mixtures

The organization of Matter

matter

mixtures

heterogeneous homogeneous

Pure substances

ElementsOxygen, iron

CompoundsSalt, sugar

III. Classification of MatterA. Pure Substance

Composition is always the same, whatever the source…never varies

1. Element –

Simplest form of matter

Made up of identical atoms

All listed on PTOE (92 natural)

Au, Na, O2, S8 are all elements

Cannot be broken down

Classification of Matter Pure Substance2. Compounds

Combination of more than one type of element joined by bonds (CO2, NaCl)

Components separated by chemical rxn

Represented with a chemical formula

Letters indicate type of element

Subscripts tell how many

Classification of MatterPure Substance

1. Molecule – combination of more that one atom held by covalent bonds (all elements in a molecule are nonmetals)

O2 is a molecule of the oxygen element

O3 is a molecule of the oxygen element

CO2 is a molecule and a compound

NaCl is NOT a molecule but a compound

MIXTURES

A. Definition of Mixture - combination of pure substances that retain their properties

B. Types of Mixtures

1. heterogeneous - individual substances are distinct (composition is not uniform throughout)

a. examples – sand, vegetable soup

2. homogeneous - individual substances are not distinct (uniform composition throughout)

a. examples - solutions

MIXTURES B. Types – 2. homogeneous__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

type of solution examples__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

solid – liquid sugar water, salt water___________________________________________ gas – liquid carbonated beverages________________________________________________________

liquid – liquid alcohol, vinegar________________________________________________________

gas – gas air_______________________________________________________

solid - solid alloys (metal + metal)________________________________________________________

Classifying MatterMixtures Combination of two or more pure substances

Composition of mixtures varies from source to source

Components can be separated by physical means (magnet, filter, distillation)

No chemical formula

List of ‘ingredients’

Classifying MatterMixtures1. Homogenous Mixtures

Uniform composition throughout one sample

Also known as solutions

Solutions can be solid, liquid or gas

Aqueous solutions have water as solvent

Sometimes you need additional information

Classifying MatterMixtures2. Heterogenous Mixture

Composition varies within one sample

Mixtures-bozeman

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jEoQ6TNLJl8

Tyndell effect

The Tyndall effect, also known as Tyndall scattering, is light scattering by particles in a colloid or particles in a fine suspension. It is named after the 19th-century physicist John Tyndall.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4MVEpS0tvk

Aluminum Paper Gold Orange juice Fruit on the bottom yogurt Iced tea Diamond Air Octane (C8H18) Glucose Oil and water Hand lotion