![Page 1: The Ferment of Reform 1820-1860. Second Great Awakening Caused new divisions with the older Protestant churches Original sin replaced with optimistic](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022032106/56649e1a5503460f94b072ab/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Ferment of Reform1820-1860
![Page 2: The Ferment of Reform 1820-1860. Second Great Awakening Caused new divisions with the older Protestant churches Original sin replaced with optimistic](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022032106/56649e1a5503460f94b072ab/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Second Great Awakening Caused new divisions with the older Protestant churches Original sin replaced with optimistic belief that
willingness to be saved could ensure salvation Conversion and repentance now part of the community
experience Reached people who needed help adjusting to social
changes
![Page 3: The Ferment of Reform 1820-1860. Second Great Awakening Caused new divisions with the older Protestant churches Original sin replaced with optimistic](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022032106/56649e1a5503460f94b072ab/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Evangelism
• The religion of the middle class
• Stressed self-discipline and individual achievement
• Women take a more active role
![Page 4: The Ferment of Reform 1820-1860. Second Great Awakening Caused new divisions with the older Protestant churches Original sin replaced with optimistic](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022032106/56649e1a5503460f94b072ab/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Charles G. Finney -New York• Appealed to people’s emotions and
fear of damnation
• Persuaded thousands to publicly declare their revived faith
• Prayer meetings were held in schools and businesses
![Page 5: The Ferment of Reform 1820-1860. Second Great Awakening Caused new divisions with the older Protestant churches Original sin replaced with optimistic](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022032106/56649e1a5503460f94b072ab/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Joseph Smith, 1830• Founder of the Mormon religion• Published The Book of Mormon –
traced a connection between the Native Americans and the lost tribes of Israel
• Church of 18,000 members, practiced polygamy
• Led followers from New York to Illinois
![Page 6: The Ferment of Reform 1820-1860. Second Great Awakening Caused new divisions with the older Protestant churches Original sin replaced with optimistic](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022032106/56649e1a5503460f94b072ab/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Brigham Young• After mob murdered Joseph
Smith – Mormons fled under the leadership of Brigham Young
• Established New Zion on the banks of the Great Salt Lake
ghostdepot.com/rg/images/ utah/brigham
![Page 7: The Ferment of Reform 1820-1860. Second Great Awakening Caused new divisions with the older Protestant churches Original sin replaced with optimistic](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022032106/56649e1a5503460f94b072ab/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Emerson and Transcendentalism• Transcendentalism was reaction
to Enlightenment
– see God as a creative force within man which fostered an optimistic belief in the goodness of man
• Led by Ralph Waldo Emerson, a philosopher who emphasized individualism and rejected traditional authority
" All creation is one, people should try to live a simple life in harmony with nature and with others. "
![Page 8: The Ferment of Reform 1820-1860. Second Great Awakening Caused new divisions with the older Protestant churches Original sin replaced with optimistic](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022032106/56649e1a5503460f94b072ab/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Henry David Thoreau• Henry David Thoreau’s
Walden describes a 2-year experiment in self-reliance while living near Walden Pond
• Outspoken advocate of abolition – conductor for the underground railroad
• Jailed for refusal to pay poll tax and wrote “Civil Disobedience” leading work on passive resistance
![Page 9: The Ferment of Reform 1820-1860. Second Great Awakening Caused new divisions with the older Protestant churches Original sin replaced with optimistic](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022032106/56649e1a5503460f94b072ab/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Nathaniel Hawthorne
• The Scarlet Letter, most famous work explores good and evil in a Puritan town
• Explored the dark side of life
![Page 10: The Ferment of Reform 1820-1860. Second Great Awakening Caused new divisions with the older Protestant churches Original sin replaced with optimistic](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022032106/56649e1a5503460f94b072ab/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Social Utopianism• Withdrawing from
conventional society to create an ideal community or “utopia”
• Open lands in the U.S. was fertile ground for such communities– Shakers– Oneida Community– Brook Farm– New Harmony
![Page 11: The Ferment of Reform 1820-1860. Second Great Awakening Caused new divisions with the older Protestant churches Original sin replaced with optimistic](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022032106/56649e1a5503460f94b072ab/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
William Lloyd Garrison
• Founder and publisher of “The Liberator” - 1831
• Demanded immediate and complete emancipation of slaves
• Founder of New England Antislavery Society and American Antislavery Society
![Page 12: The Ferment of Reform 1820-1860. Second Great Awakening Caused new divisions with the older Protestant churches Original sin replaced with optimistic](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022032106/56649e1a5503460f94b072ab/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Grimke Sisters
• Members of American Anti-slavery Society
• Wrote a series of antislavery books and pamphlets
• Advocated women’s rights
Angelina first woman to speak before the Massachusetts Legislature
![Page 13: The Ferment of Reform 1820-1860. Second Great Awakening Caused new divisions with the older Protestant churches Original sin replaced with optimistic](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022032106/56649e1a5503460f94b072ab/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Temperance MovementAmerican Temperance Society
– Felt that excessive drinking was a threat to public morality and the family
![Page 14: The Ferment of Reform 1820-1860. Second Great Awakening Caused new divisions with the older Protestant churches Original sin replaced with optimistic](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022032106/56649e1a5503460f94b072ab/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Public Asylums
• Dorothea Dix– Horrified at the
treatment of the mentally ill called for reforms
– States began rebuilding mental hospitals and patients began receiving professional treatment at state expense
http://www.ccg-gcc.gc.ca/usque-ad-mare/photos/261197-56.jpg
![Page 15: The Ferment of Reform 1820-1860. Second Great Awakening Caused new divisions with the older Protestant churches Original sin replaced with optimistic](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022032106/56649e1a5503460f94b072ab/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
EducationHorace Mann Leading advocate of the
common (public) school movement
Reformers believed schools were important for immigrants and poor children
Moral education Advocated compulsory
attendance, longer school year, and training for teachers
•Special schools founded for people with disabilities
![Page 16: The Ferment of Reform 1820-1860. Second Great Awakening Caused new divisions with the older Protestant churches Original sin replaced with optimistic](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022032106/56649e1a5503460f94b072ab/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
American Family
• Family and the role of the mother increasingly more important
• “Cult of Domesticity”
• Lower birthrates and smaller families
• Children received more affection
![Page 17: The Ferment of Reform 1820-1860. Second Great Awakening Caused new divisions with the older Protestant churches Original sin replaced with optimistic](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022032106/56649e1a5503460f94b072ab/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Elizabeth Stanton
– Led the campaign for equal voting, legal and property rights for women
– Also involved in the Abolition and Temperance Movements
![Page 18: The Ferment of Reform 1820-1860. Second Great Awakening Caused new divisions with the older Protestant churches Original sin replaced with optimistic](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022032106/56649e1a5503460f94b072ab/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Lucretia Mott• Campaigned for women’s
rights after being barred from speaking at an antislavery convention
• With Stanton, she started the women’s right movement
![Page 19: The Ferment of Reform 1820-1860. Second Great Awakening Caused new divisions with the older Protestant churches Original sin replaced with optimistic](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022032106/56649e1a5503460f94b072ab/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Women’s Right ConventionSeneca Falls, NY July 19-20, 1848
• Discuss the social, civil, and religious rights of women
• Declaration of Sentiments– 12 resolutions for action