument2… )

Arguments are additional pieces of information Excel needs to do what you are asking it to do

Arguments are always separated by commas.

sum=sum(number/cell_names)

• Function sum has one or more arguments– number are actual numbers separated by

commas– cell names are individual cell references

separated by a comma or a range of cells. A range is shown using the first and last cell in the range separated by a colon.

sum using the autosum button

• button showing Σ (greek letter sigma) automatically sums up the nearest range of numbers it can find.

• The range must be continuous (no empty cells) for Excel to automatically choose the correct data

round=round(number,num_digits)

• Function round has two arguments– Number is a number or cell value you want rounded– Num_digits is the number of digits you want rounded

to. Zero and negative numbers will round to whole number place values. (0 round to ones, -1 rounds to tens, -2 rounds to hundreds, etc.)

average=average(range of cells)

• Average function has one argument: a range of cells with numbers you want to average– It is on the pull-down menu attached to the autosum

button– Simple as autosum – just select the range you want

and hit enter

median=median(range of cells)

• Median function has one argument: a range of cells with a dataset from which you want to determine the median– It is NOT on the pull-down menu attached to the autosum

button– Can type it in as above or use More Functions from the

autosum pull-down

– Could also use insert function: fx

mode=mode(range of cells)

• Mode function has one argument: a range of cells with a dataset from which you want to determine the median– It is NOT on the pull-down menu attached to the autosum

button– Can type it in as above or use More Functions from the

autosum pull-down

– Could also use insert function: fx

mode(continued)

• Mode will return the number that appears most often in a data set. – If there is no mode (no repeating numbers) Excel will

show #N/A– Warning: If there is a bimodal set of data Excel will

show the mode of the first repeating number in the set….

mode(continued)

• If your data is as follows:– The numbers 2 and 3 are

both modes: they both appear twice but Excel shows only 2 since it appears first in the data

– Why? IDK, blame Excel.

rangethere is no range function

• There is no one function that can get you the range of a dataset. You must:– Use several cells with functions to calculate it OR– Combine several functions into a single cell to find it– The simplest way is to subtract a =min function from a

=max function:• =max(B2:B6)-min(B2:B6) (no equals sign for the 2nd one)

Logical Functions

• Logical functions make decisions about information in a cell based on conditions you set and answer by displaying info depending on the decision

• Conditions – criteria you set for Excel– (i.e. is the cell =5, is the cell >14, etc.)

if=if(logical test, value if true, value if false)

• If function has three arguments: – 1. a logical test seeing if something is true or false in

a cell– 2. a value that shows up if the logical test is true– 3. a value to show up if the logical test if false

if (cont)=if(logical test, value if true, value if false)

• Argument 1: logical test– For the logical test argument you put a cell reference and a

condition– i.e. you want to see if cell B2 is equal to 5. The first part of the

function looks like this:

=if(B2=5,


• Argument 2: value if true– For value if true argument you put a number or text for Excel to

show if the logical test turns out to be true– i.e. if cell B2 actually equal to 5 let’s say you want the word

EQUAL appear. The second part of the function looks like this:

=if(B2=5,”EQUAL”,(remember, all text must be enclosed in double quotes)


• Argument 3: value if false– For value if false argument you put a number or text for Excel to

show if the logical test turns out to be false– i.e. if cell B2 does NOT equal to 5 let’s say you want the word

NOT EQUAL appear. The last part of the function looks like this:

=if(B2=5,”EQUAL”,”NOT EQUAL”)(remember, all text must be enclosed in double quotes)


So if we take our example it looks like this:


Hitting enter gives us the function result which is EQUAL since cell B2=5


If we change the value in cell B2 to 8 it gives us the function result which is NOT EQUAL since cell B2 is no longer equal to 5

Text Functions

• Functions you can use to manipulate text in a bunch of ways– UPPER function– LOWER function– PROPER function– CONCATENATE function

upper=upper(text)

• Function has one argument– Converts text to all upper case letters– Text is typed words/numbers OR the cell that

contains typed words/numbers

lower=lower(text)

• Function has one argument– Converts text to all lower case letters– Text is typed words/numbers OR the cell that


proper=proper(text)

• Function has one argument– Converts text to all first letters upper case and

all the rest lower case– Text is typed words/numbers OR the cell that


concatenate=concatenate(text1, text2…)

• Function has several argument– Combines text from multiple cells into one cell– The arguments are cells with text OR text in

double quotation marks

Lookup Functions

• Excel can be used to look up information in a table, similar to looking in a dictionary or phone book

• A table is a list of data, each column having its own unique info or field

vlookup=vlookup(lookup_value,

table_array,column_number))

• lookup_value : a cell where you will type the data that you want to seek on a table

• i.e. in the database below

I want to type a name in cell

A2 to get more info from the

table



• table_array : information arranged in columns and rows

• i.e. the table that the vlookup

function goes to find the

info in cell A2



• column_number : column in the table that you want excel to return

• i.e. column 2 will make vlookup

send the phone number back

into the function’s cell

Basic Formatting with Excel

Font Formatting

• Everything is the same as Word: font, color, size, bold, italic, underline

EXCEPT

Formatting Borders around cells

Border Formatting

• Found on the Font section of the Home ribbon.

• Can make a variety

of borders around

single cells or

groups of cells

Border Formatting

• Pre set border selections

appear on the pull-down menu

while a box with custom

settings can be found by

clicking More Borders on the

bottom

Alignment Formatting

• Allows you to line up text within a cell to the left, right or center (like Word)

• Also allows you to align text

vertically within the cell – on the

top, center, or bottom

Alignment Formatting

• Examples:

Number Formatting

• Currency – shows numbers with two decimals and a

currency symbol of your choosing (dollars $, pounds ₤, yen ¥, euros €)

– On a pull-down menu off the

Number Formatting

• Fraction – shows numbers as fractions or mixed

numbers– On the pull-down menu– You set the number of digits

for the denominator

Number Formatting

• Fraction (cont)

– Mixed numbers are entered by typing the whole number, then a space, then a fraction.

– Mathematical operations can be done on cells formatted for fraction

– The answers will appear as fractions

Number Formatting• Scientific Notation

– shows large or small numbers

with a base and power using the

letter E to show exponent/power

i.e. – 4.7 x 103 becomes

4.7E+3 meaning 4.7 raised to

the +3 power

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