Download - Using APA Style
Academic and Professional Development Workshops
WORKSHOP #4
04/11/14
Using APA (6th) Style Objective: To review and practice the different aspects of APA style
Using APA Style Why do we use APA style?
When do we use APA style?
What are the different aspects of APA style?
Aspects of APA Style 1. Writing style
2. Report structure and content
3. Formatting ◦ Headings
◦ Data displays
◦ Crediting sources
Headings Headings help readers find key points of your paper and track the development of your thoughts
APA Style uses five levels of headings
Level of heading Format
1 Centered, Boldface, Uppercase and Lowercase Heading
2 Flush Left, Boldface, Uppercase and Lowercase Heading
3 Indented, boldface, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period.
4 Indented, boldface, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period.
5 Indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period.
Data displays Data displays can serve several purposes:
1. Exploration – the data contain a message
2. Communication
3. Storage
4. Decoration
Graphical versus Textual Presentation
Statistics in text
When reporting statistics, include sufficient information to allow the reader to fully understand the analyses conducted
Enable the reader to replicate what you have done
APA Manual Sections 4.41 to 4.46 (pp. 116-123)
Crediting sources (Chapter 6)
A critical part of the writing process is helping readers place your contribution in context by citing the researchers who influenced you – otherwise it is PLAGIARISM (we will discuss further next week)
Two main forms of crediting sources 1. Citing references in text
2. Reference list
This enables the reader to locate the source of information if they want to learn more
Citing references in text Alleyne and Wood (2010) found that peripherally-involved gang youth were more violent than core gang members.
Past findings include peripherally-involved gang youth were more violent than core gang members (Alleyne & Wood, 2010).
Citing references in text
Authors 1st citation in-text Later citations in-text
Reference list
1-2 All authors All authors All authors
3-5 All authors First author and et al. All authors
6-7 First author and et al. First author and et al. All authors
8+ First author and et al. First author and et al. First six authors, an ellipsis (. . .), and the final author.
Citing references - books The city of publication, the two letter state code (if American) or the country & the name of the publisher:
Tinto, V. (1993). Leaving college: Rethinking the causes and cures of student attrition (2nd ed.). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
The inclusion of state or country is new in the 6th edition of APA manual so you might not see them included in older publications!
Citing references – edited books
Sheldon, K. M. (2002). The self-concordance model of healthy goal striving: When personal goals correctly represent the person. In E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of self-determination research (pp. 65-86). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
Chapter info
Book info
Citing references – journal articles
End reference:
Vallerand, R. J., & Paquet, Y. (2010). On the role of passion for work in burnout: A process model. Journal of Personality, 78, 289-312. doi : 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00616.x
In text:
(Vallerand & Paquet, 2010) or Vallerand and Paquet (2010).
Citing references – internet
Ulrich, P. (2011). How to reference in APA. Retrieved from: https://moodle.kent.ac.uk/moodle/course/view.php?id=13026.
In the 6th edition, you don’t need to provide retrieval date unless the source is likely to be updated regularly
In general try to avoid! – not peer reviewed
Citing references
Do not forget: Every author you have cited within the body of your essay must be full sourced within your reference list at the end of your essay.
Next Tuesday…
Plagiarism vs Paraphrasing
Questions?