TheHolocaustGuidedNotesChapter18,Section3

Anti‐Semitism

Mid‐1800s

• ClaimsthatGermanicpeoplewere“___________________”andweresuperiortoMiddleEasternpeoplecalledSemites(Jews).

– Anti‐Semitism–termtodescribe___________________,oftenviolent,directedatJews.

– SufferingcausedinWWIandhardshipsoftheGreat___________________ledmanytolookforascapegoat.

• Ex.‐___________________

PersecutioninGermany

• 1933,Hitlermadeanti‐Semitismthe___________________policyofthenation.

• ___________________‐NaziGermany’ssystematicmurderofEuropeanJews.

– 6millionJews,whichwas___________________oftheJewsinEurope,weremurdered.

– ___________________millionothersalsomurdered.

EarlyPersecution

• ExcludedGermany’sJewsfromallaspectsof___________________,___________________andeconomiclife.

– 1933‐Nazisorderedaone‐day___________________ofJewish‐ownedbusinesses.

– 1935‐NuremberglawsstrippedJewsoftheirGermancitizenship___________________andoutlawedmarriagesbetweenJewsandnon‐Jews.

– 1938NewPolicies‐NazisforcedJewsto___________________theirbusinesses.

JewishDefinition

• Jewwasdefinedashaving3‐4Jewishgrandparents,regardlessof___________________religion.

• PracticingtheJewishReligionwith2Jewishgrandparents.

• Nazismarked___________________cardswitharedletter“___________________”

• Givennewmiddlenames.

– ___________________forwomen.

– ___________________formen.

• Forcedtosew___________________starsmarked“Jew”ontheirclothing.

– Publicattacksandpoliceharassment.

Kristallnacht

• Evenwiththepersecution,mostJewsthoughttheycould___________________.

– Nov9,1938‐NazisinAustriaandGermany___________________anddestroyedJewish___________________,housesandsynagogues.

– ___________________‐“NightoftheBrokenGlass”areferencetothebrokenwindowsoftheJewishshops.

– ThousandsofJewswerearrestedthatnightandsentto___________________campsANDwerefinedtofixwhathadbeendamaged.

• Germany’sremainingJewsstartedsearchingforany___________________outpossible.

Hitler’sPolice

• ___________________‐Germany’ssecretstatepolice.

• SS,Schutzstaffel,aneliteguardthatdevelopedintothe___________________armyoftheNaziparty.

– SSdutiesincluded___________________.

– Concentrationcamps‐placeswherepoliticalprisonersare___________________,underharshconditions.

– Communistsandother“___________________”mainlyJews.

• ___________________,Jehovah’sWitnesses,___________________andthehomeless.

RefugeesSeekanEscape

• 1933‐1937,1inevery___________________(130,000)JewsfledGermany.

– ___________________byNazis.

• Refugeesweren’twelcomeinmanycountriesbecauseofthe___________________andlackofworkforcitizens.

• ___________________Conference‐HeldinFrancein1938,butfailedtodealwiththesituationoffindingaplaceforJewishRefugees.

FromMurdertoGenocide

• AsGermanyexpanded,JewswhohadescapedwerebackunderGermanhands.

– PolandCaptured‐___________________additionalJewsunderGermanyagain.

• Plan:establishedghettos‐self‐containedareas,usuallysurroundedbyafence,wall,orarmedguards.

– Jewswereforcedintothese___________________bySS.

WarsawGhetto

– 400,000roundedup(___________________%)ofWarsaw’spopulationandputtheminanareathatwas___________________%oftheentirecityofWarsaw.

– Roughlivingconditions.

• Hunger,___________________andlackofsanitationcausingdisease.

• Not___________________enoughforNazis.

TheEinsatzgruppen

• Union,HitlerhadtheEinsatzgruppenshoot___________________politicalleadersandJewsinGermany‐occupiedterritory.

– ___________________‐mobilekillingsquads‐roundedupvictimsandmadethemstandingulliesordugoutpitsandshotthem.

– BabiYaroutsideofKiev‐Naziskilledmorethan33,00Jewsin2daysduringinvasionoftheSoviet.

FinalSolution

• ___________________ConferencecalledbyHitlertofinda“FinalsolutiontotheJewishquestion.”

• ‐Constructionof“special”campsinPolandandultimatelytheJewish___________________.

TheDeathCamps

• Chosepoisongasasthemosteffectivewaytokillpeople.

– ___________________B.

– Othersdiedfromtortureandfromcruel___________________experiments.

• Designed6campsinPolandtohavegaschambersdisguisedas___________________rooms.

Ex.Auschwitz.

• existedprimarilyformassmurder.

– Whereastheconcentrationcampshadfunctionedas___________________andforforcedlabor.

– Thosechosentolivelivedin___________________conditions‐livedonlyafewmonths.

• Forcedtocarrythedeadtothe___________________tobeburned

– Allhadheads___________________andhadregistrationnumberstattooedontheirarms.

FightingBack

• SomeJewsdid___________________.

• Aug1943riotingJewsdamaged___________________deathcampandithadtobeclosed.

– CrushedbyNazisbutwordhadgottenbacktotheWarsawghetto.

– RoseupagainstthelastdeportationtoTreblinkawithhomemadebombsandpistols.

• AlsocrushedbyNazis.

RescueandLiberation

• ___________________knewaboutmassmurderasearlyasNov1942,buthadlittleinterestinhelping.

• WarRefugeeBoard(WRB):totryandhelppeoplethreatenedbytheNazis(Roosevelt).

– WRBdidsave___________________lives.

• U.S.stillwasn’t___________________toletmoreJewsintothecountryyetwiththeprogram.

• Alliesgotcloser,butNazisforcedprisonersbackonto___________________soil.

– Closetobeingsaved,butthousandsdiedonthe___________________marchesfromcamptocamp.

• 1945,U.S.soldiersstartedtocomeacrossthe___________________oftheHolocaust.

NurembergTrials

• AlliesplacedanumberofformerNazileadersontrial.

• Chargedwithcrimesagainst___________________,___________________andwarcrimes.

• Mostsignificantpartoftrialswasthatindividualsmustbe___________________fortheirownactions,theargumentthattheywereonly“___________________”wasrejected.