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Unit 1: Matter & Measurement
Section 8: Elements, Compounds, & Mixtures
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salt, baking soda, sugar, water
oxygen, iron, hydrogen, gold
Matter
MixturePure
Substance
ElementsCompoundsHeterogeneous
MixtureHomogeneou
s Mixture
separate physically
cannot separate physically
different uniform
separate chemically
cannot separate
Chemicalchanges
Physicalchanges
(solutions)
filtering
distillation(boiling)
(suspensions/colloids)
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Pure SubstancesElement:
only one type of atom
simplest form of matter retaining its properties
Examples:Carbon (C)Helium (He)Gold (Au)
(cannot be separated) (chemically or physically)
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Pure SubstancesCompound:
two or more elements chemically bonded together
Examples:Carbon Dioxide (CO2)Water (H2O)Salt (NaCl)Sucrose (C12H22O11)
(can be separated…chemically)
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Sodium is a highly reactive metal stored in oil.
Cl2 (element)Chlorine kills organisms in pools.
It’s also a poisonous green gas.
completely new substance with completely new
properties
NaClNaCl(compound)
Na (element)
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Compound:can be separated… chemically into…
H2O(liquid)
O2(gas)
H2(gas)
Hoffman apparatus
elements …which can… NOT.
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Mixtures
Homogeneous Mixture:
physically mixed evenly… it looks the same throughout
lemonadeSteel (Fe + C + Cr)NaCl + H2O salt water
distillation(boiling)
(solutions) physically separated by _____________.
Examples:Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) make brass.
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Mixtures
Heterogeneous Mixture:
physically mixed unevenly…can see the different parts
Examples: SandGraniteWood
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Suspensions:large particles settle due to gravity
Heterogeneous Mixtures
physically separated by _____________filtration
Examples: dusty airmuddy waterprecipitates
(solids from liquid)
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Separation (Group Discussion)
Sand + Iron (Fe) + Salt (NaCl) is a(n)______________________ that can be separated by …heterogeneous mixture
Physically:-pulling out Fe with magnetPhysically:-dissolving NaCl in water-filtering sand out-evaporating the water
Chemically:-decomposing NaCl with electricity into Na and Cl
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1. Passing an electric current through a substance produces oxygen and sulfur.This substance cannot be a(n)
A. compound.B. mixture.C. element.D. solution.
Quick Quiz!
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Quick Quiz.
2. Which of the following is a mixture?
A. sodium chloride (NaCl)
B. carbon dioxide (CO2)
C. sucrose (sugar, C11H22O11)
D. air (N2, O2, CO2, H2, Ar, …)
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Quick Quiz.
3. A blue-green solid is decomposed by heating.
A colorless gas and a black solid appear.
The blue-green solid must have been a(n)
A. heterogeneous mixture
B. homogeneous mixture
C. compound
D. element
+
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salt, baking soda, sugar, water
oxygen, iron, hydrogen, gold
Matter
____________
Substance
________________________geneous
Mixture_____geneous
Mixture
separate physically
________ separate physically
_________ _______
separate chemically
cannot separate
________changes
________changes
(________)
filtering
distillation(boiling)
(suspensions/colloids)