using apa style

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Academic and Professional Development Workshops WORKSHOP #4 04/11/14

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A detailed description of how to use APA

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Page 1: Using APA Style

Academic and Professional Development Workshops

WORKSHOP #4

04/11/14

Page 2: Using APA Style

Using APA (6th) Style Objective: To review and practice the different aspects of APA style

Page 3: Using APA Style

Using APA Style Why do we use APA style?

When do we use APA style?

What are the different aspects of APA style?

Page 4: Using APA Style

Aspects of APA Style 1. Writing style

2. Report structure and content

3. Formatting ◦ Headings

◦ Data displays

◦ Crediting sources

Page 5: Using APA Style

Headings Headings help readers find key points of your paper and track the development of your thoughts

APA Style uses five levels of headings

Level of heading Format

1 Centered, Boldface, Uppercase and Lowercase Heading

2 Flush Left, Boldface, Uppercase and Lowercase Heading

3 Indented, boldface, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period.

4 Indented, boldface, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period.

5 Indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period.

Page 6: Using APA Style

Data displays Data displays can serve several purposes:

1. Exploration – the data contain a message

2. Communication

3. Storage

4. Decoration

Graphical versus Textual Presentation

Page 7: Using APA Style

Statistics in text

When reporting statistics, include sufficient information to allow the reader to fully understand the analyses conducted

Enable the reader to replicate what you have done

APA Manual Sections 4.41 to 4.46 (pp. 116-123)

Page 8: Using APA Style

Crediting sources (Chapter 6)

A critical part of the writing process is helping readers place your contribution in context by citing the researchers who influenced you – otherwise it is PLAGIARISM (we will discuss further next week)

Two main forms of crediting sources 1. Citing references in text

2. Reference list

This enables the reader to locate the source of information if they want to learn more

Page 9: Using APA Style

Citing references in text Alleyne and Wood (2010) found that peripherally-involved gang youth were more violent than core gang members.

Past findings include peripherally-involved gang youth were more violent than core gang members (Alleyne & Wood, 2010).

Page 10: Using APA Style

Citing references in text

Authors 1st citation in-text Later citations in-text

Reference list

1-2 All authors All authors All authors

3-5 All authors First author and et al. All authors

6-7 First author and et al. First author and et al. All authors

8+ First author and et al. First author and et al. First six authors, an ellipsis (. . .), and the final author.

Page 11: Using APA Style

Citing references - books The city of publication, the two letter state code (if American) or the country & the name of the publisher:

Tinto, V. (1993). Leaving college: Rethinking the causes and cures of student attrition (2nd ed.). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

The inclusion of state or country is new in the 6th edition of APA manual so you might not see them included in older publications!

Page 12: Using APA Style

Citing references – edited books

Sheldon, K. M. (2002). The self-concordance model of healthy goal striving: When personal goals correctly represent the person. In E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of self-determination research (pp. 65-86). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.

Chapter info

Book info

Page 13: Using APA Style

Citing references – journal articles

End reference:

Vallerand, R. J., & Paquet, Y. (2010). On the role of passion for work in burnout: A process model. Journal of Personality, 78, 289-312. doi : 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00616.x

In text:

(Vallerand & Paquet, 2010) or Vallerand and Paquet (2010).

Page 14: Using APA Style

Citing references – internet

Ulrich, P. (2011). How to reference in APA. Retrieved from: https://moodle.kent.ac.uk/moodle/course/view.php?id=13026.

In the 6th edition, you don’t need to provide retrieval date unless the source is likely to be updated regularly

In general try to avoid! – not peer reviewed

Page 15: Using APA Style

Citing references

Do not forget: Every author you have cited within the body of your essay must be full sourced within your reference list at the end of your essay.

Page 16: Using APA Style

Next Tuesday…

Plagiarism vs Paraphrasing

Page 17: Using APA Style

Questions?